There are thousands of rivers, lakes and swamps all over the world, the vegetation of which is impressive in its diversity. Moreover, some plants can exist not only above the surface of the water, but also below it. All plants of freshwater bodies of water are unique, but despite the fact that most of them still tend to grow in certain types of bodies of water, there are also varieties that feel great in any fresh water.

An example is the common trefoil, which is a valuable medicinal plant. Its petioles begin to grow directly from the root, with each of them crowned by three large leaves. At the same time, there are no leaves on the stem itself, but its top is crowned with a cluster of small pale pink, almost white flowers, reminiscent of stars in their shape.

The most common plants in freshwater bodies

Plants of fresh water bodies, the names of which are indicated in this article, grow almost everywhere, but have many individual characteristics. As an example, we can cite plants that can be seen almost everywhere where there is fresh water - these are reeds, cattails and reeds.

They like to grow in thickets and have many similar features, due to which they are often confused with each other, although they belong to different families. First of all, these are the stems, which in these plants are tall and straight. In some cases they can even reach 6-9 meters, but this is where their similarity ends. In reeds there are practically no leaves on the stem; in cattails, the leaves begin to twist like a screw from the base. In addition, the cattail ear is long and velvety, unlike reeds, which are characterized by a fluffy panicle.

Practical benefits

Plants such as reeds, cattails and reeds are characterized by accelerated growth, due to which their number increases so much that they completely occupy large areas of water, gradually emptying them. Largely due to the fact that people from ancient times have adapted plants of fresh water bodies for various economic needs, in particular for covering roofs, weaving baskets, bags, mats and even ropes, sources fresh water practically never dry out. The remaining plants simply do not have time to absorb all the moisture and dry up the source.

swampy area

In order to find out which fresh water plants are typical for your area, just carefully study the sources closest to you. For example, the most widespread in swampy areas is that there are more than 1000 different species around the world. Nevertheless, the structure of each of them contains similar features, among which is a triangular stem with a dense structure, while long, grooved leaves, pointed towards the end, extend from each face. A similar leaf structure can be observed in most cereal crops.

The second most common plant and the most similar in appearance to sedge is the rush plant. It also grows in swamps, but this grass, unlike sedge, is characterized by a round shape. In addition, due to the fact that the stem of the rush is thinner and branched, the leaves, while maintaining a similar structure, are still much narrower than those of the sedge and, Seeing these two plants side by side, it will be quite difficult to confuse them in the future.

Rivers and lakes

Plants of fresh water bodies, which are characteristic of river and lake areas, are primarily noticeable on the banks. This is primarily characteristic of iris flowers, which are similar in appearance to ordinary garden iris. In addition to them, the no less common weeping grass can grow in the coastal zone, whose purple inflorescences, reminiscent of a spike, immediately catch the eye. Its leaves are similar to willow leaves, but they are characterized by special slots, thanks to which excess moisture that the plant absorbs is easily drained out.

Poisonous representatives

However, it is worth considering that not all plants of fresh water bodies are harmless, because among them there are also poisonous representatives, among which the most common are chastuha and arrowhead. At the same time appearance their leaves are directly related to their habitat. If these plants grow immersed in water, the leaves will resemble ribbons in their shape. If they are located on the surface of the water, they are held on it using an underwater petiole and a special floating plate. In addition, being on the surface, the leaves of the arrowhead take on the shape of arrows and begin to fully live up to their name. Unlike chastuha, which is completely poisonous, people have adapted arrowhead tubers for food.

Plants of freshwater bodies of water, characteristic of swampy areas, are buttercups, which also differ in that they can be either floating or located under water. Moreover, despite the fact that they can also be found in other freshwater sources, all buttercups, without exception, are poisonous plants. The most dangerous to humans are:

• poisonous buttercup;
• buttercup pimple - forms abscesses on the skin.

In addition, in the category poisonous plants, which are found in freshwater bodies, can be attributed to one of the most poisonous plants of modern flora - hemlock, which grows exclusively in marshy areas.

The beauty of freshwater plants

Plants of fresh water bodies, photos of which can be seen in this article, continue to amaze with their beauty. For example, having seen it in a pond, few people will remain indifferent to its grace. Her flowers are big and large.

Opening at sunrise, they close only at sunset. Among the people, the water lily received several names, among which the most famous are white lily and water rose. Its leaves, located above the water, are large and large. They are characterized by the presence of a large number of air cavities, but their underwater leaves look like ribbons. Often in freshwater bodies of water you can find an equally beautiful yellow water lily.

Plants and animals of fresh water bodies are unique and require constant protection. Thanks to the constantly changing climatic conditions some of them are on the verge of extinction, and the rest have significantly reduced their population. The only exception is the amphibious buckwheat, which, when the reservoir dries out, sheds aquatic leaves and grows new ones, characteristic of a land plant.

However, in contrast to the amphibious buckwheat, we can give the example of pondweed, which grows exclusively at great depths and is a favorite place for laying eggs by most fish. It is imported into some imported farms specifically in order to significantly increase the fish population.

A person should try with all his might to maintain the ecological situation of freshwater bodies of water, reducing harmful emissions not only into water sources, but also into the atmosphere, and also, as far as possible, reduce the population of various plants that reduce the moisture content in water bodies and ultimately lead to their complete drying.

Perennial herbaceous plant of the Korostavnik genus. The natural range of the species is Eastern, Central and Atlantic Europe, Ciscaucasia, western Western Siberia, western Central Asia. It grows mostly in dry meadows, along the edges of forests. Honey productivity up to 150 kg/ha.

A perennial herbaceous plant from the Asteraceae family. It grows in the forest-steppe zones of the European part of Russia, in Western Siberia. It grows in damp places, along the banks of rivers and mountain streams, in thickets of bushes. Listed in the Red Book. Bad honey plant. There is no commercial honey from elecampane.

Siberian hogweed, Puchka, Pikan - Heracléum sibíricum. Herbaceous plant of the Apiaceae family. Siberian hogweed, despite the name, is predominantly a European species, common throughout Central Russia. It is also distributed in Central Europe, Ciscaucasia and Western Siberia (in its southern part it reaches Altai). Found in Crimea, Kazakhstan (Dzhungar Alatau). It grows in damp places - in meadows, between bushes. It grows in meadows (especially flooded ones), along the banks of rivers and streams, forest edges, roadside meadows, and […]

Ural ribbed plant - Pleurospermum uralense A two- or three-year herbaceous plant, a species of the genus Pleurospermum of the Umbrella family (Apiaceae). It grows in coniferous and birch-aspen forests, along their edges, in forest clearings, rarely in subalpine meadows, in ravines and near swamps. Secondary honey plant, produces up to 180 kg of honey per hectare.

