In short passive participles n is written. A13. Н-НН in suffixes of words of different parts of speech

The topic of the Russian language “Spelling “n” and “nn” in adjectives” is familiar to every schoolchild. However, after graduating from a general education institution, many people begin to forget the most simple rules and commit large number errors while creating any text. In this regard, we decided to remind you of the cases in which the suffixes “n” and “nn” are written in adjectives. You will also be presented with some exceptions to the current rules. They should be remembered.

Definition of part of speech

They call the nominative which denotes a non-procedural attribute of an object, and also acts in a sentence as a definition or a nominal part of the predicate and answers the the following questions: “which?”, “which?”, “which?”, and also “whose?” and “which ones?”

General information

“Spelling “n” and “nn” in adjectives” is a very important topic in the Russian language. After all, without knowledge of such simple rules, it is quite difficult to compose a literate text or even a letter.

It should be especially noted that adjectives can be formed both from nouns and from verbs. Knowing these basics will allow you to better understand how many “n”s you need to write in a given case.

Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives derived from nouns

So, let's figure out together in what cases you should use -nn-:

Which adjectives that come from nouns are spelled "n"?

Now you know in what cases the suffixes -NN- are written in adjectives (-ONN-, -ENN-, etc.) if they are formed from nouns. However, this is not enough to compose the text correctly. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the spelling rules of the suffixes -in-, -yan- and -an-:

1. In adjectives that are derived from nouns using the above suffixes, only 1 letter “n” is always written. Let's give an example: leather (leather), sparrow (sparrow), clay (clay), pigeon (dove), wax (wax), crane (crane), wood (firewood), nightingale (nightingale), etc. However, all rules have your exceptions. In this case, the words are “glass”, “wooden” and “tin”. They contain 2 letters “nn”, and you should definitely remember them.
2. In adjectives that are formed without using any suffixes. Let's give an example: green (green). You also need to remember the following words: spicy, rosy, porky, young and united.

How many "n"s are there in adjective names that come from adjectives?

2 letters “n” are written if adjective names are formed from adjectives by adding the suffix -enn-, which indicates a greater measure of any attribute. Let's give an example: hefty, tall or wide.

Important notes regarding the rules described

The spelling of “n” and “nn” in adjectives also has the following features:

Spelling "nn" in adjectives and participles derived from verbs

So, 2 letters “n” should be written if:

1. Adjectives are formed from verbs with prefixes. Moreover, the prefix “non” almost never affects the spelling of “n” or “nn”. Thus, in an adjective with you should not write the same number of letters “n” as in an adjective without this prefix. Let's give an example: (tied, beveled, built).
2. If there are suffixes such as -eva- or -ova-. Let's give an example: an organized excursion, an uprooted forest, etc.). The following words are exceptions: chewed And forged. In this case, ov- and ev- are part of the root, and are not suffixes.
3. If the sentence contains any dependent word (for example, wicker).
4. If the adjective is formed from a verb that has a perfect form (for example, solved). The exception is the word “wounded”.

Spelling "n" in adjectives derived from verbs

One letter "n" is written in adjectives that are derived from verbs without the use of prefixes. Let's give an example: uncut, knitted. The exceptions are the following words: sacred, slow, unprecedented, unexpected, desired, unheard, unexpected and unexpected.

Letters "n", "nn" in short adjectives

In addition to the full names of adjectives, the Russian language also has short forms. To understand how "n" and "nn" are written in short adjectives, you should remember the rules about overweight people. After all, they are the same for both forms.

Here's an example:

Important notes on the material covered

To finally understand how to write adjectives (with “n” or “nn”), you need to consider the following features:

1. Usually the suffixes -yan- and -an- give the meaning “intended for something” or “made of a certain material.” For example: wood, clothes; sandy, clay.

