That's why it's so important. This part of speech is necessary in order to correctly name and describe the action. Like other parts of speech, it has its own morphological features, which can be constant or inconsistent. Thus, permanent morphological characteristics include person, gender, tense, and number. Let's look at the concept of verb mood in Russian. How to define it? All these questions can be answered in this article.
What is inclination?
This is a grammatical feature of a verb that helps modify the word. This category is necessary in order to express process relation, which just calls this word, to reality.
Important! Verb forms are indicative, imperative and conditional moods
.Depending on how the words express the attitude towards the processes that occur in reality, there are moods for verbs:
- direct;
- indirect.
By direct we mean the indicative mood, which allows you to objectively convey the action. For example: Yesterday we watched a movie.
Indirect is an imperative or imperative mood. It serves to express those processes that do not coincide with reality. For example: I would read this novel tomorrow, but I will go on a visit.
Thinking about the definition of a verb
Species
The classification is based on features and characteristics lexical meaning verbs.
In modern times there are three types:
- Indicative.
- Conditional.
- Imperative.
The first type usually denotes the action that is actually happening and could happen in the past, can happen in the present and can happen in the future. For example: I will do my homework on Thursday.
The second type denotes an act that will be performed in the future, but under a certain condition. For example: I would do my homework on Thursday, but I'm going to the theater.
The third type is either an order to do something or a request. For example: Be sure to learn your homework tomorrow.
Three types of verb mood
How to determine the mood of a verb
In order to determine this, it is necessary to understand how the action occurs and what grammatical characteristics he has. So, verbs in the indicative show a real action, so this word will change over time.
If the verb is in the imperative form, then it is the action will be performed by some other person. Such words usually encourage some kind of activity.
Therefore, the action will not be actually performed, but required. Most often, to obtain the imperative verb form, a specific tense is used, for example, future or present, to which the suffix -i must be added. But it’s possible without it. For example, catch, scream, die. If it is used in the plural, then the ending te is added respectfully to the ending of such a word. For example, catch, scream, die.
The conditional mood refers to those actions that could happen if there were all necessary conditions. By the way, the conditional is also called the subjunctive. This form is easy to identify in the text, since it usually always contains a particle would or b. For example, I would jump into the river if I had a swimsuit.
Important! Any verbal word form can be used in oral and written speech, not only in direct meaning, but also figuratively. Usually figurative meaning completely changes the meaning of the word, so this category also changes.
Indicative
The most common verbal word form in the Russian language is considered to be indicative, since it allows us to talk about what happens in reality to a person, object or any person. Only the indicative can determine time, and how this action is performed will depend on what it is: in reality or in the future.
Another feature of this form is the change in persons and numbers. If the verb is perfective, then it can change tenses:
- Present.
- Future.
- Past.
Each time is formed here in its own way. Thus, the future tense is formed using the word “to be”, which is added to the verb in the indefinite form. But this is a complex form of the future tense, and simple form- This . For example: I clean my apartment all day long. (present time). I cleaned the apartment all day long. (past tense). I will clean the apartment all day long. (bud. time).
The indicative mood can be found in various types speech, and therefore in many speech situations These are the most commonly used verb forms.
Conditional
Words that are used in conditional form, indicate those actions that can occur, but some conditions are necessary for this to happen. For example: I would pass this test if I had help. To form such forms, you simply need to put the verb in the past tense and attach the particle would or b. The particle can appear anywhere in a sentence. It is necessary in order to highlight the word you need, which can be any part of speech.
The subjunctive, or conditional, also has its own peculiarities of use. It allows not only to express some action that could occur if special capabilities were created for this, but also helps express desires and dreams, doubts and fears.
The subjunctive mood in Russian helps to express the nuances of the conditions of action. Examples: I would like to go to the sea if my work didn’t keep me. There wouldn't be any trouble!
Imperative
Verbs imperative mood encourage the person listening to the speech to take some action. Such words, varied in emotional and grammatical design, can be either polite when they contain some kind of request, or an order. For example: please bring a book. Bring a book!
