Oktyabrsky village"
"Medicinal plants native land»
Research work.
Rozhentsev Vova - 4th grade student
Bokhan Zinaida Aleksandrovna - primary school teacher
2010 – 2011
Study plan .
1.Introduction.
2. Information about medicinal plants.
2.1.History of the use of medicinal plants.
2.2.Proper collection of plants.
2.3. Herbarium.
3.Medicinal plants of our region.
4.Production of the collection:
Plant collection;
Decoration.
5. Conclusion.
Purpose of the study:
Get acquainted with the variety of medicinal plants of your native land.
Research objectives:
Find out the features external structure, beneficial properties of medicinal plants;
Learn to recognize plants in herbarium specimens and photographs;
Draw a conclusion on the work done.
Introduction.
I live in a rural area. Around our village there is a lot beautiful places. I like to be in the pine forest. It's so clean, it looks like someone is cleaning there. There are a lot of mushrooms and berries in this forest. And there is a white moss-lichen in the forest, it grows right on the ground, which makes it seem like someone spilled milk. My grandmother jokes: “These are forest men.” There is also a moss swamp near our village. The moss growing on it is completely different, not the same as in a pine forest, it is always wet.
Our village stands on the banks of the Ob River and beyond the river you can see meadows, cattle graze on them, and the grass is cut there for hay. Every summer I go to mowing with my relatives. There I noticed that in the water meadows around big rivers, only grasses grow: clover, mouse peas, timothy, horsetail, sedge. You very rarely see shrubs in the meadow, and there are no trees at all. Mom picked some herbs. They smelled nice. She explained that these herbs are healing and help against various diseases. They had to be properly dried and preserved. This is how I first heard that there are medicinal plants. The time has come, I went to school. Often with the whole class we go on excursions to the forest, hikes, and walks. One day in class " The world around us“The teacher said that we are going on an excursion, we need to take a notebook and pen, we will write down and sketch the plants. And you don’t have to go far to do this. Plants grow right next to the porch of our school. They were right under our feet. We walk on them, cars pass by, and they grow as if nothing had happened.
How many are here, around us, different plants! Many of them are very useful. They are called medicinal: for example, plantain, dandelion, knotweed. The teacher suggested viewing the “School Atlas-identifier higher plants" It contains colorful drawings by which you can determine the type of plant and their description. I wanted to know as much as possible about them. My grandmother, a great lover of nature, knows many plants that are medicinal. She uses many of them in the treatment of various diseases. I myself have more than once drank various herbal infusions prepared by her when I was sick with colds. That’s how I decided to explore the problem associated with medicinal plants of our region in my work. It is difficult to meet a person who has not seen or known medicinal plants, for example, plantain, dandelion, but little knows what diseases they help against. The result of my research work will be a collected collection of medicinal herbs from our region.
I began my work with the theoretical part, reading popular science and fiction literature about medicinal plants. First I got acquainted with the history of their use in ancient times.
History of the use of medicinal plants.
“Medicine is the art of imitating the healing effects of nature”
Hippocrates.
Medicinal plants have been used in medicinal purposes since ancient times. Herbs have served humans for thousands of years. From their own experience, primitive people comprehended their healing knowledge from generation to generation. Healing has been a sacrament since ancient times, so healers were very picky in choosing their students. The collection, production of medicines and treatment were accompanied by magical techniques and spells. Already the outstanding ancient Greek physician and thinker Hippocrates described 236 plants that were used in medicine of that time. Among them are henbane, elderberry, mint, almonds and others.
Hippocrates believed that the juices of medicinal plants optimally combine biologically active, organic and minerals, have a miraculous effect on the human body. Therefore, he recommended using plants in the form in which nature created them. In Russia, herbal treatment is known and popular. Even kings and princes have long been interested in the cultivation and use of medicinal plants. At the beginning of the 17th century, under Alexei Mikhailovich, the Pharmacy Order was created, supplying the court and army with herbs.
Peter I ordered the creation of pharmacy schools and vegetable gardens - the first plantations of medicinal plants in Russia.
Much has changed since then, but interest in medicinal herbs has not faded away - on the contrary, it is especially great now. Nowadays, people are increasingly resorting to phototherapy - scientifically based treatment with medicinal plants, and to folk remedies. Juices, decoctions, infusions taken orally, external lotions and rinses help the sick body cope with many ailments and get rid of suffering. Forest pharmacy medicines will speed up the healing of wounds, stop bleeding, heal a diseased heart, restore lost appetite, improve digestion, cure stomach ulcers, and increase vitality. Sometimes they help in cases where even medicine is powerless.
Collection of medicinal plants.
After getting acquainted with the history of the use of medicinal plants, I decided to get acquainted with correct collection plants, as they are important raw materials for many medicines. In order for the drug to have the best effect on the body, it is very important to collect the plants at a certain time, dry them properly and store them.
Collect grass, leaves, and flowers only in dry weather, preferably in the morning, as soon as the dew subsides. If you collect raw plants infected with fungi or eaten by insects, they will spoil. In tall plants, only the flowering tops are cut off, no longer than 20-40 cm, or the flowering branches are broken off. Only blossoming flowers are collected; faded ones should not be taken.
So , roots Dig out in the fall after the leaves have fallen or in early spring and clean with cold water.
Aboveground part plants containing volatile aromatic substances are collected at the beginning of summer, when the leaves have fully blossomed and buds have formed.
Green leaves and grass you can collect all summer, but better in spring.
Flowers They pick fully blossomed ones only in clear weather.
Fruits and seeds- only mature ones.
The collected plants are dried in a well-ventilated area, and especially succulent ones - in a slightly heated oven or a special dryer at a temperature of 40 - 50 degrees. It is better to store dried plants in glass containers.
In the course of my work, I learned that plants collected according to a specific plan, carefully dried and labeled are called herbarium.
Herbarium.
“The flower is dried up, scentless,
I see forgotten in the book;
And now with a strange dream
My soul was filled:
Where did it bloom? When? What spring?
And how long did it bloom? And torn by someone..."
A. S. Pushkin.
A herbarium is collected to study the external appearance of a plant; to compare specimens found in different areas; find out what grew in a certain area in the past; change in flora.
Since ancient times, travelers have sought to bring plants unknown in their homeland from distant countries. But was it easy to deliver a plant when it took months, and sometimes even years, of hard travel to get home? Even then, they began to dry the found flora samples in order to preserve them for a long time. Collections of dried plants began to be called “herbariums”. The word "herbarium" appeared in the Middle Ages in Europe and then meant books about plants, their beneficial properties(in Russia they were called herbalists).
The oldest herbarium was collected at the beginning of the 16th century and is still kept in Rome. At the same time, they created a collection of dried medicinal plants, which were pasted onto paper and bound into large-format volumes. In Russia, the first scientific herbarium appeared at the beginning of the 18th century, during the reign of Peter I.
Medicinal plants of our region.
The next step in my research was getting to know the plants of our region. Rich and varied flora our region! You will leave the outskirts of the village, plunge into the green thicket of the forest, breathe in the aroma of meadows and fields, and the feeling of love for your land becomes even stronger. You will feel the beauty of Siberian nature even more strongly. More than 40 species of medicinal plants grow in the vast expanses of our region. Based on their medicinal use, they are divided into a number of groups. For example, motherwort has an effect on the heart vascular system, wild rosemary– as an expectorant; burnet, sphagnum moss– hemostatic agent; chamomile, cumin, plantain, St. John's wort– in case of illness gastrointestinal tract; rosehip, rowan, currant, lingonberry, cranberry- valuable vitamins.