Belongs to the Umbrella family. Deadly poisonous biennial plant. It grows on forest edges, water meadows, limestone slopes, as a weed in crops and vegetable gardens, on fallow lands and wastelands, near housing, near roads and fences, in landfills, on the slopes of ravines, along railroad tracks. Bees visit hemlock well, taking nectar and pollen from it. Under certain conditions it gives large number nectar.

Bog thistle belongs to the Asteraceae family. Perennial or biennial plant. Grows in damp meadows, swamps, swampy forests, and bushes. Its stem is completely covered with thorns. Grows in Siberia. Honey productivity per hectare is 250 - 300 kg. Sometimes it produces commercial honey.

Weed plant. The species infests all types of crops and is found in fallows, orchards and orchards, as well as along roads, along ditches, and in fallow lands. Contains white milky juice. Strong honey plant and pollen plant. It releases nectar only in the morning, because... After lunch the flowers close. Intensive honey collection up to 380 kg per hectare. The honey crystallizes quickly and is dark amber in color. The pollen is dark yellow.

A perennial herbaceous plant 30–90 cm high from the Asteraceae family. It grows in various meadows, clearings, meadow clearings, along roads in many regions of Russia. It is well visited by bees, which, under favorable weather conditions, collect a lot of nectar and pollen from it. Honey productivity in terms of continuous tracts is over 100 kg/ha. The pollen is yellow.

Perennial honey-bearing herbaceous plant. Sandy cinnamon grows mainly on sandy soils, in dry copses, forest glades, hills, on fallow lands, rocky and sandy slopes everywhere. The hard scales of the inflorescence wrapper do not wither and do not lose color even when the inflorescences are cut off - hence the name of the plant immortelle.

grassy perennial from the Euphorbiaceae family. A good honey plant. Produces commercial honey. It grows in meadows, light forests, along pebble and sandy river banks, along roadsides and in crops, especially on loamy soil. Acute milkweed displaces all plants that live in prairies and fields, shading them and taking away moisture and nutrients, as well as releasing […]

An annual or biennial herbaceous weed plant of the aster family (Acteraceae) with an erect branched stem 30-80 cm high. The leaves are lanceolate-linear, the lower ones are petiolate. The flower baskets are solitary, at the ends of the branches they consist of dark blue marginal funnel-shaped and central purple tubular flowers, surrounded by hard scales of an ovoid involucre.

Mediocre honey plant. It blooms in June - September, the fruits ripen in August - September. A perennial herbaceous plant from the Asteraceae family. It grows on sandy and loamy fresh and moist soils, in meadows, forest clearings, forest edges, in bushes, less often as a weed in crops. Prefers soils of average fertility and drainage.

marsh plant

Medicinal plant of the arum family

Perennial herbaceous medicinal plant growing along the banks of rivers and lakes

A perennial herbaceous plant of the araceae family, the rhizome of which, calamus root, contains essential oil, used in pharmacology, perfumery and confectionery industries

Plateau in the south of the Sahara

Genus of perennial herbs of the arum family

Tatarnik

Illy root

Medicinal root

Essential oil plant sticking out in tufts of leaves from the grass

Medicinal plant

A tincture from the roots of this plant helps against baldness.

Grass with sword-shaped leaves

Essential oil plant

Healing plant

Swamp tartar

Healing root

Herb with healing root

essential oil plant

Medicinal root

Ethereal grass in the swamp

Aquatic ether-bearing grass

Irna spine

Ethereal herb

Healing root

aroid plant

Medicinal plant

Swamp Ethereal Grass

fragrant root

Plant

Plane in honor of Rykov

Coastal Essential Oil Supplier

Swamp Essential Oil Supplier

Healing herb

Swamp root

Medicinal coastal herb Tatarnik

Medicinal herb tartar

Healing root from the swamp

Genus of perennial herbaceous plants of the araceae family

Swamp Ginger

Tatar potion

Medicinal myrrh root

Genus of perennial herbs of the arum family

Perennial herb of the araceae family (irrigine root, used in medicine and perfumery)

Anagram for the word "Ira"

M. marsh plant from the arum family, Aconis calamus; ir, iris, Tatar cinquefoil, pishchalka, lepekha, lepeshnik (erroneously lyre); Flame root, spicy and bitter, goes to pharmacies

A jumble of letters from the word “Ira”

Typology and vegetation of swamps

Swamp- an excessively moist area of ​​land on which undecomposed organic matter accumulates. They are formed as a result of waterlogging of the soil or overgrowing of water bodies. The main processes that create a swamp are weak exchange of oxygen and ions minerals in still water, slow decomposition of organic matter in an anaerobic and, as a rule, acidic environment (pH – 5), accumulation of plant detritus.

In swamps, moisture-loving vegetation develops, the basis of which is hygrophyte plants that can well tolerate excess water in the soil.

With a general high water content, different swamps are not the same in terms of the provision of plants with mineral nutrition elements.

This feature is primarily taken into account when classifying swamps. There are three main types of swamps: riding, lowland And transitional.

Raised bogs arise as a result of swamping of land (in the place of forests, meadows) in conditions of weak evaporation of water and the presence of a waterproof layer of soil, when water bodies are overgrown and covered with peat and in the place of low-lying swamps.

Raised bogs are characterized by extreme soil poverty in nutrients available to plants.

Because of this they are also called oligotrophic. The vegetation cover here develops on a more or less thick (1–10 m) layer of peat, which is highly saturated with water and contains few minerals.

Swamps of this type are moistened only by precipitation. Therefore, the floristic composition of upland swamps is much poorer compared to downstream swamps.

A characteristic feature of raised bogs is a continuous light green carpet of sphagnum mosses.

Few species of herbaceous plants, shrubs and shrubs grow on it, although some of them develop en masse (blueberries and lingonberries); blueberries also grow in swampy coniferous forests. In some places there are trees, but they are almost exclusively Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris) other tree species are rare.

Pine grows very poorly under these conditions, has a very depressed appearance, and often takes on the form of a bush.

Among the most common herbaceous plants of raised bogs one can name cotton grass ( Eriophorum vaginatum), which forms rather dense hummocks, round-leaved sundew ( Drosera rotundifolia), remarkable for its ability to catch small insects, cloudberries ( Rubus chamaernorus), some sedges – marsh sedge ( Carex limosa) and spherical ( C.

Cranberries are typical among shrubs and shrubs ( Oxycoccus palustris), blueberry ( Vaccinium uliginosum), wild rosemary ( Ledum palustre), bog myrtle ( Chamaedaphne calyculata), common podbel ( Andromeda polyfolia). Podbel and bog myrtle live only in raised bogs and are not found in other types of vegetation.

Marsh shrubs and shrubs are characterized by a combination of hydro- and xeropeat structural features.

