Grapes are one of the most popular and favorite berries among people. It is rich in natural antioxidants and has a beneficial effect on human health. Grapes are not only valued for their pleasant taste, but are also widely used in cosmetology. Each variety has its own advantages. For many years winegrowers and breeders tried to develop varieties that would not only be resistant to diseases, but also tolerate frost well. After more than half a century of work, Amur grapes were bred.
The main task of breeders is not the development of one outstanding characteristic of the berry, but the combination maximum quantity characteristics. Among them:
- disease resistance;
- low temperature tolerance;
- attractive appearance;
- taste qualities.
The white Amur grape has a wild past and proudly combines these characteristics. But the history of its appearance is quite complicated. Ya.I. Potapenko (a famous breeder) took wild Amur varieties as a basis. And as a result of many years of work, he presented many new varieties to berry connoisseurs. The viticulture zone was expanded, because the new specimens took root well in a fairly cold climate.
Alexander Ivanovich Potapenko, using intraspecific selection, developed white Amur grapes with fruits of a yellowish tint.
All forms of Amur grapes have amazing vitality. They grow well in northern regions that were previously risky for viticulture.
Thanks to all the qualities, growing grapes in the northern regions has become more accessible.
General description
This grape variety has an average ripening period. It is suitable for food and for making wine. This variety can be a real salvation for those who are just learning viticulture. The shoots are not afraid of transplantation and adapt well to a new place. It tolerates the effects of low temperatures well and does not require shelter for the winter.
It has excellent taste, natural sugar content can be up to 25%. The liana has the appearance of a powerful stem with leaves and loose clusters. The plant quickly entwines nearby buildings and fences and can rise to a height of up to 30 meters. The trunk diameter reaches up to 20 centimeters in diameter.
Has a good shoot formation rate. Over the course of a year, the plant can grow up to 2.5 meters in height. It not only tolerates pruning well, but also needs it.
The plant can withstand low temperatures(up to -40 °C).
Advantages of the variety:
- High yield.
- The vine ripens in parallel with the harvest.
- Good ductility.
- High resistance to frost.
- Even with a high load (good harvest), the vines do not reduce their growth.
- Amazing ability to recover. The fruits ripen even on young shoots.
- Excellent taste. Excellent for making juices and wine.
Grape vines are often used as decoration. It looks especially beautiful in the fall, when the leaves acquire a variety of colors and shades. Bright large triangular-oval leaves look great against the backdrop of ripe fruits.
Appearance
Amur white pleases its fans with fruits already in late August - early September. The plant is moisture-loving and normally requires up to 700 mm of precipitation. If the climate is drier, then the vineyards need watering.
It looks different from its counterparts. Distinctive features:
- Large fruits are yellow in color, their shape can be from oval to nipple-shaped, weight from 2.5 to 4 g.
- The bunch has a conical shape, the weight of which reaches 1 kg.
- Has a sweet taste.
Amur white was bred from Amur breakthrough seeds. It combines all the best from European table varieties and Amur wild.
This is what a bunch of Amur white grapes looks like
Features of the variety
Amur grapes, the planting and care of which require certain conditions, are considered unpretentious. The plant loves loose and acidic soil. Strongly acidic peat is excellent as a fertilizer.
Peculiarities:
- Due to its good resistance to frost, it is used for breeding new varieties.
- It tolerates the first frosts well: they make the fruits sweeter.
- Excellent resistance to pests and diseases.
- Good yield.
- Thanks to its thick skin, it is easily transported.
- Bushes of overall dimensions.
- Used for landscaping.
Grape growers should remember that Amur white needs frequent pruning.
Sustainability
Scientists were faced with the task of improving the frost resistance of grapes, as well as protecting them from common diseases. They coped with the task. Bushes do not need shelter for the winter. Young seedlings are more vulnerable and need insulation. Especially those that were planted in the fall.
Amur white grapes are resistant to various plant diseases, but spraying with special means is necessary. He practically does not suffer from mildew and oidium, but it is better to be safe.