Making a collection.
After I read necessary literature, moved on to the practical part. Before we started making the collection, we began collecting the plants we needed. The work was carried out under the guidance of a teacher. This took a lot of time, since the plants began to grow, bloom, and bear fruit at different times. We collected them in the vicinity of the village: in the forest, on the banks of the Ob River, near human habitation, in clearings.
During the collection, I made sure to photograph the plant I needed, make sketches and notes.
Arriving home, I transferred the sketches to a scrapbook sheet.
Lily of the valley Ledum. Rose hip.
Then he began preparing materials for storage. The plants were dug up with their roots, carefully removing the soil from them, and placed between sheets of paper, while carefully straightening the leaves, flowers, and stems. Sheets with samples were alternated with blank ones. Large plants cut into pieces and dried separately. Branches with flowers were cut from trees and bushes.
While the copies were drying, I put my notes in order. Together with the teacher, he indicated the correct name of the plants and described their appearance; for example, what was the color of the petals of the corolla of a flower, since after drying the color changes. They indicated when, by whom, where the plant was cut, how it is used in scientific and folk medicine.
But the plants dried up, and I began to design my collection. I chose a white sheet of A4 format as the background for all copies. I placed dried plants on the sheets and glued them.
On the next sheet of paper I wrote down all the data about this plant, based on scientific literature and my own observations, and glued a photograph. On sheet 3 there is a drawing made with colored pencils. I put all the sheets in perforated inserts and inserted them into one folder.
Conclusion.
Many wild medicinal plants have not yet been studied, and therefore their beneficial properties and qualities for humans are not known. Scientific research The research carried out by scientists will make it possible in the future to introduce new plants into cultivation, which today can only be found growing wild. The Forest Health Pantry is open to everyone. However, her diverse gifts must be handled with care. Indeed, among harmless and attractive-looking plants, there are many poisonous ones, although they correct use are healing. You need to get to know them well to avoid poisoning. The most dangerous in this regard henbane, wolf's bast, poisonous vekh. Preparation of medicinal raw materials is carried out in small quantities.
But man, invading deeper and deeper into natural processes, sometimes causes irreversible changes. As a result of human activity, the habitats of medicinal plants and they themselves are being destroyed. Therefore, nature conservation should now become a national task. I would like to believe that people will come to their senses and live in harmony with nature, without harming it. And then there will be no Red Books!
Conclusion.
But now the work is completed. The most important result of all the work done is the collection I completed under the guidance of senior mentors. During the research, I learned to observe; ask questions about the topic of work; identify the problem. I received great pleasure from my work. It is valuable that knowledge and skills were acquired as a result of one’s own labor. I shared my experience of organizing research work with my comrades. The collection is in our classroom and anyone can get acquainted with it.
Attached are some types of specimens from my collection.
Wormwood.
Description appearance.
M 
new year herbaceous plant with a thick branched stem. The stem is erect, up to 120 cm high, thick, branched. The leaves are alternate, the flowers are small, yellow, tubular, collected in almost spherical baskets, forming a paniculate inflorescence at the top of the stem. The fruits are small brown oblong achenes. It grows as a weed in pastures, wastelands, along roads, near homes. It is called differently - nekhvoroshch, epic. As a weed, it is widespread throughout almost the entire country. The grass has a peculiar smell and bitter taste. It is collected before the end of summer, and the roots are collected in the fall.
AND
P 
wormwood enhances the activity of the digestive organs, stimulates and improves appetite, which is why it has long been prescribed for sluggish digestion and decreased appetite. In medicine it is used as a sedative. The drugs are prescribed for insomnia and neuralgia, as well as bronchial asthma and diabetes mellitus, hypertension. Wormwood roots are used for epilepsy, seizures, convulsions, and nervous system disorders. For kidney and bladder stones, wormwood is used in a mixture with bearberry leaves, horsetail herb and carrot and dill seeds. Externally used in the form of infusions for inflammation of the mucous membrane, for the treatment of wounds and ulcers.
Our observations.
P 
wormwood blooms in June–August and bears fruit in September–October. It grows as a weed in pastures, wastelands, along roads, near homes. Early spring the plant's outgrowth appears, and flowering begins in mid-July, and at the same time the wormwood was picked and dried for the herbarium.
The grass is bitter and fragrant itself,
And my stomach feels better, and it sweeps quickly.
Chickweed.
Description of appearance.
N 
Our delicate flowers Suddenly, among the insects
The petals are blooming. There was a commotion:
The breeze barely breathes, pushed aside the family of chickweeds
The petals are swaying. Giant thistle.
In the damp lower reaches of the forest, among the shady thickets and in the bushy meadow, these herbs are sure to be found. White five-petalled corollas on thin, low stems, small green leaves resemble stars. Hence the name - chickweed. People call it woodlice. There are more than 50 species.
R 
asthenia is used for bleeding, hemorrhoids, vitamin deficiency, heart disease and hernias. The steamed herb is applied to sore joints, pain points for radiculitis, rheumatism. The juice of the plant is used to wash sore eyes. A decoction of the herb is used for aching bones and cough. Woodlice is used for liver and lung diseases, endemic goiter and hemorrhoids. External baths from a strong decoction of woodlice herb are taken for swelling of the legs; general baths, lotions, compresses are used for various skin diseases, acne, rashes, wounds and ulcers. The whole fresh plant without roots is used for food and salads are prepared.
R 
Asthenia is added to borscht and vinaigrettes. Woodlice is considered both a medicinal plant and a honey plant. There are also simply annoying weeds, shamelessly freeloading in the fields and gardens.
Chickweed is distributed throughout the country.
Cowberry.
Description of appearance.
Picking berries Two berries in the mouth.
And we kept count of the many berries in the forest!
The berries are in a mug, I’ll take them to my mother...
Sometimes in the autumn, crimson tassels on a moss carpet burn in the forest. This is lingonberry. Sometimes there is red all around. Lingonberry is a small shrub, 7 to 25 cm high. The leaves are leathery, curved at the edges, shiny, the size of a marigold. At the tops of the branches in early June there are pale pink flowers, collected in small clusters. The berries ripen in the second half of summer, on an August day, with insufficient heat even in September. The growing area is quite large.
P 
Lingonberry preparations act as an astringent, disinfectant and choleretic agent. Lingonberry leaves and berries contain many useful substances and are used in folk medicine for gastritis, diabetes, gout, and rheumatism. An infusion of leaves is drunk for inflammation of the kidneys and bladder. Lingonberries - valuable dietary product and a remedy. Prescribed orally with sugar or honey, as well as dried or soaked. Dried berries are included in vitamin teas. Soaked, crushed and boiled lingonberries are served with various dishes with stew, food. Lingonberries are good for fruit drinks, jelly, and they are also added when sauerkraut.
Our observations.