They are also characteristic of a number of marsh grasses (wort vaginalis, etc.). This may be the result of a violation water regime, especially in the spring, when the air is already sufficiently warmed up and the substrate temperature is low, since the sphagnum cover and peat conduct heat poorly and thawing occurs slowly, the xeropeat characteristics of the inhabitants of the swamps are also explained by the poverty of mineral nutrition, especially nitrogen and phosphorus.

The raised bog is also inhabited by green mosses: Aulacomnia bog ( Aulacomnium palustre), cuckoo flax straight (Polytrichum strictum) and others, but their role is usually small.

On the higher parts of the swamp you can find lichens (cladonia species).

Lowland marshes occur in lower parts of the relief, where excess water accumulates and swamping of the territory occurs. The accumulation and stagnation of moisture is facilitated by the presence of groundwater close to the soil surface, the presence of clays that are poorly permeable to water, water-resistant limestones, high humidity air, low evaporation, which can occur at low temperatures.

The swamping of new land areas is influenced by existing swamps, the creation of dams, and deforestation through logging and fire, when powerfully transpiring plants, such as trees, are removed. Swamps appear near the outlets of groundwater to the surface.

Lowland swamps differ sharply from highland ones in that the soil here is rich in mineral nutrients.

These swamps are among eutrophic.

Eutrophic plants, which are very demanding of soil fertility, are common in lowland swamps. The species composition of the flora here is incomparably richer than in the raised bogs. There are especially many herbaceous plants, most of them relatively large and tall.

They usually form dense thickets. There are various shrubs and trees. The soil often has a developed cover of moisture-loving hypnotic(Not sphagnum) mosses. Lowland bogs are sometimes called grass-hypnum bogs.

The main herbaceous plants of this type of swamps are common reed ( Phragmites communis), some large sedges, such as bladderwort ( Carex vesicaria), turfy ( C.

caespitosa), pointed ( C. acutiformis); meadowsweet ( Filipendula ulmaria), broadleaf cattail ( Typha latfolia), marsh cinquefoil ( Comarum palustre), manna floating ( Glyceria fluitans), umbrella susak ( Butomus umbelaltus), buttercup ( Ranunculus flammula), river gravilate ( Geum rivale), common loosestrife ( Lysimachia vulgaris), species of hedgehog. Horsetail is often found, and cuckoo flax is a moss species.

Among the bushes it is necessary to name various types willows, such as ash willow ( Salix cinerea), eared ( S. aurita). Among the trees, black alder is especially characteristic ( Alnus glutinosa), but there are also some others. All plants of lowland swamps are typical hygrophytes. Grassy swamps are often practically difficult to distinguish from waterlogged meadows, with which they are often connected by numerous transitions.

Swamps third type , transitional, in terms of soil richness they occupy an intermediate position between upland and lowland.

They can occupy the most different position(from the watershed to the low river terraces). Their surface is flat. Most often they are located on the outskirts of raised bogs, expand the territory of the swamp and in the further development are replaced by raised bogs. But transitional swamps may not change into another type and persist for a long time. This mesotrophic swamps. Their vegetation is of a transitional nature.

A cover of sphagnum mosses is often developed, and against its background there are plants characteristic of lowland swamps. From shrubs and shrubs - cranberries ( Oxycoccus palustris), blueberry( Vaccinium uliginosum), wild rosemary ( Ledum palustre), bog myrtle ( Chamaedaphne calyculata), from trees – Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris), downy birch ( Betula pubescens).

The sedge family ( Sureaceae).

Let's look at the main characteristics of this family.

Family Sedgeaceae ( Sureaceae)

The family unites wind-pollinated plants, which are close in morphological characteristics to cereals.

However, unlike cereals with hollow straws and swollen internodes, sedges have predominantly triangular stems, without swollen nodes, non-hollow, three-row leaves (rather than two-row), formed mainly in the lower part of the stem. In addition, the vaginas of sedges are always closed.

Most sedges are hygrophytes, living in swamps, wet meadows and coastal aquatic habitats.

However, among them there are species that grow in arid conditions - early sedge( Carex raecox), clove( C. caryophyllea), mountain( S. montana). A whole series species of sedges are part of forest communities - spiny sedge ( S. muricata), hairy ( S. pilosa), forest ( S. sylvatica) etc. There are also mountain tundra, saline and even desert species.

Inconspicuous sedge flowers are collected in spikelets, forming complex inflorescences: spike-shaped, paniculate, umbellate, capitate.

Flowers are bisexual (with perianth in the form of bristles, hairs, or no perianth at all) and unisexual (plants can be monoecious or dioecious).

At the very big kind family (and one of the largest flowering genera) - sedge (more than 2000 species) - unisexual flowers are greatly reduced. male flower consists of three stamens sitting in the axil of the covering scales (Fig. 8.). The female flower, also sitting in the axil of the covering scales, is represented by a pistil enclosed in a special formation - a bag resembling a jug with a narrow neck.

Part of the style with stigmas emerges from the neck. As a rule, sedges are monoecious.

In the temperate zone, lake reed is widespread ( Scirpus lacustris) is a tall (up to 2.5 m) plant. The assimilating organs of the reed are the stems, and it reproduces mainly vegetatively with the help of long rhizomes. Together with other coastal aquatic plants, reeds perform important function biological water purification.

It is one of the main peat formers. Reed stems are used to make wickerwork and also as packaging material. People often mistakenly call another plant reed - cattail ( Typha).

This genus with characteristic elongated brown “cones” belongs to a completely different family - Typhaceae.

Types of cotton grass( Eriophorum) are common swamp plants. The cotton grass perianth consists of numerous silky hairs, which after flowering lengthen and the spikelets take on the appearance of fluffy heads of snow-white or reddish color.

Swampweed, widespread throughout the globe ( Eleocharis) lives in shallow waters, shallows, the banks of reservoirs, and grassy swamps.

One of its species is sweet marshwort, or water chestnut ( E. dulcis) - cultivated in Southeast Asia as a food plant (sweet tuberous formations on its rhizomes are used).

Another cultivated food plant from the family is the edible chickweed, or chufa ( Cyperus esculentus), cultivated in Mediterranean countries. Its “tubers” are rich not only in sugar and starch, but also in oil. Full brown( Cyperus fuscus) is a typical pioneer plant that inhabits coastal shallows.

8. Sedges ( Sureaceae )

a – flowers (1 – cotton grass – Eriophorum, 2 – reeds – Scirpus, 3 – satiate – Cyperus,

4 – sedge – Carex); b – vesicular sedge – Carex vesicaria(1 – flowering shoot,

2 – female flower – general view and cut).

Progress of the lesson:

Excursion and preparation of excursion materials. Pay attention to the life expectancy of aquatic, coastal and marsh plants, methods of overwintering and vegetative regeneration, the anatomical structure of stems and leaves.