2. To compose a text correctly, you should distinguish between adjectives whose spelling is related to their meaning.

Windy, that is, “with the wind” (windy weather). Wind powered, that is, “powered by the power of the wind” (wind pump). In the phrase " chicken pox» the name of the adjective is written with 1 letter "n". This is due to the fact that this word comes from “chickenpox”.

Buttered, that is, “soaked in oil” (butter porridge). Oily, that is, “flattering” (oily voice). Butter, that is, “diluted in butter” (butter cookies).

Silver, that is, “subjected to silvering” (silver device). Silver, that is, “made of silver” (silver bottle).

Salty, that is, “containing salt” (salted fish). Solyanoy, that is, “consisting of salt” (salt column).

The Russian language is so diverse that most people get the impression that it is impossible to master the material, but this is not so.

It is necessary to remember a number of rules, one of which is “Spelling “n” and “nn” in participles.” It will help any schoolchild, student and experienced person in correct design text and exercises.

Spelling "N" and "NN" in participles

When to write one "N"

If there is no prefix at the beginning of a word, then a single letter is written. Options: more powerful n sunny streets, heat n y potatoes. The participle turns into an adjective.

If a word consists of two verbal units and is overloaded with symbols, a single version is also written. Option: smoother n y-re-smooth n th tie. Such a word also has the meaning of an adjective, its best quality.

It turns out that the semantic meaning of a word depends on its spelling, as well as its type.

Two "NN" in participles

In suffixes of passive participles, a double “n” is placed.

This happens when a prefix is ​​placed in a word:

• re right nn th book;
• cut piece;
• for paved roads;
• re fried potatoes;
• re it seems nn oh road;
• teacher never clone

Double "N" is written in participles without prefixes in perfective forms. Options: captivity nn oh, broche nn oh, decide nn y. And also in those participles that are formed from the aspect of the imperfect. Options: chita nn oh, I hear nn y.

“N” and “NN” in verbal adjectives

When to write "N"

Verb-based adjectives are not like participles - they do not use the usual prefix. Thus, words created on the basis of a verb and not containing a prefix are adjectives. Examples: chewing n y leaf, kova n oh nail, smarten up n oh boy, I guess n oh way, kvashe n oh cabbage.

Prefix NOT does not affect words, a single letter is written. Spelling options: uninvited n oh cat, that doesn't look right n y ravine.

One letter is written in compound adjectives, which have two roots and two meanings. Examples: whole cut n th(tailored entirely) Zlatokova n th(forged from gold).

There are expressions with different meanings. For example, name n th friend. It is an adjective (verbal) and has the meaning not of being a native, but of being a brother in case of some circumstances.

But there is another option - name nn y in honor of someone. It turns out that the person was given a name in honor of his grandmother and grandfather. Such a word will be a participle, and will be written with two letters .

Cases of writing "NN"

"Being ra nn Otherwise, the officer remained in the division.” This sentence replaces the following phrase: “Soldier injured, but he did not leave his combat territory."

In this case, the opposite phenomenon occurs, degeneration into the sacrament occurs.

Double N is written in cases of using “OVANNYY” and “YOVANNYY” - those that are not included in the root. Options: granted title, uprooted path.

Exceptions

Exceptional Memory Options : form nn oh, what's up nn oh, I wish nn oh, jama nn oh, slow down nn oh, unseen nn oh, bad luck nn oh, I'm awake nn oh (eye), unexpected nn oh, unheard of nn oh, no way nn oh, okay nn oh, sacred nn oh, I think nn oh, wow nn oh, check nn y.

Spelling "N" and "NN" in adjectives formed from nouns

One letter is placed in the suffix part of the word " AN", « YAN" And " IN". Options: rye, tar, pigeon.

In combinations " ENN" And " ONN" double letters are used. Options: stone, window. In this case, a single letter “N” is for the root, and another for the suffix.

But there are exceptional options: glass Jann oh, tin Jann y, tree Jann oh, wind en y. They should be remembered.

How to choose whether to write “n” or “nn” in adjectives and participles

We have reviewed different options using and writing "N" inside participles and adjectives. Based on the analyzed material, the following conclusion can be drawn.