Indicative mood Mood, denoting that the action is thought of by the speaker as affirmed or denied, as quite real, actually happening, having happened or about to happen. The indicative mood differs from other moods in that it has tense forms. The indicative mood can be used in the imperative sense: a) to express an order that does not allow for either objection or refusal. You go to the doctor, write out a prescription from him and by three o’clock you will definitely return home with the medicine; b) to encourage joint action(forms with the affix -te add the connotation of a polite invitation). Come quickly with me(Krylov). Let's go, my friend!(Chekhov). The same meaning is expressed in combination with the incentive particles give (give) and let's (let's). Let's fly away(Pushkin). Let's go(Chekhov).
Dictionary-reference book linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .
See what the “indicative mood” is in other dictionaries:
indicative mood- The mood of the verb, denoting the actual action being performed in the present, future or past tense. Verbs in the indicative mood represent an action that: 1) took place in the past; 2) takes place in the present; 3) will take place in... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal
See indicative... Five-language dictionary of linguistic terms
- (lat. modus indicativus) expresses the presence or absence of an unconditioned (objective) action, within one time or another, as if in contemplation of an action; various relations of the subject to this action are not determined by him and... ... Wikipedia
Mood- Mood is a grammatical category that expresses the attitude of the action named by the verb to reality from the point of view of the speaker. Mood is a grammatical way of expressing modality (V.V. Vinogradov). The grammatical meaning of the forms... ... Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary
Morphological category of conjugated (personal) forms of the verb. Represents an event as real in one of three verb tenses. The verb in the indicative mood changes according to persons and numbers, in the past tense according to gender. Expressed by a set of personal... ... Literary encyclopedia
See indicative mood (in the article mood) ... Dictionary of linguistic terms
Indicative mood- INDICATIVE. A verb form or a set of verb forms showing that the action or state denoted by the stem of the verb is thought by the speaker as actually happening, having happened, or about to happen. I.N... Dictionary of literary terms
INTENTION, inclinations, cf. 1. Action under Ch. tilt tilt and tilt tilt. 2. The form of the verb expressing how the action is presented as real, desired, required, etc. (gram.). Indicative mood. Imperative... ... Dictionary Ushakova
TILT, I, Wed. In grammar: a system of forms (paradigm) of a verb expressing the relationship of an action to reality. Indicative, imperative, subjunctive n. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
MOOD, a grammatical category of a verb (see VERB), the forms of which express differences in the relation of the content of the statement to reality or in the relation of the speaker to the content of the statement (indicative, subjunctive, imperative, ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary
Books
- Workshop on Spanish grammar. Indicative mood (+MP3), L. P. Kuznetsova. Present training manual contains grammatical exercises on the use of indicative tenses (modo indicativo). The book provides keys to exercises for translation from Russian... e-book
- Workshop on Spanish grammar. Indicative mood, Kuznetsova Larisa Petrovna. This textbook contains grammatical exercises on the use of indicative tenses. The book provides keys to exercises for translating Russian into Spanish.…
A variety of verbs lived in the Vocabulary Kingdom, in the Verb State. And this country was ruled by three sovereign-kings at once, three siblings under the name Verbal Moods. The elder brother was called the Imperative Mood, the middle one was the Indicative Mood, and the younger brother was called the Conditional Mood of the Verb. All three king moods were a grammatical category of verbs.
The elder brother, Glagola, was strict, he constantly ordered something to everyone, demanded something, forced someone. “Go there, do that, go to work, go to bed!” - that's all we heard from him. And when he was angry, he would briefly exclaim: “Sleep! Be silent! Step by step!”
No, of course, he was an extremely fair ruler. And he treated those who did not need orders quite nicely, expressing his request calmly and civilly. For example: “Please, plant more in my garden rose bushes! or “Please make fried chicken for lunch today!”
And it also happened when he was in the most wonderful mood and affectionately suggested to someone: “Let's go to the movies! Let's play! Long live scented and mint soap. Be healthy!”
The verbs used by the sovereign, the Imperative Mood, could change according to gender and number, but had no tenses. For example, “prepare” is the 2nd person plural, and “prepare” is the 2nd person singular. “Let's cook” - 1st person plural.
Verbs in the imperative mood of the singular 2nd person have their own form, unique only to this mood: they add the postfix “and” to the verb base or use a method of formation without a suffix: “to speak - speak”, “to laugh - laugh”.