2. During the examination of a specific swamp, find out its type and the associated flora features.

The ecological features of trees, shrubs, grasses and mosses growing in swamps are considered, hygrophytes and swamp xerophytes (ledum, cranberries, etc.) are highlighted. Adaptations of marsh plants to the lack of available nitrogen in the soil: symbiosis with microorganisms, insectivorous plants (sundews, etc.).

3. Make a list of aquatic, coastal and marsh plants of the practice area, and, if possible, get acquainted with some lower aquatic plants - algae (their differences from higher ones).

Identification and herbarization of plants.

5. Morphological description of typical representatives (work in groups).

6. Individual work.

7. Preparation of micropreparations of the most typical plants of a given phytocenosis and drawings and diagrams of micropreparations in the diary.

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Marsh perennial herbaceous plant of the araceae family

small shrub growing on slopes, bushes of bush birch

sphagnum bogs in the north of European Russia

sphagnum peat bogs in the north of European Russia and Western Siberia

sphagnum peat bogs

swamps in northern Russia

mossy peat bogs in the North

impenetrable riverine thickets on rivers in Central Asia

Russian film director, director of the films “Sunday Night”, “Point of Light”, “People in the Swamp”

genus of lichen - small gray bushes growing in the tundra and peat bogs, reindeer moss

Lernaean (Greek hydra water serpent) in ancient greek mythology- a monstrous nine-headed snake that lived in the Lernaean swamp in the Peloponnese

“he cries in the swamp, but doesn’t leave the swamp” (riddle)

hillock on a damp meadow, swamp

"fulcrum" in the swamp

tubercle in the swamp

grass in the swamp

grass growing in a swamp

These words were also found in the following queries:

Sem. Equisetaceae – Equisetaceae

Equisetum marsh – Equisetum palustre

Sem. Poa (grasses) – Poaceae (Gramineae)

Short-tailed foxtail – Alopecurus aequalis

Sem. Sedges – Cyperaceae

Hairy sedge – Carex hirta

Cotton grass vaginalis – Eriophorum vaginatum

P. latifolia – E.latifolium

multi-spike – E. polystachyon

Sem. Irrigaceae – Iridaceae

Yellow Iris – Iris pseudacorus

Sem. Willow – Salicaceae

Silver poplar – Populus alba

Aspen – Populus tremula

black (sedge) – P. nigra

Willow five-stamen - Salix pentandra

I. brittle – S. fragilis

I. white – S. alba

I. purple – S. purpurea

I. Russian – S. rossica

I. goat - S. caprea

Sem. Birch — Betulaceae

Birch is low - Betula humilis

Sticky alder (O.

black) – Alnus glutinosa

gray – A. incana

Sem. Cloves – Caryophyllaceae

Swamp chickweed – Stellaria palustris

Sem. Ranunculaceae – Ranunculaceae

Marsh marigold – Caltha palustris

Simple basil - Thalictrum simplex

Burning buttercup - Ranunculus flamula

L. poisonous - R. sceleratus

L. creeping – R. repens

Sem. Brassicas (cruciferous) – Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)

Marsh geranium - Rorippa palustris

amphibian – R.amphibia

The core is bitter - Cardamine amara

Sem. Sundews – Droseraceae

Sundew rotundifolia – Drosera rotundifolia

R. English – D. anglica

Sem. Saxifraga – Saxifragaceae

Swamp saxifrage – Saxifraga hirculus

Pink – Rosaceae

Meadowsweet - Filipendula ulmaria

Potentilla erecta - Potentilla erecta

Sem. Geraniums – Geraniaceae

Swamp geranium – Geranium palustre

Sem. Buckthorn – Rhamnaceae

Alder buckthorn – Frangula alnus

Sem. Fireweed – Onagraceae

Hairy fireweed - Epilobium hirsutum

Slanoberry - Haloragaceae

Uru spica - Myriophyllum spicatum

Sem. Celery (umbrella) – Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)

Water maker - Oenanthe aquatica

Vekh (hemlock) poisonous – Cicuta virosa

Angelica officinalis – Archangelica officinalis

Latifolia latifolia – Sium latifolia

Marsh gorichnik – Peucedanum palustre

Ericaceae – Ericaceae

Common marsh myrtle – Chamaedaphne calyculata

Podbel polyfolia (Andromeda) – Andromeda polyfolia

Swamp cranberry (K. four-petalled) – Oxycoccus palustre

K. small-fruited - O. microcarpa

Primroses – Primulaceae

Common loosestrife - Lysimachia vulgaris

Sem. Borage - Boraginaceae

Forget-me-not swamp - Myosotis palustris

Lamiaceae – Lamiaceae (Labiata)

European zyuznik – Lycopus europaeus

Common skullcap – Scutellaria galericulata

Swamp chist - Stachis palustris

Norichnikovye – Scrophulariaceae

Veronica in-line – Veronica beccabunga

V. key – V. anagallis-aquatica

Rubiaceae – Rubiaceae

Marsh bedstraw – Galium palustre

P. marshy – G. uliginosum

Sem. Asteraceae (Asteraceae) – Asteraceae (Compositae)

The line is drooping - Bidens cernua

Marsh dry grass – Gnaphalium uliginosum

Test questions for the excursion to the swamp.

1. Why does soil waterlogging occur?

Define “swamp biocenosis”.

3. What features of sphagnum moss cause the formation of a peat layer?

4. How to explain the ability of sphagnum moss to hold large amounts of water and retain it easily?

Why does the temperature in a peat bog decrease as the depth of the hole increases?

6. Why does decomposition of plant residues not occur in a peat bog?

7. What are the most important morphological characteristics mosses using the example of cuckoo flax and sphagnum?

8. What components are included in peat, besides mosses?

9. Is it possible to determine its origin by the color of peat?

10. What general features are observed in the microstructure of the vegetative organs of marsh plants?

How can we explain the presence of air-bearing tissue in many swamp plants?

12. What signs of underground organs ensure life in a swamp for herbaceous plants?

Why are the leaves of many marsh plants pubescent and curved on the underside?

14. Do blueberry and lingonberry shoots grown in a swamp differ in appearance and size of annual growth from those living in a coniferous forest?

Due to what reasons do swamp plants have small annual growth, small height and size compared to plants of other phytocenoses?

16. Why did insectivorous marsh plants develop such a feeding method?

17. How to determine the age of a sundew?

18. Why do cattails help drain the swamp?

What practical significance do peat bogs have?

20. Which of the shrubs and shrubs found in the swamp are evergreen and which are summer green?

21. What are the most significant differences between the leaves of evergreen and summergreen shrubs and shrubs?

22. What is the manifestation of oppression of pine and other woody plants (birch, willow) grown in a swamp? (Shape of the trunk and crown, annual shoots, their length, branching, number and size of leaves on individual shoots, etc.)