Landing
Grapes can be propagated by cuttings, seedlings and seeds. It is recommended to plant cuttings at the end of September. Although the variety is unpretentious, it is better to plant it in sunny areas not blown by the wind. You should not plant near trees; the vine can completely entwine them, thereby losing productivity. The cuttings are placed no closer than a meter from each other.
Amur white is often propagated by seeds. The seeds are planted in the fall to a depth of about 1.5 cm, and after 30 days shoots can be seen. Planting seedlings is practically no different from planting ordinary grapes.
Care
Although the plant is moisture-loving, only young shoots need watering. Mature vineyards do not suffer from drought, although watering them will not be superfluous. The soil around the bush is mulched to retain moisture longer.
Does not require shelter for the winter; placement in greenhouses is contraindicated.
Amur grapes are fertilized once a year. You should constantly remove choking shoots. With proper care, this variety will last for many years, not only as a dessert, but also as a decoration for the site.
Productivity
It is not only frost-resistant, it has good taste, as well as high yield (3-4 bunches per shoot). To increase performance, it is important to control the height of the plant. An excellent solution would be to plant vines on a gazebo 2.5 meters high.
Healing properties
Amur grapes and their healing properties has long been appreciated not only by ordinary consumers, but also by doctors. It is recommended to be used for diseases of the liver and gall bladder. The fruits are also recommended for hemorrhoids, tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, gastritis (not in the acute stage) and nephritis.
Juices and compotes are prepared from the fruit, raisins, jam and preserves are made from it. Products made from Amur grapes have a diuretic, diaphoretic and laxative effect.
Review of reviews on cultivation and use
Regarding the question of whether Amur grapes are good, reviews from winegrowers sometimes contradict each other. Some people never stop praising this variety. Others are in no hurry to draw conclusions. The further north the consumer lives, the more he likes this variety. Grapes do not respond well to warm winters, and residents of the southern regions were unable to appreciate them.
Many who have not yet had time to test the variety on their own plot are skeptical about its resistance to frosts down to 40 degrees. One of the biggest disadvantages is the rapid growth in height. If all conditions are met, Amur white grapes give very good results.
Useful video
White Amur grapes are a dream that came true in the Zolotoy Potapenko variety. The berries have very good taste and commercial qualities:
Amur grapes are completely in vain considered almost a weed variety. This is a Far Eastern relic that survived the Ice Age. It has retained its unique frost resistance to this day and can easily withstand frosts down to -40° C. In order to survive and bear fruit in harsh conditions, Amur grapes have learned to produce special substances that give the crop medicinal properties.
Despite the fact that the berries of Amur grapes are small, they are unique in their healing qualities. The skin of the berries contains a lot of resveratrol, a substance called by scientists as an aging inhibitor.
Scientists are interested in why people in France suffer less from cardiovascular and oncological diseases. It turned out that they drink a lot of wines made from dark-colored varieties. That is, containing resveratrol.
Russian scientists have developed a unique tincture from taiga grape marc... It turned out to be effective means for those who have problems with the heart, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis, etc.
Amur grape tincture is very successfully used for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and in the treatment of tumors. It lowers blood sugar levels and has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Contains the whole complex natural biologically active substances, including one of the key and most powerful in its therapeutic effects - resveratrol.
As a result of using the tincture, very impressive results were obtained: after two months of taking the drug, tinnitus disappears and blood pressure normalizes. After three to four months, the pain of angina pectoris goes away and memory improves. The tincture promotes recovery after heart attacks and paralyzed patients after strokes. And women note an improvement in complexion and skin elasticity.
The great thing is that a similar tincture can be prepared at home. To do this, you need to squeeze the grapes together with the ridges (the stems of the berries) in a juicer so that the pulp is almost dry. That is, from 1 kg of berries you will get 900 g of juice and 100 g of pulp.
Then, every 20 g of pulp, add 100 ml of vodka. The solution is infused for a week, after which you can begin treatment by adding a teaspoon to your tea in the morning. The taste is specific. No contraindications have been identified. You can take the tincture constantly.