Lingonberries bear fruit abundantly in coniferous and coniferous-deciduous forests. The plant was observed outside the village. IN medical purposes They use lingonberry leaves, which are harvested in the spring after the snow melts and before flowering. The shrub blooms at the end of June, and by mid-July collective flowering begins. At this time, the plant was picked and dried for a herbarium. But then the flowering passed, and the fruits appeared, at first green and sour. By the end of August, the fruits ripen and become red-burgundy and juicy.
Valerian.
ABOUT 
writing appearance.
“Cat weed” - correction for patients:
A stub for the first aid kit to help your heart.
The most widely represented and has great value pharmaceutical valerian. This perennial plant has a vertical short rhizome from which numerous thin roots extend. The root has a bitter taste that causes a burning sensation in the mouth. The stem is straight, full, furrowed. The flowers are white or white-pink, small, collected at the top of the stem in a lush panicle. The smell is strong and peculiar. The taste is bittersweet.
AND 
use in scientific and folk medicine.
Valerian rhizomes contain essential oil, esters of acetic, formic and butyric acid, sugar. Valerian preparations are used as a sedative for nervous excitement, insomnia, they relieve spasms of smooth muscle organs, dilates blood vessels in case of neurosis, angina pectoris, rapid heartbeat, and spasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Valerian preparations increase blood clotting. Long-term use high doses cause headaches, anxiety and disrupt the functions of the gastrointestinal tract. The use of valerian should be under the supervision of a doctor.
V 
used for medicinal purposes various drugs valerian: water infusion, alcohol tincture, in the form of tablets, coated with a hard shell. The plant was picked on July 5, 2010.
Our observations.
The roots of the plants are dug up in the fall, when the above-ground part turns brown and first dried for outdoors. The smell is strong and peculiar. The taste is bittersweet, spicy. Valerian blooms from mid-June to mid-August. The plant is found on moist and swampy soils: in damp meadows, in river valleys.
Kalina.
ABOUT 
writing appearance.
As if snow globe Bela, And when the time has come,
In the spring she blossomed, at once she became
She exuded a delicate scent, all red from the berries.
Viburnum is one of the most favorite berries from Siberians. About 80 species of viburnum are found in our country. It is a shrub up to 4 meters high with grayish-brown bark. The flowers are white, located at the ends of the branches. Since ancient times, viburnum has served people well - it provided food and medicine, and was used in everyday life. Fruit juice with honey is drunk at high blood pressure blood, it is also used as a prophylactic agent to prevent the appearance of a malignant tumor. Viburnum helps with colds of the upper respiratory tract, including cough, hoarseness and bronchial asthma.
WITH 
fresh fruits weaken and help with headaches. An infusion of berries is drunk for peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, for pain in the heart, metabolic disorders, eczema and skin ulcers. Viburnum berries were studied by pharmacologists, who found that they reduce the heartbeat and are considered a vitamin-rich, tonic and diuretic. In medicine, preparations from viburnum bark are used as a good hemostatic agent. An infusion of flowers is drunk for hoarseness and cough, inflammation of the respiratory tract, as well as for cholelithiasis and kidney stones. A decoction of young shoots is used for scrofula in children. An infusion of flowers and fruits is an excellent cosmetic product.
N 
your observations.
Observation of viburnum was carried out both in the school plot and in the private personal plot. The viburnum bloomed much later than usual, since it was late spring. The bush bloomed profusely. The primrose appeared in mid-June, and the berries appeared in mid-July. By mid-August the fruits had acquired an orange color. During the flowering period, leaves and flowers were taken for the herbarium and dried according to all the rules.
Currant.
ABOUT 
writing appearance.
She was green, small,
Then I became scarlet.
I turned black in the sun.
And now I'm ripe.
On a hot summer day, black currants smell fragrant on the banks of the stream. Numerous clusters of black fruits, juicy and aromatic, hang down. The smell can be felt far away. Fishermen, hunters, and tourists are drawn to currants. Some will pick berries, some will throw fragrant currant leaves into a wonderful drink - forest tea. There are 36 species in our country, but the most valuable is black currant.
h 
black currant is a shrub up to 1.5 meters high, with brownish branches and very fragrant leaves.
Application in scientific and folk medicine.
Rich chemical composition fruits determines their beneficial effect on the human body in the treatment of a wide variety of various diseases. In medicine, currant fruits are fresh or their juice is taken for vitamin deficiency, as well as as a general tonic after suffering from chronic diseases. Popularly used in the treatment of hypertension, severe headaches, kidney and urolithiasis, tuberculosis of the lymph glands, anemia and other ailments. Currant berries are widely used as fresh food; they are used to prepare juice, compote, fruit drink, preserves, jam, and marinades.
N 
your observations.
Observation of the plant was carried out on a private plot of land. This bush is cultivated by man. The first leaves on the currant appeared in mid-May. Flowering was abundant, reaching the end of June. The fruits were collected in early August, when they were fully ripe. It grows along the banks of rivers and streams, along wet meadows and the shores of lakes and oxbow lakes, among willow and viburnum bushes. The plant was taken for the herbarium on June 25, 2010, in dry, clear, sunny weather.
Horsetail
ABOUT 
writing appearance.
Chamomile grows in the meadow,
Buttercup is caustic, clover is a mess!
What else? Cloves, tar,
Bell, horsetail - like a Christmas tree.
The green cover of horsetails in the forest is a magnificent sight. Their thin, graceful, often drooping or upward-pointing branches, covered with drops of dew, sparkling in the sun with a multi-colored rainbow, are incredibly picturesque. Common names: field pine, pusher. Horsetail has 2 shoots, up to 20 cm high. The rhizomes of field horsetail are horizontal. This plant looks like a horse's tail. The old Russian names "horsetail", "horsetail", "khvoshnik", "khvoshnik" also mean "tail".
AND 
The grass contains many useful substances and vitamins. It has a hemostatic effect, removes salts, has an astringent, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing effect, and is part of a diuretic tea. For kidney diseases, the infusion is used together with a liquid extract of shepherd's purse; in addition, the horsetail preparation is prescribed as a strong diuretic for edema and congestion, especially for patients with heart disease, for lung diseases, pleurisy, gout, rheumatism, kidney and cholelithiasis. Externally, use horsetail decoction to wash wounds and ulcers, rinse the mouth when inflammatory processes. In dental practice, an infusion of the plant's herb is used, which is used to rinse the mouth for periodontal disease.
N 
your observations.
The plant was observed in a forest clearing near the village. The first shoots appeared in early June. Horsetail grows on sandy slopes, cliffs, and shallows. In dry weather from July to September, only summer green branched stems are harvested. There is no smell. The taste is a little sour. Horsetail is distributed throughout the country in the plains and mountains. The plant was picked on June 30, 2010 at 12 noon, in sunny, warm weather.
Marsh marigold.
Description of appearance. 
Flowers disappear on earth, Revelation of meadow flowers.
This is becoming more noticeable every year. We hardly understood.
Less joy and beauty We trampled them carelessly
Leaves it to us every summer. And madly, mercilessly tore
Marsh marigold is a common perennial plant with a creeping stem and fibrous stem. The stem is smooth, hollow, slightly branched. The leaves are dark green, heart-shaped. The flowers are bright yellow.
AND 
use in folk and scientific medicine.