Read also:

marsh plants

A swamp is a community of perennial plants that can grow in conditions of abundant moisture from flowing or standing water. Swamp soil contains little oxygen, and often nutrients (mineral salts) that plants need.
There are different types of swamps. There are sphagnum swamps (they are also called peat bogs).

Among the plants there, sphagnum moss predominates, and there are swamps where sedges predominate. Other herbs also grow with them. These swamps are called grassy (or lowland). Swamps, where you can find not only perennial grasses and mosses, but also many trees and shrubs, are called forest swamps.
In a meadow, in a forest, along the banks of rivers and lakes, along the road, there are often areas with a high water content in the soil.

Plants adapted to life in waterlogged conditions also settle here.

Swamps are usually divided into three types: lowland, raised and transitional. The share of lowland swamps accounts for 50% of the area of ​​all swamps in the region, upland swamps - 26%, transitional swamps - 19%, swamps mixed type - 5%.

There are more than 600 lowland swamps in the region. They are usually found in river floodplains. Their surface is moistened by waters rich in mineral salts; The degree of decomposition and ash content of peat are the highest here.

A characteristic feature of lowland swamps is good development herbaceous vegetation - sedge, watchwort, rush grass, horsetail, cinquefoil, marsh marigold, spleenwort, chastuha, whitewing, etc. Green mosses occupy a significant place in the ground cover. Woody vegetation is mainly represented by alder, willow, and sometimes birch and spruce. The main groups of associations of lowland bogs are spruce forests, birch forests, alder forests and grass-marsh willow forests (sedge, shift, horsetail, etc.).

The number of species of medicinal plants in lowland swamps rarely exceeds 5, of which commercial thickets are most typical for alder and alder.

Raised bogs are most often located on watersheds. The water reserves in them are replenished by precipitation, so the peat here is poor in mineral salts, with a relatively low degree of decomposition and low ash content.

There are 278 raised bogs in the region. The dominant plants of raised bogs are sphagnum mosses, which have a high moisture capacity. Another characteristic plant of raised bogs is the low-growing pine. Also often found here are wild rosemary, Cassandra, andromeda, blueberry, swamp cranberry, black crowberry, cloudberry, round-leaved sundew, cotton grass, marsh Scheuchzeria, Naumburgia, and various sedges.

The main groups of raised bog associations are represented by dwarf shrub-sphagnum pine forests, treeless dwarf shrub-cotton grass-sphagnum and cotton grass-sedge-sphagnum communities.

Transitional swamps occupy an intermediate position between upland and lowland. They are moistened both by precipitation and by spring and running waters. The characteristic plants of transitional swamps are: in the upper tier - pine and birch with an admixture of spruce and alder; in the ground cover - green and sphagnum mosses; in the grassy ravine there are sedges, cinquefoil, vakhta, naumburgia, and in some places cranberries, blueberries, and lingonberries.

Associations of transitional swamps are represented by pine and birch forests, sedge-sphagnum and cotton grass-sedge-sphagnum treeless communities.

Some, especially large, bogs have a mixed character of peat deposits and vegetation. One part of them consists of the upland type, the other - the transitional or lowland type. Such swamps have all the plant associations characteristic of each type, containing up to 10 species of medicinal plants in one swamp.

Typical plants of lowland swamps

Marsh sedge
(Carex limosa L.) sedge family
Long-rhizomatous perennial with adventitious roots with reddish-golden root hairs.

Stems are 20-50 cm tall, at the base with whole reddish-brown scale-like leaves and leaf-bearing sheaths.

Leaf blades are 1-2 mm wide, grayish-green, usually shorter than the stem. An inflorescence of 2-4 more or less closely spaced spikelets, the top of which is staminate, up to 3 cm long, the rest are pistillate, on thin long stalks, elliptical, drooping.

The covering leaf of the lower spikelet without a sheath or with a short sheath, up to 4 mm long, is grooved, usually not exceeding the inflorescence. The covering scales of pistillate flowers are pointed or wedge-shaped, longer than the sacs, approximately equal in width, pale or reddish brown, sometimes lighter in the middle. The sacs are 4-5 mm long, elliptical, gray, covered with papillae, with veins, on a very short stalk, sharply narrowed at the top, almost without a spout. Blooms in May-June, bears fruit in June-July.

A common type of sphagnum bogs, also found in swampy coniferous forests, along peaty banks of reservoirs, and on rafting grounds.

Three-leaf watch
(Menyanthes trifoliata L.) shift family
The rhizome is long, thick, creeping, rising in the upper part and bearing alternate trifoliate leaves on long (17-30 cm) petioles, with elliptical segments 3-10 (15) cm long and 1.5-3 (7) cm wide.

The stem is leafless, flowers are in a raceme at its apex. Calyx 2-3 mm long. Corolla white or pale pink, 10-15 mm long, incised to half or deeper, with inside fringed-hairy. The capsule is ovoid, pointed, 7-8 mm long.

The seeds are smooth, somewhat compressed. Blooms in summer.

Three-leaf watch. Photo: Frank Vassen

Tripartite sequence
(Bidens tripartita L.) Asteraceae family
Stems are erect, branched. Leaves 3-5 are dissected, with toothed segments.

There are 5-8 outer leaves. There are no false-lingulate flowers. Achenes are wedge-shaped, flattened, with 2 awns; sometimes 3-4 awns develop, but then they are covered with cones. It blooms in summer and autumn.

In damp meadows, banks of water bodies, wastelands and as a weed in crops. A medicinal plant distributed throughout the country.

Pepper Knotweed
(Polygonum hydropiper L.) buckwheat family
The stem is branched.

The leaves are lanceolate, the lower leaves have short petioles, the upper leaves are sessile, all sharp, smooth. The flowers are greenish or pink, in sparse, interrupted spikes. The perianth is 4- or 5-leafed, covered on the outside with a mass of turned glands. Stamens 6-8. The nuts are triangular, brown. Blooms in summer and autumn. It usually grows along the banks of fresh water bodies, ditches, roads, and grassy swamps.

Spicy, medicinal and dye plant with a characteristic hot peppery taste.

Swamp whitewing
(Calla palustris L.) araceae family
The rhizome is long, thick, jointed. The leaves are long-petiolate, heart-shaped, pointed, shiny. The peduncle is approximately equal in length to the leaves. The spathe is flat, with a pointed top, one-sided, and during flowering the inside is snow-white.

Flowers without perianth, small, bisexual. There are 6 stamens, rarely more. The ovary is unilocular, with a sessile stigma. The fruit is red berries with abundant mucilage surrounding the seeds; collected in a short thick cob. Blooms in the first half of summer.