The second recipe is technology that helps enhance medicinal properties and tinctures from grapes, and any other tinctures from plant materials.
You need to take the required amount of plant material, place it in an enamel container and fill it, not with vodka, but with water, in the same amount. In the above example with grapes, this will be the same 20 g of pulp and 100 ml of water.
Place on fire and bring to a boil. Watch as soon as the water starts to boil, immediately remove the container from the heat and immediately pour in 100 ml of vodka. Close and let cool.
After cooling, this tea tincture is immediately ready for use. This can be very important, for example, in cases of treating patients after a stroke, when the prognosis is more favorable the sooner treatment begins.
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In another way, Amur grapes called Ussuri. This crop is quite easy to care for. Amur grapes are classified as a variety that tolerates cold well. Often found in China and Korea. Sometimes this grape is called a vine, as it is entwined with various supports. Can reach ten meters in height or more. A breakthrough in cultivation occurred in the fifties of the nineteenth century. As mentioned above, it tolerates cold well and does not require careful care.
Breeders recognized this variety as one of the most frost resistant and one of the most unpretentious. As mentioned earlier, the first cultivation of this northern variety took place in the mid-nineteenth century.
Often Amur grapes can be seen next to streams or rivers.
Features of the variety, description
Amur or Ussuri grapes are 
mid-season variety. Almost all shoots bear fruit (about eighty percent). Several clusters (usually three) can form on one shoot. If the year is fruitful, then usually up to sixty centners of grapes are harvested from one hectare. Amur grapes finally begin to ripen in the fall.
If the planting is quite modest, then by taking good care of it, that is, by pruning the bushes in a timely manner, you can get a harvest not in the fall, but a little earlier, in mid-August.
Usually the plant has only female or only male inflorescences.
Small seedless berries grow on bushes with female inflorescences. Flowering begins towards the end of May. The berries ripen in autumn, or more precisely, at the end of September.
Hybrids
A significant breakthrough in cultivation was made by a breeder who put a lot of effort into cultivation - Alexander Ivanovich Potapenko. He was one of the first to decide to cultivate this noble variety. Thanks to Potapenko’s idea, which was continued by his followers, a breakthrough occurred in the creation of new frost-resistant grape hybrids.
The most popular hybrids of Amur grapes are:
Characteristics
- The berries of this variety have bluish tint, their diameter is about a centimeter. Freezing helps improve the taste. At each stage of ripening, the berries have a different taste: first sour, then slightly sweet with sourness, then only sweet.
- The clusters look like a cone or cylinder.
- The pulp, which is enveloped by a dense skin, is light.
- The leaves are quite large, reaching fifteen centimeters, and have a dark green tint. Their shape can be different: lobed or solid, or heart-shaped.
- This variety perfectly tolerates various diseases or changes in weather.
What are the benefits of Amur grapes?
In addition to the fact that grapes of this variety are used in preparing all kinds of dishes or wines, it is used as decoration in landscape design. With the help of "lianas" you can easily turn your home into a beautiful green garden. They are perfect as decoration for arches or various hedges. They can be used to camouflage some unsightly buildings. Amur vines show all their beauty in autumn period. It is at this time that the leaves acquire interesting shades: starting from red and ending with pink. For those who like to decorate their summer cottages I really should like this grape variety.
Eating ripe grapes is very beneficial in fresh, since it has a huge amount beneficial properties. For example, doctors recommend consuming these berries for various diseases: nephritis, gastritis (only if with low acidity), anemia, tuberculosis, gallbladder and liver diseases. And for those who want to lose a little weight, it is recommended to consume grapes daily (about two kilograms per day) for one and a half months.
From this variety you can cook a lot of things. For example, jam, juice, compote, wine, preserves or raisins. Freshly squeezed grape juice can have a laxative and diuretic effect. Thanks to the juice, you can reduce your blood pressure a little.