All participles are written with double “H”. All adjective words originally created from a verb use one “N”, except for exception words that need to be remembered.

Adjectives that begin with nouns are written with two letters “N” if one letter is placed in the root part and the other in the suffix. With one letter " N", if it is located directly in the suffix part.

Don't forget about special words that need to be remembered. And finally, a few examples of applying the rule.

From the lesson “Н and НН in the suffixes of passive participles and verbal adjectives” you will learn new rules of the Russian language. To spell a word correctly, you will need to answer a series of questions. The answer to each of them will help you quickly decide how to correctly write suffixes of passive participles and verbal adjectives.

To remember this rule, consider the following poem:

I write in personal names NN

I'm on junction of two morphemes

Or in suffixes - onn-/-enn-,

And also in the words of the windows,

To each of us familiar:

Wooden, tin and, of course, glass.

IN -in-, -an-, -yang-

Only one thing N I'll write -

And no problem.

1. See if the word has a suffix -ova- or - Eve-.

If such a suffix There is write nn

ballnn th

risknn th

Please note. In words chewed, forged-eva- and -ova- are part of the root.

If such a suffix No see next point

2. See if the word contains prefix (except consoles Not- And semi-).

If the prefix There is write nn

chewing nn th

kova nn th

The console itself Not- does not affect the writing of one or two letters N in suffixes, but the word may also have another prefix. For example, in the word not about chewed there are two prefixes ( Not- And pro-), so in this case two letters are written in the suffix N .

If consoles No see next point

3. See if the word has dependent words, that is, those words to which you can ask questions, for example:

If dependent words There is write nn

If dependent words No check whether the word is included in the lists of exception words, in which one or two are always written N

Always write two letters N in words:

One letter is always written N in words:

pisa n oh beauty

finally n th person

simpler n oh sunday

If points 1-3 of the algorithm gave a negative answer, and your word was not in the list of exception words, you need to proceed with a deeper check.

4. Look at what verb the word is formed from.

imperfect form write one letter n

scrap n 1st line(from the imperfective verb break)

ironed trousers (iron)

If it is formed from a verb perfect form write nn

purchased toys(from the perfective verb buy)

Word wounded (wounded) can be written with one or two letters N . If it is an adjective, it is written with one n , and if it is a participle, then it is written with two. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the meaning of the word.

Adjective wounded stands for permanent sign of quality, and participle wounded stands for temporary sign. For example:

The wounded soldiers talked and joked.

In this case wounded- this is an adjective that denotes a constant attribute, the quality of a noun soldiers.

Being wounded, the soldier remained in service for another half hour.

In this case wounded- this participle denotes a temporal sign.

Please note:

In combinations like ironed-re-ironed, worn-worn one letter is written n, since these words are considered adjectives.

IN difficult words formed from verbal adjectives and participles, the same number of letters are written n , how many in the original words:

fresh ice cream n th And fresh frozen nn th

In nouns and adverbs formed from participles and verbal adjectives, the same number of letters is also written n, how many in the original words:

brought up nn IR

chosen nn IR

slower nn O

ice cream n oh

smoked n awns

IN short participles one letter is always written N. Short adjectives formed from verbs have two letters N. For example:

Children raised n s father.

In this case brought up- this is a short participle.

Children raised nn s and education nn s.

In this case brought up And educated- verbal adjectives in short form.

How can we distinguish whether this is a short participle or a short adjective? It is necessary to remember morphological characteristics these two parts of speech. The participle expresses a sign as the result of an action. Short form participles can be replaced by a verb combination. For example:

The children were raised by their father. - The children were raised by their father.