Horsetail
(Equisetum palustre L.

) horsetail family
Perennial plant 10-40 cm tall. The stem is jointed, with hollow internodes.

Marsh perennial herbaceous plant of the araceae family

The leaves are reduced to small scale-like teeth, fused into toothed sheaths enclosing the bases of the internodes. It has a long rhizome, on which nodules filled with starch often form. Stems are 3-4 mm in diameter, sharply angular-furrowed, usually branched. Sheaths with 5-8 broadly lanceolate, black-brown or black teeth. Spore-bearing and vegetative shoots are almost identical, always green. The spikelets are usually solitary; rarely, spikelets are found on lateral branches.

In this case, the lower branches can reach the same height as the upper ones. Distributed throughout Russia. It grows along the banks of reservoirs, in swamps and marshy meadows. One of the most poisonous horsetails.

Alder sticky or black
(Alnus glutinosa L.) birch family
Tree up to 35 meters tall, often multi-stemmed.

The bark is dark brown, young shoots are reddish or olive-brown. The leaves are round or obovate, crenate-toothed, notched at the apex. Dark green, glossy, sticky when blooming. Anther catkins are terminal, collected in racemes of 3-5, pendulous. Women's earrings are “cones”.

Collected in groups of 3-5 on legs that are usually longer than them. Nuts with a leathery, very narrow wing, reddish-brown, flattened, up to 2.5 mm. Blooms in April. The seeds ripen in September-October. Spreads by seeds. Lives up to 100 years. Nodules containing nitrogen-fixing actinomycetes are developed on the roots. Distributed in all regions of Central Russia. Forms extensive frequent plantings in low-lying, often flooded swamps (alder swamps), as well as along rivers and forest streams.

Lady's slipper
(Cypripedium calceolus L.) orchid family
A genus of plants from the orchid family, characteristic of the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere.

About 20 species of herbaceous plants with large single flowers at the tops of the stems. The two outer petals are fused almost to the top, the lip is swollen in the shape of a shoe, with two lobes at the base. In the forests of Russia and Western Europe there are: yellow lady's slipper (C.

Calceolus L.) with red-brown flowers and a yellow lip, V. b. red (C. macranthum Sw.) - blood-red flowers and V. b. speckled (C. guttatum Sw.) with green and purple petals with white spots.

Typical plants of raised bogs

Naumburgia racemosaceae
(Naumburgia thrirsiflora Rchb.)
Grass 25-40 cm high.

The rhizome is long, creeping, with shoots. Stems are erect, reddish pubescent or almost glabrous. The leaves are sessile, opposite, less often whorled, 5-10 cm long and 0.5-2.5 cm wide. The flowers are small in dense axillary racemes. The lobes of the calyx and corolla include 6-7 pieces, less often 5. The corolla is yellow with red-brown dots, 5-6 mm long.

Blooms in summer.

Cotton grass
(Eriophorum polystachyon L.) sedge family
Perennial with an elongated horizontal rhizome.

The stem is 20-70 cm tall. Leaf blades are 3-5 mm wide, bluish-green, usually grooved at the bottom, with a long trihedron at the top; all leaves have a tongue in the form of a narrow filmy strip. Spikelets number 3-7, on drooping smooth or rough peduncles, 10-15 mm long during flowering, and 3.5-4 cm long during fruiting.

The covering scales are brownish-gray or reddish, usually white-membranous at the edges and on top. Anthers 3-5 mm long. The fruits are 2.5-3 mm long and up to 1 mm wide, almost black, glossy.

Blooms in May-June, bears fruit in June-July.

Shiksha Siberian
(Empetrum sibiricum V.Vassil.) Family of cactus.
Low creeping shrub, highly branched from the base. The bark of old branches is red-brown; young branches are elongated, covered with curly hairs and sessile glands. Leaves are 5 - 7 mm long, narrow-linear, alternate or false whorled-close, loosely located, directed downward, wrinkled when dry, slightly shiny, almost matte, young leaves with glands along the edge on noticeable legs.

The flowers are small, solitary, in the leaf axils at the tops of the branches, three-dimensional, with several bracts, unisexual or bisexual. The fruit is a black spherical drupe, about 5 mm in diameter, with 6 - 9 seeds.

Grows in humid forests, bushes and sphagnum bogs. Distribution: Central Siberian Plateau, Sayan Mountains, Sayano-Baikal region, Baikal Highlands, Dauria in the basin of the lower Argun and Shilka rivers, the river basin. Gazimur.

Pemphigus vulgare
(Utricularia vulgaris L.) bladderwort family
A plant with stems up to 1 m long immersed in water.

Trapper bubbles up to 3.5 mm long sit on green leaves. The leaves are repeatedly pinnately dissected, up to 5 cm long, arranged spirally. Leaf lobules and outer segments with cilia. Corolla 12-22 mm in diameter, orange-yellow with reddish-brown stripes; upper lip with turned-up edges, shorter or slightly longer than the protuberances in the lower lip.

The spur is long (up to 9 mm) and thin (2 mm). The anthers of the stamens are stuck together. The pedicels bend in an arched manner after flowering. Blooms in the second half of summer.

Blueberry
(Vaccinium myrtyllus L.) lingonberry family
Deciduous shrub with sharp-edged branches.

The leaves are thin, light green, turning red in autumn in open areas. The shape is ovoid and elliptical, finely serrated, 1-3 cm long. Flowers solitary, drooping. Corolla is pitcher-spherical, 3-4 cm long with 4-5 teeth. Anthers with long appendages. The berry is spherical, 6-8 mm in diameter, black, usually with a bluish coating or less often, without a coating, shiny.

Blooms in spring.

Podbel multifolia
(Andromeda polifolia L.) Ericaceae family
The leaves are oblong-oval to linear, with curled edges on top with a depressed middle vein, green, shiny, matte white underneath with a waxy coating, 1-2.5 cm long. The racemes contain 2-6 flowers on long (up to 1.5 cm) pink stalks; flowers drooping, pink, 5-6 mm long; corolla pubescent inside.

The anthers are dark red. The style is slightly shorter than the corolla. The capsule is spherical, 2-5 mm long. Blooms in spring and early summer.

Blueberry
(Vaccinium uliginosum L.) lingonberry family
Blueberry - the healthiest berry. Contains organic acids, vitamins, sugar, tannins.

It is also rich in biologically active substances, thanks to which it is useful in the treatment of radiation sickness and many other serious diseases. Blueberries, like honeysuckle berries, stimulate the secretion of gastric juice and increase its digestive function. They are recommended for use in cases of gastric catarrh, enterocolitis, dysentery, pyelitis, and scurvy.

AIR, IR

(?). A marsh plant from the araceae family, native to Asia, its rhizome, under the name “iry root”, is used in medicine.