The entire plant, harvested during the flowering period, is used to prepare medicines. Marigold, like all buttercups, is poisonous. Taking it orally causes nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, and when used externally it irritates the skin and mucous membranes. However, marigold preparations are used in scientific and folk medicine. Decoctions and infusions are taken orally for metabolic disorders, fever, colds, anemia, and antitumor. The juice of fresh leaves is used as a wound-healing agent; the leaves are applied to burned areas. Sometimes the infusion is taken as a painkiller and anti-cold remedy. You cannot use marigold on your own.
N 
your observation.
The observation of marigold was carried out in a small wetland near the village. The plant began flowering in early June, much later than usual. This is due to the fact that it was a long spring. Abundant flowering began in the third decade of June and lasted until the beginning of July. The plant was picked on June 23 at 12 noon. Marigold is found in wet and swampy forests and meadows, shallow waters and the banks of reservoirs.
Tansy.
ABOUT 
writing appearance.
Many useful herbs grow
On the soil of the native country.
Can cope with illness
Mint, tansy, St. John's wort.
People call tansy wild rowan. This is a perennial plant. Tansy leaves resemble mountain ash, the stem is lignified with yellow-golden baskets of flowers. The fruit is an oblong achene. Tansy has a peculiar smell, reminiscent of camphor. The taste is bitter-spicy.
AND 
use in scientific and folk medicine.
Tansy flower baskets are used for medicinal purposes. Tansy preparations have an antiseptic, antispasmodic, choleretic effect. Their effect on the body is beneficial in acute intestinal diseases, liver disease, gall bladder, in the treatment of lambiasis, hepatitis, and also improves appetite and digestion. Infusions and decoctions of inflorescences have an anthelmintic effect. The dry extract is used for hypertension. In folk medicine, tansy is used for jaundice, as an antipyretic, and for peptic ulcers. In folk phototherapy, tansy is used for cardiovascular and nervous diseases (for headaches, as a sedative and sleeping pill, for hysteria, for noise in the head, for epilepsy, dropsy, palpitations.
N 
your observations.
The plant was observed in a school plot. The first leaves appeared in mid-May. Tansy leaves grow quite quickly. In early July, the plant began to form buds, which bloomed in the second ten days of July and bloomed until mid-August, forming a fruit in the form of an oblong achene. The plant was cut on June 22 at 12 noon. The weather was cloudy, air temperature + 17 degrees. Tansy grows along forest edges, clearings, meadows, and near dwellings. Found everywhere in Russia.
Plantain.
ABOUT 
writing appearance.
The plantain is a proven orderly,
Healer of feet wounded along the way, -
I approached the road, got ready,
Maybe he thinks who will need me.
This plant has a surprisingly accurate name: along the road one can see its wide, ovoid leaves spread out on the ground. They are collected into a rosette, from the center of which grows a leafless stem with a spike-shaped inflorescence of small brownish flowers. The fruits - greenish nuts 1-2 mm in size - secrete a sticky substance that allows them to stick to the clothes and shoes of people passing by or to the fur of animals.
AND 
use in scientific and folk medicine.
The wound-healing effect of plantain leaves was known a thousand years ago. The paste from the leaves is applied to abrasions on the legs, wounds, abscesses, burns, swelling after bee and wasp stings. Infusion and decoction of the leaves is recommended as an expectorant, but is successfully used in the treatment of stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers and chronic gastritis with low acidity. A decoction of the leaves is used to rinse the mouth during inflammation. The juice of fresh leaves also enhances the secretory activity of the stomach, and the extract has a calming effect. He was also valued by doctors Ancient Greece and Rome. Plantain is also appreciated in cosmetics. It improves skin regeneration processes, increases its tone, and relieves inflammation. Plantain is of great importance in dietary nutrition. It is also included in various fees.
N 
your observations.
The plant was observed along the roads of the village. The first leaves appeared in late May. At the end of June, flower arrows appeared. It blooms throughout the summer. It gave fruit in August. The plant was collected for the herbarium on June 23, 2010. The day was cloudy, the air temperature was 15 degrees. Plantain grows in the village both along the roads and near housing. There are more than two hundred species of plantain. About thirty species grow in our country.
Buttercup.
ABOUT 
writing appearance.
Poisonous plant with bright yellow flowers, popularly nicknamed “ night blindness" People have long noticed this quality of the flower and called it “buttercup”. In the first half of summer, every now and then one catches the eye - yellow flowers on thin straight stems. Buttercup is a perennial herbaceous plant with fibrous roots and a branched stem up to 70 cm high.
AND 
use in folk and scientific medicine.
In folk medicine, dry and fresh herbs are used, which contain: carotene, ascorbic acid, anemonol. All buttercups are poisonous. Buttercup decoction is used for myositis, neuralgic and headaches, edema, gout and rheumatism, as a tonic nervous system and increases blood pressure. Externally – for the treatment of wounds, burns, skin diseases. Fresh leaves remove warts. Without consulting a doctor, buttercup preparations, especially internally, cannot be used. Particularly poisonous during flowering. In the old days, buttercup juice was used to rub feet for aches, and the decoction was used instead of mustard plasters.
N 
your observations.
In the first half of summer, oil-yellow flowers on thin straight stems catch your eye every now and then. They are found everywhere: along roads, in vegetable gardens, on forest paths. These are buttercups. They bloomed at the beginning of summer, on June 10. The plant was picked for the herbarium on June 20 at 12 noon. It was a clear sunny day, 22 degrees Celsius. The plant grew in the school plot. The plant is distributed throughout almost the entire territory of Russia.
Literature used.
N.S. Evseeva, L. N. Okisheva. Geography of the Tomsk region. Nature, natural resources. Tomsk – 2005.No.3.
Rudsky V.G. Ecology. The world is around us. 1st, 3rd grade. Tomsk - 1998.
V.S. Novikov, I.A. Gubanov. "School Atlas - a guide to higher plants." Moscow “Enlightenment” 1991. No. 3.
L.I. Barinova. Forest pharmacy. In the world of medicinal herbs. Kharkov - 1991.
G. Sviridov. Forest garden. Tomsk - 1987.
V.V. Petrov. Flora of our Motherland. Moscow "Enlightenment" 1991.
A.A. Camp. Green pharmacy. Medicinal plants of Siberia. Tomsk - 1991.
Project stage:
Project underway
Project goal:
Creating conditions for children to become familiar with the world of medicinal plants of their native village, to form ideas about the importance of plants in improving and preserving human health. Explore the possibility of using plants instead of chemicals. Raising children's basics healthy image life. Activate children's initiative, attention, memory, and enrichment of vocabulary.
Project objectives:
Educational objectives. Clarify and expand children's knowledge about the names of medicinal plants, their history and health value, and rules of use. To introduce the variety of medicinal plants, their significance for all life on the planet, as well as fiction to create a holistic image of the object being studied. Find out what medicinal plants are in your immediate environment: on the territory of the kindergarten and your native village. Involve preschoolers in environmental activities.
Developmental objectives: To develop in preschoolers curiosity, observation, speech, as well as the ability to compare and analyze. Develop children's vocabulary and knowledge about medicinal plants. To develop the feelings and emotions of preschoolers acquired in the process of cognition through the organization of productive activities.
Educational objectives: To develop communication skills, independence, hard work in preschoolers, as well as respect for nature.
Results achieved in last year:
The correct attitude of children towards plants that help human health is realized.
Children developed cognitive interest and expanded their understanding of nature.