The ending “those” is added to the plural: “speak”, “laugh”.
But, if the Imperative Mood did not address his interlocutor, but meant third parties who did not directly participate in the dialogue, the verbs in speech had the form of the 3rd person, either singular or plural in the indicative mood, but with the addition of the words “let”, “let them” or “yes”: “let them go”, “let them come”, “let there be light”.
Of course, we have already noticed that in anger the elder brother threw out sharp short orders, expressing them: “sit!”, “be silent!”
When he was in a good mood and invited his subjects or friends, for example, to have a little fun, he used to invite the plural of the 1st person of the indicative mood of the perfect form in combination with the words “come on” or “let’s”: “let’s go”, “come on” Let's have lunch."
The middle brother, Indicative Mood of the Verb, was also an honest, fair man, in general, a realist. He explained himself to the usual and everyone in clear language, using in speech verbs of all known persons and numbers, as well as in all existing tenses. Verbs in the indicative mood denote a real action occurring at the present time, in the past or planned in the future.
And even if the sovereign named Indicative Mood was joking or simply lying, fantasizing, then this was in no way reflected in his speech. He used the same verbs with which he spoke about true things. Guess what's in at the moment the king is telling a fairy tale, and not narrating his latest fiction or an amazing, fantastic story he has just composed, it was only possible according to the meaning.
When speaking, he used verbs in all possible persons, numbers, genders and tenses. For example, in the present tense this part of speech could be conjugated: “I think” - 1st person, “you count” - 2nd person, “he counts” - 3rd person. And in numbers it also changed. If in the proposed version the verbs were in singular, then “we count”, “you count” and “they count” are already defined as plural verbs.
And the third brother was a very soft and indecisive ruler. Yes, he, in fact, did not give any orders, did not issue decrees. Most often, the Conditional Mood of the Verb gave cautious advice to his brothers: “It would be better, my dear brother, Imperative Mood of the Verb in the Russian Language, if you ordered less, and were gentler with your subjects...” or “If I were you, I would walk around more.” fresh air».
Sometimes the Subjunctive Mood (and it had such a name) was attacked by daydreaming. He went into the field and imagined all sorts of amazing things.
“If I had wings, I would fly above the earth like a bird!” By the way, the verbs that he used in his speeches could change according to gender and number. The tense y is not determined, but the verb in the subjunctive mood has a form with the particle “b” or “would”.
The brothers were very friendly with each other. Therefore, sometimes they used in their speech those forms of verbs that were characteristic of a different mood. That is, for example, the imperative mood was often found in the meaning of the indicative mood: “Here she takes it and turns her head in his direction.” And sometimes the form of the imperative mood can even have the meaning of a subjunctive: “If you hadn’t come on time, you might not have caught me.”
And in some cases, a verb in the indicative mood suddenly turned into an order, that is, it was used with the meaning of an imperative mood: “Well, why are you up? Let's go, let's go!"
The form of the conditional mood also sometimes has an imperative meaning: “You should talk to Natalya, she has accumulated so many gaps!”
And so they ruled their wonderful kingdom happily ever after. And they still rule to this day.
Each part of speech has its own morphological characteristics, characterizing its grammatical properties. Knowing these distinctive features will allow you not only to use word forms correctly, but also to write them correctly. The characteristics influence, for example, the choice of suffixes for participles and gerunds and personal endings for nouns. To describe a verb, aspect (perfect and imperfect), reflexivity, transitivity, tense, number, person, gender and mood are used. Last characteristic helps to determine other inconstant properties of this part of speech and makes it possible to find out whether it is possible to form one or another form of the verb. What are the subjunctive, imperative and indicative moods? What is their role?
Definition
First, you need to understand what inclination is. According to dictionaries, this is a grammatical category denoting the relationship of action to reality. In the Russian language there are three, as mentioned above, moods. Complicated formulation, isn't it? Let's try it simpler.
Each of the three moods is responsible for a specific situation. For example, to describe a possibility, an unreal, hypothetical action, the subjunctive mood is used (“I would go”, “I would read”, “I would draw”), which can be recognized by the particle “would”. In order to order something, there is an imperative mood ("tell me", "go away", "breathe"). The indicative mood of the verb allows you to report any action that occurred in the past, present and future - this is precisely the advantageous difference between this type of mood and others.