Dictionary foreign words, included in the Russian language. - Chudinov A.N., 1910 .

(Turk. genus of perennial herbaceous plants family. aroids, growing along the banks of rivers and lakes; The rhizome (irg root) contains essential oil used in the perfumery and confectionery industries, as well as in medicine.

New dictionary of foreign words. - by EdwART,, 2009 .

[Turkic ] – perennial herbaceous marsh plant from the araceae family; rhizome, so-called calamus root, used in medicine and perfumery

Big dictionary foreign words.- Publishing house "IDDK", 2007 .

Air

A, m. (tour. agir Greek akoros).
bot A perennial herbaceous plant growing along the banks of rivers and lakes; Calamus root contains essential oil.

Explanatory dictionary of foreign words by L. P. Krysin. - M: Russian language, 1998 .

See what "AIR" is in other dictionaries:

AIR is the family of the first aircraft of Alexander Sergeevich Yakovlev. Named in honor of the Chairman of the Central Council of Osoaviakhim Alexey Ivanovich Rykov. For 1927 1933 10 types of aircraft were created from AIR 1 to AIR 10. As well as a family of asynchronous... ... Wikipedia

AIR- autonomous spark gap marked AIR Dictionary: Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations of the army and special services. Comp. A. A. Shchelokov. M.: AST Publishing House LLC, Geleos Publishing House CJSC, 2003. 318 p. AIR Example of using AIR 140 AIR... ...

Designation of aircraft created by A. S. Yakovlev in 1927 1937. At the beginning of Yakovlev’s activity as an aircraft designer, the practice of assigning individual names to some aircraft, including the names of prominent government... ... Encyclopedia of technology

AIR-- autonomous spark gap marked AIR Dictionary: Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations of the army and special services. Comp. A. A. Shchelokov. M.: AST Publishing House LLC, Geleos Publishing House CJSC, 2003. 318 p. AIR Example of using AIR 140... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations

AIR Encyclopedia "Aviation"

AIR- AIR designation of aircraft created by A. S. Yakovlev in 192737. At the beginning of Yakovlev’s activity as an aircraft designer, the practice of assigning individual names to some aircraft, including the names of prominent... ... Encyclopedia "Aviation"

See Incense reed (calamus) ... Bible Encyclopedia Brockhaus

AIR, calamus, plural. no, husband (bot.). Swamp plant with long leaves. “Who steers an oar so deftly through calamus and kupir?” A.K. Tolstoy. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

A calamus, calamus m. A perennial herbaceous plant of the araceae family, the rhizome of which, the calamus root, contains essential oil used in pharmacology, in the perfumery and confectionery industries. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary Russian language Efremova

- (Acorus), a genus of perennial grasses of the family. aronnikov. The leaves (up to 1 m long) are xiphoid, the rhizome is thick, creeping. The flowers are collected into a spadix. Blooms from early summer to autumn. Reproduces vegetatively by rhizomes. 2 species widespread in... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary

Books

• Revelations of a polyglot corporal of the missile army of the sixties, V.V. Sorokin. In this book, the author of which is a polyglot translator and teacher of foreign languages, he tells in a simple and entertaining way how quite instructive and intellectually intense...
• Kolyma expedition through the eyes of an amateur (diary of someone who wanted to get involved in geology), V.V. Sorokin. The book, presented in the form of a diary, tells in a simple and concise form about a typical summer geological season, which the author experienced himself, spending about six months in...

At the White Orchid garden center large selection perennial plants to decorate the garden, you can choose plants so that the garden is blooming with early spring until late autumn.

The collection of the White Orchid garden center includes both beautifully flowering perennials and decorative deciduous ones that have ornamental foliage and allow you to put the necessary accents in flower beds.

Wolfsbane, fighter- tuberous perennial plant.

Tubers that produce flowering shoots completely die off in the fall, along with the stems and roots. Daughter buds of renewal, developing on the lowest part of the annual stem and having by this time formed their own autonomous roots and even basal rosettes of leaves, become isolated, forming a colony of young plants. The height of aconite is 70-100 cm, flowers are up to 4 cm long, irregular, with a large helmet, purple.

In the collection of the White Orchid garden center there is a garden form of aconite - two-color, violet and white. Blooms from July to September. Frost-resistant, poisonous, undemanding to soil, tolerates light shading.

- a perennial plant with a branched rhizome growing upward.

Small flowers are collected in graceful elongated paniculate inflorescences. The colors of the flowers are varied - white, cream, pink, red, lilac. Blooms in June-July. Prefers well-moistened, semi-shaded places. Propagated by dividing bushes in spring or late summer.

- a widespread perennial plant, a bush 20-30 cm high. Aster is light-loving and cold-resistant. Grows well in light, permeable soils, well-amended with organic and mineral fertilizers. Alpine aster blooms in May-June. The inflorescences are single, diameter from 2 to 4 cm. During the dry period, alpine aster needs regular watering. Asters are propagated by dividing the bush, immediately after flowering.

- perennial plant. The rhizome is terrestrial, creeping, thick. The leaves are very large, round, leathery, shiny, form beautiful picturesque rosettes that remain under the snow in winter and dry out only in the 3rd year. In autumn the leaves take on a beautiful color. Bergenia is unpretentious - it grows well on any soil, except wetlands, in sunny places, in partial shade and even in heavy shade. Flowering - spring-early summer. Propagated by dividing rhizomes in spring.

- perennial herbaceous plant. The bush grows to the sides, forming thickets. The leaves are round-heart-shaped, rough, on a long petiole. The flowers are small, sky blue, in loose paniculate inflorescences, blooming in early spring.

Brunner prefers loose, fertile soils. Shade-tolerant. Winter-hardy.

Propagated by sowing seeds and dividing rhizomes in the fall.

- bush 80-150 cm high. Leaves are palm-shaped, deeply dissected. The flowers are small yellow in a narrow racemose inflorescence, blooming from July to autumn.

Buzulnik is light-loving, but also tolerates light partial shade, is winter-hardy, and grows well on any cultivated soil.

Buzulniks reproduce by sowing seeds and dividing rhizomes in the spring.

- perennial corm plant. The flowers are pinkish-lilac and grow well in fertilized, moist sandy loam soil... Planted in the ground in the fall to a depth of 8-10 cm. Colchicum can grow in one place for several years. For the winter, the colchicum should be covered with fallen leaves and dry branches.

Colchicums bloom in autumn and bloom in a leafless state.

Loosestrife (Lysimachia)- rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, winter-hardy.

Moisture-loving, blooms from May to July.

Monetary loosestrife is very good as a ground cover plant.

- a perennial herbaceous plant that grows well in sunny places in any garden soil.

Planted in borders, mixborders. Low-growing species of speedwells are well suited for rocky gardens.