Knowledge about medicinal plants has been formed.
Children's experience in the field of environmental education has been enriched.
A respectful attitude towards native nature and a caring attitude towards her.
The rules of behavior in the forest have been studied.
Developed interest in nature.
Social significance of the project:
We usually don't think about where medicines come from. It's simple: if a person gets sick, we go to the pharmacy and buy it. It is known that there are special factories that produce various medicines. But it turns out that plants can also be used as a pharmacy. Medicinal plants have been known to man almost since his appearance on Earth. Ancient people knew about the healing properties of many plants and skillfully used them for treatment various diseases. Herbal treatment has been known in Russia for a long time and was so popular that even tsars paid great attention to the cultivation of medicinal plants. Peter I ordered the creation of apothecary schools and “apothecary gardens” - the first plantations of medicinal plants in Russia. Much has changed since then in Russia, but interest in medicinal herbs has not faded; on the contrary, it is especially great now.
With the onset of winter, we began to get sick more often: a cough, runny nose, and sore throat appeared. We don't like to take medicine. And we came up with an idea: medicinal plants will help us recover. We realized that we needed additional theoretical information, and decided to start searching for the necessary information. There are many types of plants growing on our planet: wild, cultivated, useful and poisonous, herbaceous and tree-like. We want to talk about those plants that are called useful and medicinal. These are plants that most often grow wild in nature; they are useful for humans because they have healing properties, which is why they are called medicinal herbs or shrubs. Due to their healing properties, these plants are widely used in folk medicine, for the treatment and prevention of a wide variety of diseases, many of the plants are even used in the pharmaceutical industry, for the manufacture of medicines. Caring for the health of the child currently occupies a priority position in preschool education. One of the means of preserving and strengthening health is the healing forces of nature.
Observing and examining plants in a group, on the street, and having learned that ordinary plants in the immediate environment can help human health, we decided to learn about their significance in people’s lives and their healing properties. Therefore, together with the students, it was developed environmental project“Medicinal plants of the native village.”
Activities carried out within the framework of the project:
Events held from October 2017 to March 2018 (teacher and children from the preschool group participated):
- Conversations about medicinal plants: “What did the coltsfoot flower tell?”, “Fragrant mint is pleasant for all diseases!”, “Plantain is a great traveler!”, “Common calendula”, “Humble dandelion”, “ Useful nettle", "Chamomile - " white shirt", "How good our burdock is today!"
- NOD “Plants are around us. Medicinal plants”, “Pharmacy on the windowsill: medicinal plants”. - Didactic games: “What does this plant cure?”, “Which part of the plant is healing?”, “Math puzzles”, “Green pharmacy”, Lotto “Plants”, “Root tops”, “Find out by description”, “Guess what kind of plant you are” "
- Reading fiction: riddles, poems, proverbs, works - T. Kryukova “Forest Pharmacy”, M.A. Kuznetsova, A.S. Reznikova “Tales of Medicinal Plants”, M.M. Prishvin “Golden Meadow”;
N. Pavlova “The Tricky Dandelion”;
G. V. Lebedeva “Dandelion”;
"Legends of Dandelion"; V. Bianki “About herbs”; A. Strizhov “Vegetable garden at the edge.” - --Observation of medicinal plants.
- Growing and planting seedlings on the kindergarten site, caring for them. - Keeping a diary of plant observations.
- Drawing of medicinal plants.
- Application “Dandelion”, “Chamomile field”
Events held in April 2018 (teacher, preschool children and their parents participated):
- Creation of an album of medicinal plants, compiled from children's drawings, “Health in a basket.”
- Card index “Pharmacy on the windowsill: medicinal indoor plants.”
- Little books “Medicinal Plants” made by parents and children.
- Quiz “Medicinal Plant Experts.”
- Theatrical performance “Journey to the Fairytale Forest”.
Project scope:
The project is aimed at children of senior preschool age, age 6-7 years
nailya gribanova
Summary of GCD in senior group“Plants are healers of the native land”
Summary of GCD in the senior group
Subject: « Plants are healers of our native land»
Tasks: create conditions for consolidating children’s knowledge about flora of the native land
Target:.
Strive to instill in children a feeling of gratitude that the world is beautiful.
Learn to use flora wisely.
Show that you can get rid of many diseases with the help of nature.
Develop children's creative abilities, imagination, speech, attention, memory.
Cultivate a caring attitude towards native nature.
Material: Map of Khakassia, illustrations of trees in different times year, postcards with the image medicinal herbs.
Preliminary work:
Conversation about medicinal herbs , reading stories about trees, memorizing poems, looking at wood products.
GCD move:
My country is wide dear
There are many forests, fields and rivers in it
I don't know any other country like this
Where a person breathes so freely.
Today we will talk to you about native land. Our region is rich in fields, meadows, lakes, rivers, and forests. Let's remember. What trees grow with us?
Ball game "Name the tree"
For many people, the symbol of Russia is the white birch. The beautiful birch can be found in the forest, in the field, on our site, it decorates city parks. There are no such birches and birch groves anywhere in the world. It's nice to walk in a birch grove at any time of the year. Birch is the favorite tree of the people; not one tree has so many poems written about it.
White birch I love Russian birch
Under my window, sometimes bright, sometimes sad,
Covered with snow, in a green sundress
Like silver with handkerchiefs in pockets
And there is a birch tree with beautiful clasps,
In sleepy silence With green earrings.
And the snowflakes are burning, I love her, elegant,
In golden fire. Native, beloved
Then clear, ebullient,
Then sad, crying.
Didactic exercise: “Tell me which birch tree”(white-trunked, slender, curly, crystal, fairy-tale, weeping, elegant.)
Why is birch called "Doctor"? (prepared from birch buds medicines, a birch broom drives out illness, the juice is healthy and tasty.)
Examination of wood products.
Game "Stand by the tree".
And now we will go with you to the meadow to see what kind of grass there is grow. Why are these herbs called "Green Pharmacy"?
Examination of herbs and children's stories about the benefits of each herb.
Nettle is medicinal plant. She growing in the garden, in the garden, in the forest. Nettle leaves are used to make soup and salad. Nettle stops blood and cleanses it. Nettle leaves draw out pus. If you crush the nettle and apply it to the wound, it will heal quickly. Nettle contains many vitamins. Nettles are brewed, the hair is washed so that it is good hair. Shampoo is made from nettles and added to toothpaste.
From nettle leaves
Delicious salads.
You just need to add to them
Onions, garlic, tomatoes.
And in nettle salad
Lots of vitamin "WITH"
Those we serve
Changes in face.
Chamomile is medicinal plant. She grows everywhere - in the garden, garden, on the field. It is brewed and drunk for colds. If your eyes hurt "fester", then brew chamomile and wash your eyes. Wash your hair with a decoction of chamomile to make it thick and not fall out.
White daisies scattered
Through the meadows, among the tall grasses,
As if someone had scattered papers,
Drawing suns on them
A ringing bell invites
Gather them into a field bouquet,
But daisies are cunning girls
They just smile back.
Dandelion - medicinal plant, He grows everywhere, all over Russia. They make salad from it and make jam. Dandelion infusion is drunk for stomach pain. Dandelion juice removes warts.