A short adjective can only be replaced with a full one. It denotes the quality of the item:

Children are well-mannered and educated. (And also smart, beautiful, talented)

Here are short adjectives.

asphaltnn oh road- in a word asphalted there is a suffix -ova-, therefore it is written nn;

glass nn veranda- in a word glazed there is a prefix for-, therefore it is written nn;

more beautiful n 1st bench- word painted derived from the verb color, this is an imperfective verb, so we write one letter n;

more beautiful nn my mistress- in a word unmade up there is a prefix Not-, but after this prefix there is still a prefix on-, so we write two letters n;

bench painted yesterday- at the word painted there is a dependent word ( yesterday), so we write nn.

References

1. Ra-z-umovskaya M.M., Lvo-va S.I. and others. “Russian language. 7th grade." Textbook. - 13th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2009.
2. Ba-ra-no-va M.T., La-dy-zhen-skaya T.A. and others. “Russian language. 7th grade." Textbook. - 34th ed. - M.: Pro-sve-shche-nie, 2012.
3. "Russian language. Practice. 7th grade." / Ed. Pime-no-voy S.N. - 19th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2012.
4. Lvo-va S.I., Lvov V.V. "Russian language. 7th grade. At 3 o'clock." 8th ed. - M.: I-mo-zi-na, 2012.

1. School-assistant.ru ().
2. Google.com.ua ().
3. Gramma.ru ().
4. Youtube.com().

Homework

1. Paste n or nn:

Cut vegetables, impromptu performance, uninvited guest, dyed hair, missed chance, squashed grapes

2. Paste n or nn:

The herbs sown in the fallow field sprouted well. The harvesting of the sowed grass has begun. The table for invited guests was covered with a crocheted tablecloth. There were few guests invited for the evening; only close friends showed up. The city was landscaped with asphalt and paving stone roads. It was difficult to travel along the weak road.

3. Paste n or nn:

The dress is made of plain dyed fabric. Fresh frozen meat delivered. Among the museum treasures was a precious gold casket.

4. Paste n or nn:

All the attention of the audience is focused on the development of the action of the play. The student's face is serious and concentrated. The aspirations of our youth are lofty. Many ordinary people were elevated by Peter 1. The area is limited by mountains. Gogol's Box was very limited. The sea is excited strong wind. The young man's face is excited.

First you need to understand in what form worth the adjective:

Then you need to find out from what part of speech word formed: from noun or from verb.

Tasks and tests on the topic “Spelling “n” and “nn” in adjectives and participles”

• Spelling participles - Communion 7th grade

  Lessons: 3 Assignments: 12 Tests: 1

• Spelling of participles, participial phrase

  Lessons: 4 Assignments: 11 Tests: 2

• Spelling adjectives - Adjective 6th grade

  Lessons: 5 Assignments: 10 Tests: 1

• Adjective as part of speech - Morphology. Independent parts of speech grade 10

Participle and adjective. These two parts of speech have so much in common that it is often difficult to distinguish which is which. But error-free spelling depends on the correct definition. This also applies to the rules governing the use of N and NN in adjectives and participles.

Participle: one or two n

A participle is a verb form that contains both verbal and adjective features. When thinking about how many N's to use when writing a participle, keep in mind that there are always two N's in this part of speech.

However, there is a special group - verbal participles. N and NN and the subtleties of their spelling in these parts of speech will be discussed in detail below, but for now we will give examples of the basic rule. In full passive participles with suffixes -nn- and -enn- Two letters N are always written, provided:

1. The sacrament has a prefix, for example: a plowed field, stewed vegetables, fried fish.
2. The presence of words dependent on it in the participle: fish dried on the balcony, apples soaked in a barrel, a field plowed in the morning.
3. This is a perfect participle: a purchased cloak, a solved equation, a captured warrior.
4. The formation of the participle involved a verb with a suffix -ova-(-eva-, -irova-): paved road (pave), explored area (explore).

If at least one of these conditions is met, you can safely use two letters N.

One N in adjectives

The situation with adjectives is much more complicated. Here, the spelling of one H or two depends on many factors.