Speedwells are propagated by division, cuttings and sowing seeds.

- rhizomatous perennial, the whole plant is densely pubescent, flowers are solitary, 3-6 cm in diameter, white or cream.

They prefer light, loose, fertile, well-drained and sufficiently moist soil. Anemone tolerates partial shade well and blooms in June.

Propagated by root suckers and seeds.

- an excellent plant for decorating flower beds. Perennial carnations are good as low curbs, they form lush bluish-gray pillows, and they also fit very organically into the composition among the stones. Garden carnation flowers have their own unique spicy aroma. Carnation prefers open sunny places, well-drained soil. Propagated by sowing seeds and cuttings.

- a perennial plant up to 1.5 meters high, with erect, densely leafy stems, which at the end of the growing season die off along with the roots; by this time, renewal buds on the underground part of the annual stem form their roots and overwintering leaf rosettes.

Thus, Helenium does not have a perennial rhizome, and the “bushes” are colonies of independent plants.

Young plantings of helenium are more winter-hardy; in old bushes, renewal buds are at ground level or higher and can freeze in winters with little snow, so it is better to cover old bushes with earth for the winter.

Autumn helenium blooms in the second half of summer, the color of the flowers ranges from golden yellow to bronze-red. Helenium propagates by sowing seeds, as well as by dividing bushes. Prefers light fertile soils, open sunny places.

- herbaceous perennial, blooms in June-July with graceful small drooping bells.

Heuchera is light-loving, but also tolerates partial shade, is cold-resistant, and prefers light, fertile soils.

Propagated by seeds, dividing the bush in early spring.

- a little common perennial. Low-growing plants with bell-shaped dark or light blue flowers. Grows well in partial shade.

Gentian is winter-hardy, but requires shelter in winters with little snow. Propagated by dividing bushes and freshly collected seeds, which are sown before winter.

- a perennial with a straight hollow stem, 1-1.5 m high. Delphinium is light-loving, prefers loamy, fertile soils.

They reproduce by seeds, by dividing bushes, and it is better to divide bushes in the spring.

Delphinium inflorescences are very decorative and are often used for cutting.

- moisture-loving perennial.

The flowers are lilac-pink, collected in long spike-shaped inflorescences.

Very good for planting near ponds. Winter-hardy, unpretentious.

- broken heart. A very interesting herbaceous plant with elegant pink or pink-red flowers in the shape of hearts. Dicentra blooms in late May - early June, is winter-hardy, but requires shelter in winters with little snow.

Prefers open or slightly shaded places, light, humus-rich soil. Propagated by dividing bushes and stem cuttings.

- a perennial short-rhizome plant with creeping shoots that take root in the nodes. Flowering is long-lasting; the plant can bear both flowers and ripening berries at the same time.

Dushenia is very unpretentious and winter-hardy. Duchenia is often used as a ground cover plant that replaces a lawn.

There are several types of irises in White Orchid.

- This is the most common class of irises. Home them distinctive feature- This is a beard on the central vein of the outer perianth lobes. To successfully overwinter, bearded irises need light winter cover. grow well on sandy loam and sandy soils. For planting, it is better to choose a sunny place, protected from the winds. Bearded irises reproduce by dividing the rhizomes immediately after flowering.

- frost-resistant plant. Unlike bearded irises, these irises are moisture-loving, their flowers are more elegant, and there is no beard.

Siberian iris propagates by dividing the bush, and the planting unit must have at least 2 leaf bunches.

- an ideal plant for the lazy gardener. Absolutely unpretentious. One can say about the marsh iris - “I planted it and forgot it.”

Grows well both in the sun and in the shade, is frost-resistant, and tolerates excess moisture. The height of the bush is 1-1.5 meters.

- also quite an interesting plant for lazy gardeners; its main requirement is an open sunny place without stagnant water. Winters well, retains leaves well until frost.

It blooms in June with graceful bluish flowers. Propagated by dividing the bush and seeds.

- perennial herbaceous plant.

Grows well in moist, sandy or loamy soils.

Blooms in May-June.

Propagated by dividing bushes, individual rosettes and seeds.

- a herbaceous perennial plant that grows well in open areas and fertile soils.

Flowering from June to September. Propagated by seeds or dividing the bush. Frost-resistant. Often self-seeding.

- herbaceous rhizomatous perennial. The bush reaches a height of 70 cm, flowers are single, 6-7 cm in diameter, single, orange.

The swimsuit blooms in June-July. The plant is winter-hardy and moisture-loving. Optimal growing conditions are moist, loose, fertile soil. The swimsuit grows well in partial shade. Propagated by dividing bushes and sowing seeds.

- the closest relative of the lily of the valley. In the collection of the White Orchid garden center, the kupena is presented in a variegated form - there is a white border along the leaf.

The plant is unpretentious, winter-hardy, grows well in partial shade. Propagated by dividing rhizomes.

A lumbago - an open snowdrop, a dream-grass. Frost-resistant, grows well in open places with sufficiently moist soil, but can also grow in the shade.

Decorative not only during flowering, but also during fruiting, the lumbago has very interesting fluffy silky fruits. See more about lumbago.

Primrose, primrose- a perennial winter-hardy plant. Primulas grow well and bloom profusely in the spring in semi-shaded places on well-fertilized, sufficiently moist soil. At long-term cultivation in one place it is necessary to add nutritious soil to the base of the bush to protect the primrose from freezing.

Primroses reproduce by seeds and by dividing bushes.

Day-lily- here is another one of the favorite plants for the lazy gardener. Daylily is also called daylily, because each of its flowers lives only for a day. The plant is unpretentious, but prefers fertile and sufficiently moist soils; it grows in both sun and partial shade. Propagated by dividing the bush.

Cuff, alchemilla- an interesting perennial plant. Unpretentious, winter-hardy. It can grow both in open places and in the shade. In the White Orchid garden center, soft cuff is grown. She prefers light, fertile, sufficiently moist soils. It blooms with small, inconspicuous yellow-green flowers. Very good for the foreground in a flower border - has a bush beautiful shape. Its most important property is that it “knows how” to push excess moisture out of the leaves. This is truly a magical sight - the cuff along the edge of the sheet is entirely decorated with a necklace of large transparent beads.

Sedum, sedum- an unpretentious perennial plant. Grows well in any soil except wet, marshy soils. Prefers open sunny places. Propagated by dividing bushes and cuttings from stems.

Phlox subulate- creeping perennial. The flowers are small, numerous, white, pink, blue or purple in color, completely covering the shoots so that no leaves are visible during the flowering period. Phlox subulate propagates by cuttings. An ideal plant for rocky gardens. Although phlox is subulate and winter-hardy, it is still better to cover it with a light covering material for the winter.