Mother stepmother is medicinal plant. Stepmom's mother first flowers grow. The flower stems are covered with fluff, which protect them from the cold at night and from the sun during the day. Then the leaves appear, the upper side of the leaves is smooth, shiny, and the lower side is all fluffy, soft. If you apply the top side of the leaf to your cheek, the leaf is cold - this is the stepmother, and if the bottom side of the leaf is warm - this is the mother. Mother-stepmother is brewed and drunk for coughs and colds.
A flower peeked out
In the twilight of the forest
Little Scout
Sent in the spring
Let it still be above the forest
Snow rules
Let them lie under the snow
Sleepy meadows,
Let on the sleeping river
Fixed ice -
Once a scout came
And spring will come.
Plantain is medicinal plant. Where people go, there is a plantain growing. He is also called a travel companion, because he is always with people along the way. Plantain stops bleeding. If a bee stings, and apply a plantain leaf, the pain will go away. They make a decoction and drink it for coughs and treat the stomach.
There are many colors
Beautiful. Cautious
But I enjoy it the most
Common plantain
Perhaps he
And more difficult grow,
And yet he is with people
On the way!
Game “What does this sign mean?” (children’s behavior in the forest, what can and cannot be done in the forest.)
Many plants are listed in the Red Book and we must treat them with care.
Publications on the topic:
“Crafts of the native land” Synopsis of OOD on local history in the preparatory group Goals: To introduce children to traditional folk crafts of their native land; Teach children how to make a folk rag doll. Tasks:.
Summary of the integrated lesson “Medicinal plants of the Krasnodar region” in the senior group Objectives: Educational: - expand and enrich children's vocabulary with new words, names, teach them to use them in speech - expand knowledge.
Summary of educational activities for familiarization with the outside world in the preparatory group “Take care of the nature of your native land!” Objectives: Educational: 1. Give an idea that nature is ours common house. To consolidate ideas about the diversity of native nature.
Abstract of the NOD “Poets of the Native Land”"Poets hometown» Goal: Fostering love for the native land and nature based on the poetry of local poets. Objectives: 1. To develop interest in children.
Educational area: Cognitive development. Type of activity: Study of objects of living and inanimate nature. Age group: Senior.
Notes on speech development in the senior group for the regional component, compiling the story “Autumn colors of the native land” Model of educational activity: Speech – speech development(09/05/2016) Educator: Kesyan N. S. Topic: “Composing the story “Autumn.
Organization: GBOU LPR “Preschool educational institution “Ivushka”
Locality: Lugansk People's Republic, Rovenki
Abstract integrated lesson for middle group children.
Medicinal plants of the native land. Kalina.
Program content of the lesson: deepen children's knowledge about viburnum and its healing properties.
Introduce preschoolers to the traditions of the people. Enrich children's vocabulary with new words and expressions. Develop observation skills and a desire to explore the world. Cultivate a caring attitude towards your health and love for your native nature. Develop creativity and accuracy while performing work - gluing material (viburnum branches) onto landscape sheets of paper.
Materials and equipment for the lesson: a bunny toy, a viburnum sprig with berries, illustrations of a viburnum bush, viburnum jam, teaware, napkins, gouache, album sheets of paper.
Progress of the lesson:
Educator: Children, today I invited a bunny to visit us, but for some reason he is not there. Apparently something happened to him... Maybe he got sick? Should I go visit him, what if he needs help?
Where do you think the little bunny lives?
(Children's hypothetical answers).
Educator: Let's sing a song about this dear.
Oh, you little bunny!
Where do you live? Where is your house?
And my house is over the hill,
Next to the Christmas tree and oak tree.
(The children go in search of the bunny and find him. He is sick and lies in his crib.)
Educator: So we got to visit the bunny. And here is our bouncing bunny. Children, what should we do when we come to visit?
Children: Say hello!
Educator: Right. Let's say hello to the bunny. Hello, Bunny! What a good day today! We were waiting for you to visit! Why didn't you come? What happened to you?
Bunny: Good afternoon, friends! I feel very bad. Yesterday on a walk I saw snow. He was so white and fluffy, like cotton candy. And the icicles are so beautiful and transparent, like candy. I really wanted to try them. I tasted the snow and icicles. And this morning I realized that I was sick. I have a very bad headache, a sore throat, and I am coughing and sneezing.
(The bunny sneezes and covers his nose with his paw.)
Educator: (to children) Children, look, the bunny is covering his nose with his paw.
(to the bunny) Bunny, do you have a handkerchief?
Bunny: No.
Educator: This is very bad, because when you sneeze and cough, you need to use a handkerchief. This is an item that is needed for personal hygiene. It should always be in your pocket. You can also extend it as help to your neighbor. Our children have handkerchiefs, and each has their own. Got it, little bunny?
Bunny: What should I do?
Educator: And we will give you a handkerchief. Here you go (give a handkerchief to the bunny). Now you have your own handkerchief.
(The bunny takes a handkerchief, thanks, and continues to sneeze and cough.)
Educator: Yes, little bunny, you really have a cold. You need to be treated.
Educator: Guys, where should we start treatment? How do your mothers treat you when you are sick, what do they do?
Children's answers: They give medicine;
The doctor is called;
They take the temperature;
They serve hot tea;
They are putting up mustard plasters;
They make compresses.
Educator: Fine! First, we’ll put a thermometer and measure the temperature, and while the bunny is lying down, we’ll brew medicinal tea, and let's set the table. Children, let's remember how to set the table?
(Children cover the table with a tablecloth and place a tea set)
Educator: Now, let's remember what are the names of the objects that we will put on the table to give the little bunny tea?
(Children set the table, specifying the names of items and tea utensils.)
Teaspoon;
Napkins;
Tablecloth.
Educator: So, the table is ready. Come on, little bunny, let's see if your temperature is high? The temperature is normal. You can do without a doctor.
The time has come to tell you, children, and you, little bunny, something interesting. When I was little and often sick, my mother treated me with unusual medicines that nature gives us. There are a lot of them. But today I will tell you about one of them - viburnum berries. So I took her to the bunny today, because I guessed that he was sick.
Here's a look at what viburnum looks like. Its beautiful bushes can be found everywhere: along rivers, lakes, on the edges, in ravines. Let's remember where we could already see a similar viburnum bush?
Children: In the garden. In the courtyard of the kindergarten.
Educator: Right. A viburnum bush grows in the yard of our kindergarten. Viburnum cleanses the air well from dust.
And I know a riddle about her. Listen here:
Who doesn’t know these berries?
Helps against colds.
They hang on the bushes
And, like poppies, they burn.
Only it's not raspberries.
What kind of berry?
Children: Kalina!
Educator: Guys, let's take a closer look at the viburnum bush. Look how bright, lush and beautiful it is. Viburnum blooms in spring. It is crowned with white inflorescences. And when the first snow begins to fall, red berries appear on the viburnum bush. Who do you think can eat these berries?
Children: Birds feed on berries in winter.
Educator: Right.
The viburnum bush is very beautiful.
What viburnum bush? (lush, beautiful)
What color are the leaves? (green)
What kind of viburnum leaves (wide)
Look how the berries are gathered into a bunch. What are they like? (for small beads, for rowan bunches)
People really appreciate and love viburnum not only because it is beautiful, but also because it has healing properties and has a special taste. Try viburnum berries. What do they taste like?
What did you find in the middle of the berry?