A little more theory
Let's move on to the times. As already mentioned just above, the indicative mood can exist in any tense of the Russian language, only the form of the verb will change from this ("read - read - will read", "wrote - will write"). But there is one clarification here, noticeable already in the examples: for verbs of the imperfect form, both past, present, and future tenses are available, while the perfect form forms only past and future forms. Try forming the present tense for the verb “to speak.” And make sure that you can do this only when its appearance changes. Thus, the form of the indicative mood allows you to understand what form a given verb has (easier to say, does it answer the question “what to do?” or “what to do?”).
Other moods
A useful clarification: not only the indicative mood allows us to talk about the tense of the verb. In the case of the subjunctive (by the way, it is also called conditional), everything is simple: exclusively past, formed with the help of the suffix “l” (“I would read”, “I would go”, “I would rest”, “I would knit”). Consequently, words have only number and gender, no person. The particle “would”, which serves as a kind of beacon of this type of mood, can appear both before and after the verb, and, in principle, can be found in any part of the sentence.
The indicative and imperative moods have person and number, but in the case of the latter one cannot talk about gender: for “orders” only the second person (“you/you”) is available in the singular and plural (“refuse/refuse”, “pour/pour” , "leave/leave"). By the way, there is one caveat here: using the particle “let” or “yes” you can translate any verb in the third person (“he, she, it, they”) into the imperative mood (“let him return,” “long live”).
Nuances
Sometimes it happens that the indicative mood of a verb can be used in the imperative sense. Some researchers note that we can talk about the transition of one mood to another in the case when an order is expressed that does not tolerate objections (“will you go”, “will you say”), or to indicate an incentive for joint action (“let’s start”, “let’s go” ). In the latter case, the particles “come on”/“let’s” and intonation emphasis on the verb are also used, explaining its meaning in context. Compare: “Tomorrow we will go to the mountains” and “Let’s go for a ride!” - the same word, but the shades of meaning are different.
Repetition
Now let's try to consolidate information about all types of inclination.
Subjunctive (also conditional) is a hypothetical action, a possible situation. It is formed by adding the particle “would” (“b”) to the past tense verb, has no person, changes only in numbers and gender: “would have said”, “would have drunk”, “would have thrown”.
Imperative - order or instruction. Verbs of the second person singular and plural are used, but sometimes the third person with the particle “let” is also allowed: “speak”, “refuse”, “let him sing”, “long live”.
The indicative mood is a description of an event that was happening at any moment. Exists in the past, present and future tense, in all persons, numbers and genders (for imperfective verbs, for the perfect - only in the past and future tense). Under certain conditions, it can transform into other types of inclination. For repetition, we will use a table that shows all forms of the verb “read”.
Past | Present | Future |
|
As you can see, everything is very simple. In fact, the mood of verbs is one of the simplest topics in the Russian language, so remembering all its nuances will not be difficult at all.
Russian verbs can be used in three moods: indicative, conditional and imperative. Let's look at each inclination in more detail.
Indicative mood
The indicative mood of the verb serves to convey the presence or absence of an action within any time (past, present or future). The main difference between verbs in the imperative mood is that they can change tenses. Read more about verb tense in the article. So, if a verb is in the present, past or future tense and conveys a real action, then it is used in the indicative mood.
Example: The cup is (was, will be) on the table.
Conditional mood
Used to express an action that can only be performed under certain conditions. Distinctive feature- adding the particle “would” (“b”), which can be placed anywhere in the sentence. Used only in the past tense.
Example: The cup would have been on the table if he had not taken it.
Imperative
Serves to convey the will of the speaker (request, advice, order). Most often it is in the second person. The number in this case can be either singular or plural. Example: Put (place) the cup on the table.
If the imperative verb is used in the third person, then it will necessarily have the future tense, and the words “let” (sometimes “yes”) are added to it. Example: Let him put the cup on the table.
If such a verb is used in the first person, then it must have plural. Sometimes the word “come on” is added. Example: [Come on] Let's put the cup on the table. If all these signs are present, we can say that the verb is used in the imperative mood.