Advantages and disadvantages
Based on the reviews, it is easy to notice the following advantages:
But, unfortunately, it was not without its drawbacks. Main disadvantage The problem is that the bushes themselves grow very much, and because of this, first of all, it is difficult to harvest. To prevent this situation, grape bushes must be periodically pruned. If you take good care of the plant, avoiding thickening and other things, then you can soon get an excellent harvest.
How to grow and care for grapes?
Care and planting of Amur grapes depends on the characteristics of the soil. Agronomists know several ways to place plantings.
So, having planted grapes in sandy soil, it is necessary to deepen the shoots into trenches, or more precisely:
First, they dig a hole, the depth of which should reach thirty centimeters and the width - fifty. Secondly, the walls of the pit are strengthened boards, cobblestones or slate. And thirdly, the grapes are planted in trenches.
If you get caught hybrid variety Amur grapes, they may be less resistant to frost. In this case, in winter, the vine must be slightly tilted and sprinkled with sand.
The best soil for planting Amur grapes is loam or clay. Seedlings must be purchased two years old. They are planted in small holes, the diameter and depth of which can reach sixty centimeters. To drain water, it is necessary to arrange drainage (expanded clay or scrap bricks are often used). Next, you need to sprinkle everything with a mixture of humus, soil, peat and sand (river).
To reduce acidity, in the pits pour ash (three shovels) and fertilizer (two tablespoons). Having taken the seedlings out of the temporary container, they are watered and then planted in the hole. After planting the bush, you need to water it again and make a small hill next to the root collar. In order to protect the young growth from the wind, which can significantly damage the leaves, you need to install a peg and tie a bush to it.
Care
To prevent the inflorescences from falling off and the ripening of the bunches to slow down, it is necessary to water the bush correctly, otherwise, due to excess moisture, the problems listed earlier can occur. Watering should be done at the root. The grapes need to stop watering a few days before flowering (preferably a week).
There is no need to trim grape leaves during the first year after planting. After this time bushes are pruned, removing frail shoots and extra branches along with leaves. You need to start breaking off from the bottom.
The characteristics of Amur grapes indicate a lot positive qualities. The variety is frost-resistant, so cultivation is possible not only in the southern, but also in the northern regions. The main thing is to follow the recommendations for planting and caring for the crop, and it is also important to create the recommended conditions for development. Berries contain many healing components and therefore benefit human health.
The ancestor of the Amur grape is considered to be the wild Amur vine. As a result of selection, a variety was obtained that can withstand severe frosts while maintaining its taste and sweetness. The description of the variety indicates that the crop is characterized by average crop ripening limits. The berries are eaten fresh, and alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks are also made from them.
Amur white grapes are distinguished by berries that are round in shape, yellow in color and weigh about 4 g. One bunch can contain many berries, so the weight reaches 800 g. It begins to ripen at the end of August.
There are several varieties of the variety: Voldemar, Triumph, Zolotoy Potapenko, Proryv and New Early Russian.
Their ripening periods are different, from the last days of August to the end of September. The clusters of each variety are formed different shapes and weigh from 300 to 700 g. The color of the berries is also different. For example, Black Amur grapes are characterized by dark purple round berries.
Properties
Grapes contain a whole vitamin and mineral complex, which includes calcium, zinc, iron, magnesium, as well as organic acids. Various healing tinctures are made based on the fruits and leaves of grapes.
Medicinal properties of Amur grapes:
- normalizes blood sugar levels;
- normalizes blood pressure;
- helps improve the functioning of the cardiovascular system;
- removes toxins and restores liver function;
- contains a phytohormone that keeps everyone in good shape internal organs and increases protective forces body;
- copes with inflammatory foci in the body.
It will be possible to achieve the desired therapeutic effect on the body only if the product is regularly consumed for 2.5 months.
Calorie content
The pulp of the fruit contains monosaccharides in the form of fructose and sucrose, so grapes satisfy hunger and replenish expended energy. 100 g of white grapes contain 45 kcal, red varieties contain more calories - 65 kcal. The amount of carbohydrates is 17 g. Grapes do not contribute to weight gain, but whet the appetite.