What does the grain look like?
Let's collect viburnum seeds on a saucer and dry them. Why do you think they can be useful to us?
(Children's possible answers: make an applique, decorate a picture frame, etc.)
Educator: You can also use them to make beads for your mothers.
In ancient times, every housewife prepared medicines from viburnum for the long winter:
They dried its flowers, berries, leaves;
Grind with honey and sugar.
Viburnum tea is the first aid for colds. Fresh berries are consumed for coughs. Viburnum is a medicinal plant because it contains many vitamins.
Now you know that viburnum can cure anyone from a cold. Let's treat the bunny with viburnum tea. Let's brew some medicinal tea. Take viburnum berries and put them in this teapot. And I'll take another kettle with hot water, and I’ll pour water where you put the berries. I'll cover it with a napkin and let it steep.
In the meantime, our viburnum tea is infusing, let's give the little bunny a gift - we'll draw a twig of viburnum for him.
(Children finish drawing viburnum berries on album sheets using a non-standard drawing technique).
Educator: Look how lush and beautiful the viburnum bunches you have drawn. People say: “When I was young, I was white, but when I grew up, I turned red.”
(The teacher invites the children to learn this proverb.)
Educator: We will give these viburnum bunches that the children tried so hard to draw to you, little bunny. Be healthy always! (They give their drawings, the bunny thanks each child by name.)
Educator: And here our medicinal viburnum tea is ready. Sit down, everyone, at the table.
(Children sit at the table)
Educator: Guys, do you want to know how much? delicious sweets can it be made from viburnum berries? Juice and jelly are boiled from viburnum, marmalade and jam are prepared, and pies with viburnum berries are baked. (Takes the jam). Try viburnum jam. It is very tasty and healthy. What does the jam taste like?
(Children are treated to tea and viburnum jam).
Bunny: Thank you, my friends, for your help! I'm already much better. My head doesn't hurt, my throat doesn't hurt either. I feel so good that I want to play with you.
Educator: Bunny, we will gladly play with you. Our children really love the game “Grey Bunny Washes himself.”
Progress of the game.
Children stand in a circle, one child has a bunny. He is a “bunny” and stands in the middle of the circle. Children standing in a circle say together with the teacher:
The gray bunny washes himself,
Apparently he's going to visit
I washed my nose, I washed my tail,
I washed my ear and wiped it dry!
"Bunny" imitates movements in accordance with the text (washes and wipes nose, ears, tail). Then he jumps on both legs - he goes to visit one of the children, and he becomes a “bunny”, takes a toy and the game repeats.
Educator: Well done guys, played well with the bunny. Let's have fun jumping with him?
Educator: Well, jumping bunny, I see that you are already much better. And remember that you can’t eat snow and icicles, otherwise you might get sick. Wear a warm coat. And if you suddenly get sick, now you know how to treat yourself.
Do you guys remember how to treat a cold?
Children: Yes! Viburnum tea, jam.
Educator: How quickly time flew by. We really liked it with you, little bunny, but the guys need to go back to kindergarten. And you lie down in a warm bed and rest. And when you are healthy, come visit us, we will be waiting for you. Goodbye!
(Children say goodbye to the bunny and leave).
Summary of a collective lesson in visual arts
for children of the middle group. Modeling.
Subject: Viburnum bunches.
Lesson content: Strengthen children’s ability to convey the shape of objects round shape and different sizes. Learn to convey impressions of the environment in sculpting (viburnum berries are ripe). Develop imagination. Develop the right attitude towards results.
Materials and equipment for the lesson: Twigs with bunches of viburnum for viewing, plasticine, boards for modeling.
Progress of the lesson:
Educator: Guys, let's remember who we helped get treatment yesterday?
Children: Bunny!
Educator: How did we do this? How did we help him heal? Medicines?
Children: No! We treated him with viburnum tea!
Educator: Who remembers where viburnum grows?
Children: It can be found everywhere: along rivers, lakes, on the edges, in ravines. She also grows in the yard of our kindergarten.
Educator: Look, I brought you a sprig of viburnum today. Let's look at it. What kind of berries does it have in its clusters?
Children: Small, red, round in shape.
Educator: What are they like?
Children: For small beads.
Educator: What tree berries do they look like?
Children: For rowan berries.
Educator:
Forest beauty by the ravine:
Dense bush, wide leaf
And clusters of berries-beads, as if
The red rain hung in a bunch.
I'll bring young viburnum from the forest
And at home I’ll sit you by the window with love,
Let the viburnum turn red like beads in winter,
And in winter the blizzard gets angry and turns gray.
Educator: Let's have a competition now better job. Today we will sculpt bunches of viburnum. Let's divide into two teams. And whose team wins, we will send that work in a parcel to our friend Bunny.
Take another close look at the viburnum bunches. What are they?
(Children's answers)
What techniques will you use when doing the job?
(Children's answers)
Get to work. We will work energetically, without distractions.
(Children get to work)
Educator: Now let's display your work on the stand and see how the first team and the second completed the task.
(The discussion is lively and emotional. It is important to find figurative, vivid words for characterization, to emphasize expressiveness. For example: lush bunches of viburnum, juicy berries, etc.)
Educator: Well done guys. Both teams completed the task. I don't even know whose work is better. Let's send a parcel to our friend Bunny with bunches of viburnum, which both teams carefully sculpted.
List of used literature:
- E.S. Vilchkovsky. Outdoor games in kindergarten. – K.: Glad. school, 1989. – 176 p. - In Ukrainian language;
- Vakulenko Yu.A. Nurturing a love of nature in preschoolers: environmental holidays, quizzes, activities and games / Yu.A. Vakulenko. – Volgograd: Teacher, 2008. – 157 p.;
- Fomicheva M.F. Parenting correct pronunciation: manual for children's teachers. garden – 3rd ed., revised. And additional – M.: Education, 1980. – 240 p., ill.;
- Speech development of preschool children: A manual for kindergarten teachers / V.I. Loginova, A.I. Maksakov, M.I. Popova and others; Ed. F. Sokhina. – 3rd ed., rev. And additional – M.: Education, 198 – 223 pp., ill.
- Solomennikova O.A. Classes on the formation of elementary environmental concepts in middle group kindergarten. – M.: Mosaika-Sintez, 2009-2010.
- Komarova T.S. Lessons in visual arts in kindergarten: Book. For a kindergarten teacher. – 3rd ed., revised and supplemented. – M.: Education, 1991. – 176 p.: ill. – ISBN 5-09-001634-8.
To use preview presentations, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
MADOU Kindergarten general developmental type with priority implementation of activities in the artistic and aesthetic direction of development of pupils No. 12 “Happy Island” PLANTS OF THE NATIVE LANDSCAPE
CALMUS SWAMP Calamus grows along the banks of rivers and reservoirs on muddy, sandy soil. The root contains an essential oil that has a spicy scent. The leaves contain vitamin C. The roots are used in the production of liqueurs, bitter vodkas, fruit essences, syrups (as a substitute for ginger, cinnamon, nutmeg). Used in perfumery and soap making. Boiled from the bases of leaf blades fragrant jam. Calamus decoction is used to stimulate appetite in both humans and animals.