Let's consider cases when one H is needed:

1. If the adjective has suffixes -in-, -an-(-yan-). The first, as a rule, refers to an animal (eagle's beak, rooster's tail, swan's fidelity). The second indicates what the item is made of: leather belt, oil paint (oil-based paint, should be distinguished from the word oiled in the meaning soaked in oil - an oily pancake), silver spoon (also should be distinguished from the word silver, with an emphasis on e - meaning y the word “treated with silver”, the word in this meaning has the suffix -en-). This clause has three words that are exceptions: glass, tin, wood.
2. In adjectives in the formation of which no part of speech was involved (primitives): blue, young. Such adjectives do not have a suffix.
3. Exception word - adjective windy, here you need to write one H, but its derivatives with prefixes will have NN: the weather was calm, we approached from the leeward side. It is also worth distinguishing a word from another lexical meaning: wind (powered by wind) - wind engine, chicken pox.

NN in adjectives

NN should be written for adjectives in the following cases:

1. The letters stand at the junction of the root and the suffix: depth - deep; fog - foggy; million - millionth.
2. The adjective is formed using suffixes -enn-, -onn-: operational (from operation), station (station), intentional (to intend).
3. Ending with -ovanny (-evanny): pampered, painted, organized.

Verbal adjective

There is a whole group of adjectives - verbal ones. It is with their distinction that mistakes are made in the text and the rules N and НН in participles are incorrectly applied. Why? The fact is that they have a very pronounced meaning of action: fried, steamed, boiled. The rule “spelling N and NN in participles” does not apply to them. In verbal forms of an adjective, one N is always used.

Such adjectives have a number of specific features, by which one can easily guess that this is the part of speech that we have in front of us:

1. No attachment. Let's compare: painted - painted. The second word has a prefix, so the rule “N and NN in participles” applies to it - NN should be used. And here's the first one - verbal adjective, which must be written with one N.
2. No dependent words. Let's compare: a confused trace is a trace confused with special care. In the first case, we observe a verbal adjective, in which we write one N (there are no dependent words). They exist in the second case - we write, according to the rule “N and NN in participles”, with two N.

Verbal adjective or participle: algorithm

You can determine the spelling of N and NN in adjectives and participles using an algorithm, the main thing of which is to correctly recognize the part of speech. It must be remembered that the participle requires the placement of two Hs, and the verbal adjective requires one. Let's look at two examples.

• First: Boiled water is poured into the carafe . First, let’s determine the presence of a prefix: the verb “boil” is used in the formation of the word, and accordingly, the prefix is ​​missing. Next, let's see if there are dependent words. There are none. If these two points do not coincide, then most likely we have a verbal adjective. The only thing left to do is to check what type of verb the word is formed from. Boil (what to do? - imperfect form). This means that the rule “spelling N and NN in participles” does not work here. This name is an adjective - we write one letter N.
• Second: Freshly boiled water is poured into the carafe . We look for the presence of a prefix: boiled, formed from the verb “boil” using a prefix -all-. Although we could stop here, apply the rule “N and НН in participles” and write two N, let’s check further. At the word « boiled" is a dependent word - "recently", which means that we are clearly facing a participle.

So, briefly, the algorithm for using N and NN in participle suffixes comes down to the following: we determine whether the word has prefixes or dependent words. If there is, this is a participle, where NN is written. If there is neither one nor the other, we check the type of the verb that participated in the formation of the word: imperfect - one H, perfect - NN.

Spelling N and NN in short adjectives and participles

Another aspect of the rule regarding the use of N or NN in participles and adjectives is their short forms.

The short form of the adjective answers the questions “what?” », “what? » This form requires as many letters N as are used in full form: solemn speech - solemn speech, long way - long way, mysterious nature - nature is mysterious or a wounded fighter - a wounded fighter, windy weather - windy weather, confused rule - confused rule.

In short participles, one N is always used, even if there are two in the full form. For example: lessons learned - lessons learned, newspaper read - newspaper read, poem written - poem written, house built - house built.