Benefits and harms
All the beneficial components that make up grapes determine its benefits for the human body. Organic acids cleanse the body and remove toxins. The benefits of grapes will be noticeable in diseases of the blood and upper organs. respiratory tract, as well as during nervous and physical overload.
Acidity
The berries taste sour, but there is also a sweet and sour taste. Sugar contains about 12%. The berries contain organic acids in an amount of 8-9%. These are mainly citric, oxalic and malic acids.
Characteristics of berries and bush
The Amur grape liana looks powerful, its diameter reaches 22 cm. It is capable of entwining any support that is nearby, rising up to 30 meters. The shoots develop quickly; in a year they can grow up to 2.5 meters. The leaves are large, 27 cm in diameter, with coarsely carved edges. The shape of the leaves is three-lobed, oblong-oval, round.
Round berries (diameter up to 1.5 cm) are covered with a thin but durable skin of dark cherry or yellow. The pulp is juicy, with a sweet and sour taste. The bunches are large, conical, weigh 700 g.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The advantages of the variety include the following characteristics:
- ability to quickly recover from damage;
- the vines are durable and can withstand heavy loads;
- resistance to frosts down to -39 degrees allows you to harvest crops even in cold areas;
- the pulp of the berries is juicy, with a sweet taste, and contains many useful substances;
- the variety is resistant to grape diseases;
- Maintenance is minimal and does not require much time or effort.
The plant is tall, so the yield is average. It is imperative to carry out annual pruning, otherwise the crop will stop bearing fruit.
Landing
Planting of Amur grapes begins in October or April. In order for the crop to adapt faster and develop well, the soil must be slightly acidic, light and fertile. You need to choose a bright place on the site, protected from draft winds. It is also possible to grow grapes from seeds and cuttings.
Groundwater should not flow closer than 2.5 meters. If groundwater flows too close to the surface of the earth, the roots will begin to rot and the berries will crack.
It is important to know how to plant grapes. Cuttings are planted at a distance of 1 meter from each other. The holes are dug to a depth of 65 cm. The drainage must be filled in, then a fertile layer of mineral and organic components is made (compost, humus, superphosphate, potassium sulfate are suitable).
Care
Maintenance of the crop is minimal. It is important to follow the established watering schedule, apply fertilizers on time and do not forget to trim the shoots. The grapes are resistant to diseases and pests, but experienced gardeners Still, preventative treatment is carried out.
Watering
Abundant and frequent watering is necessary only for young grape bushes. The first watering is carried out even before the seedlings are planted. The dug hole is watered abundantly warm water. After a week, watering is repeated. Before and after flowering, it is also necessary to water.
A trench is dug around the trunk and water is poured into it. You can’t water the grapes right to the roots. To moisture long time remained in the soil and did not evaporate, mulch with moss, sawdust, straw, and peat.
Top dressing
Trimming
Since Amur grapes are vigorous, annual formation is required. It is enough to leave one or two of the strongest shoots, cutting them off to the fifth eye. Perennial branches will subsequently branch off from the central shoot. Shoots that form on perennial branches should be pruned regularly.
Preventative treatment
Amur grapes rarely get sick, especially good immunity against mildew and oidium. Resistance to adverse factors increases if vines are pruned on time and correctly. For the treatment of grape bushes for preventive purposes, drugs such as “Quadris” are used, Bordeaux mixture, "Acrobat MC".
Reproduction methods
Amur grapes are propagated by seeds, cuttings or seedlings. Seeds are purchased from trusted sellers. It is better to plant them in the fall. The depth of the hole is 16 mm. Within a month shoots should appear. Grapes grown from seeds differ in basic characteristics, which attracts some gardeners. Cuttings and seedlings are planted in spring or autumn. The distance between plants should not be less than 2 meters. The vine begins to bear fruit only 7-8 years after planting.