Lingonberry I am not a fir or a spruce, But in my native forest land I am green all year round, I do not recognize the cold. (cowberry)
Birch Birch trees are very tall. The trunks are white with black dots. Trees shed in spring top layer birch bark On the white birch bark, dark lines and stripes are clearly visible, through which the birch tree breathes: in the heat, they open and allow air to pass to the roots of the trees. loves very much sunlight, space, not afraid of frost. Lives for a very long time, 150-180 years. Animals and birds drink with pleasure birch sap(bear, ants, butterflies, finches, robins, tits, woodpeckers). The hare likes to feast on birch bark and young twigs. From birch bark they wove bast shoes, baskets, tueski for berries and mushrooms, and made birch bark horns on which shepherds played. In ancient times, people wrote letters on birch bark.
Crow's Eye The breeze blew, the blades of grass swayed, and it was as if a black, attentive bird's eye looked at you from the grass. This is a berry. You just can’t put it in your mouth, it’s very dangerous - IT’S POISONOUS.
Cornflowers Cornflowers look into the sky with blue eyes. The spikelets are golden. The rye comes in waves. A Ukrainian legend tells: a beautiful mermaid fell in love with the blue-eyed peasant boy Vasily and began inviting him into the river with her. But no matter how much Cornflower loved her, he couldn’t, didn’t want to leave his field, his land. “Oh, so,” the mermaid got angry, “well, be you forever in your field!” And she turned it into a blue flower. But from time to time she rises above the blue wave and peers into the field. To see the blue eyes of the cornflower.
Oak Touching the clouds with its gray head, the Oak stands mighty with an age-old thought. The storm suddenly whistles like a black bird through the crown. The oak tree stands calm, like a king wearing a crown. Looks into the skies of everyone in the area above! He knows a lot of songs and hears a lot of fairy tales.
Oregano Medicinal plant.
El What kind of girl is this: Not a seamstress, not a craftswoman, She doesn’t sew anything herself, But in needles all year round? (spruce) Spruce wood goes to the best varieties papers, artificial silk, wool, leather, alcohols, glycerin, plastics. White, slightly shiny spruce wood is indispensable in the manufacture of musical instruments.
Strawberry On the ground in the grass it turns red It becomes sweeter, it sings Tasty, but not big The berry is... (Strawberry) The berry is pleasant, Very aromatic. Look under the bush, it’s red there - ... (strawberry)
The willow is still foggy and dull in the forest, but above the river, under the cliff, it is dressed in golden down, and the willow has spread its curls. It was as if a cloud had descended from the sky onto small buds, turned green and turned into living warm lumps. Willow has a smooth silver trunk and narrow oblong leaves. Flowers (willows) are covered with fluffy hairs. Willow loves moist soil and grows along the banks of rivers, lakes, and streams, on the slopes of ravines. Willow is valued for early willow honey and for its flowers, from which medicines are prepared to treat wounds and abscesses. Man uses willow branches for weaving baskets, boxes, furniture.
Nettle Leaves and stems are covered with many stinging hairs, they contain stinging cells containing a caustic liquid. Its shoots and leaves are edible and rich vitamins A, C, K. Nettle stops bleeding.
Maple Autumn swirled with red snowstorms, Golden leaves flew from the maples. The motley round dance of leaves closed, The first thin ice began to glisten on the puddles.
Bell Ding-dong, ding-dong! A gentle chime flows, Like a meadow bell ringing in the wilderness of the forest.
Linden Linden is a remedy for colds. Everyone knows about it everywhere. Although the linden color is inconspicuous, But healthier than tea no, for sore throats and colds, drink healing linden tea.
Lily of the Valley According to an ancient legend, Princess Volkhova fell in love with the young man Sadko, while Sadko gave his heart to the girl of the fields and forests, Lyubava. The saddened Volkhova went ashore and began to cry. And where the princess’s tears fell, lilies of the valley grew - a symbol of purity, love and pain of a tender girl’s heart. Fairy tales say that the lily of the valley is the sprouted beads from Snow White’s scattered necklace and the happy silver laugh of the mermaid Mavka, which rolled like pearls through the forest when she first felt the joy of love.
Raspberries Amaze everyone for colds Grew in the garden... (raspberries)
Coltsfoot Blooms before all herbs. A low stem covered with soft fluff that protects the flower from the cold; brown, sharp, scale-like leaves are tightly pressed to the stem. The flowers are collected in a large inflorescence because each flower individually is too small and fragile to withstand bad weather. Grows in sunny clayey ravines, in garden beds. Bees and bumblebees, waking up after a long winter, fly to the coltsfoot flowers for honey. Leaves applied to the chest attract heat. It is useful to drink an infusion (tea) to cleanse the lungs.
Dandelion The sun dropped a golden ray The first young dandelion grew It is green. golden color He is a big sun, a small portrait.
Plantain Healer grew up by the road - he heals sick legs. (plantain) Perennial herbaceous plant. They called it that because it settles along different roads and is not afraid of the heat. Plantain leaf is used in the form of lotions to heal wounds.
Rowan Trunk with light gray smooth bark. The leaves are openwork, round, with jagged edges. Blooms in May. The fruits are bright red, with juicy pulp. Photophilous. Rowan berries are eaten by thrushes, tits, starlings, waxwings, crows, hedgehogs, moose, and bears. Jam and juice are prepared from rowan berries. The rowan tree is blooming - it’s time to sow flax. Rowan blossoms in a row - there will be a lot of oats. Late flowering of rowan - for a long autumn. If rowan is born, rye will be good.
Chamomile Sisters standing in the field, Yellow eye, White eyelashes. (Chamomile) Perennial plant. Propagated by seeds and division of rhizomes. In nature it grows on sunny forest edges, clearings, clearings, meadows and fields. A person grows in flower beds. Bees, butterflies, and bumblebees see the daisy from afar and fly to it for honey.
Pine What kind of girl is this: Not a seamstress, not a craftswoman, She doesn’t sew anything herself, But she wears needles all year round. (Pine)
Poplar Poplar is a tall slender tree with greenish-gray smooth trunks and a thick green crown. At the end of May, catkin inflorescences appear on the trees. Then they ripen and burst, and a poplar snowstorm sweeps the streets. Poplar is unpretentious and grows very quickly. Poplar wood is used to make paper, and poplar buds are used to produce creams, perfumes and colognes.
Horsetail prefers sandy, fairly rich, moderately moist soils. The plant has a hemostatic effect. Horsetail powder is used to sprinkle wounds and ulcers on domestic animals. The shoots are edible. Colors wool yellow and green.
Bird cherry blossom, green bird cherry, blossom! Like a princess in a fairytale outfit, Scattering strands of inflorescences in the wind, Rustle like fragrant crayons! And let no one bring an ax, cut you down or cripple you, and let no one crush your wedding dress - the wedding dress of the Spring Princess. The trunk is covered with dark rough bark, oblong leaves. It blooms in May and stands like a bride in a white lace dress. The smell of bird cherry is strong and intoxicating, repels flies and mosquitoes from the tree, and kills many harmful microbes. Jam and jelly are made from the berries.
Rosehip I am so similar to a rose, Except that it is not so good, But my fruits are suitable for everyone to eat. Shrub with sharp thorns. Blooms with white or pink flowers. It grows in the forest and can also be grown by humans. The fruits are red, very rich in vitamins. Rosehip oil is used to treat wounds and burns.
