Lyudmila Baranova
Lesson summary “Travel to Antarctica”
Abstract organized educational activities
for children 5-6 years old
« Travel to Antarctica»
Made up: Baranova Lyudmila Vasilievna, teacher
MBDOU « Kindergarten them. Yu. A. Gagarin",
(Smolensk region, Gagarin)
Age group: 5-6 years.
OOD form: class.
Form of organization: group.
Preliminary work:
Examination of illustrations depicting the cold zones of the planet;
Reading books about Antarctica.
Target: increase ecological culture preschoolers and creative imagination in the process of introducing children to Antarctica.
Equipment and materials:
Envelope with a letter;
Required for classes illustrations;
Integration of educational regions: Cognitive development, speech development, social and communicative development, artistic and aesthetic development, physical development.
Tasks:
Educational objectives:
1. Give children an idea of the features geographical location, nature Antarctica;
2. Form ideas about flora and fauna Antarctica, about the connection of organisms with their environment;
3. Summarize ideas about the animal world, birds Antarctica. Their appearance, lifestyle, habits.
4. Continue to develop the ability to work with a map and find the North Pole (Arctic) and South Pole (Antarctica) .
5. Continue to teach children to participate in experimental activities
6. Develop the ability to draw conclusions and conclusions based on experimental activities.
2. Developmental:
1. Develop eco logical thinking and creative imagination in the process of experimental and research activities of children;
2. Develop attention, memory, logical thinking, visual observation;
3. Develop the ability to see the beauty of nature;
4. Develop the ability to analyze, generalize, and ingenuity in the process of teaching children to solve riddles.
5. Develop speech, enrich vocabulary (words: iceberg, Antarctica, killer whale)
3. Educational:
1. Foster interest and love for nature;
2. Cause a positive emotional response to the beauty of nature;
3. Cultivate a respectful attitude towards the interlocutor, develop teamwork skills.
4. Wellness:
1. Create a positive emotional mood;
2. Form the need for physical activity.
Educational area: "Cognitive Development".
Integration of areas: « Speech development» , « Artistic and aesthetic development", "Social and communicative development", "Applique".
Type classes: integrated.
Expected result: increasing interest in children’s knowledge of the world around them and forming the prerequisites for environmental education.
Methods and techniques:
1. Visual: demonstration of illustrations, demonstration of experience, display of visual aids;
2. Verbal: conversation, asking riddles, children's stories, questions, explanations, instructions.
3. Practical: research activities, creation of an artistic product (making a penguin kindergarten, musical and rhythmic exercise;
4. Gaming: introduction of elements of competition, surprise moment.
Equipment and materials:
Envelope with a letter;
Pieces of ice, a bowl of water, napkins;
Bird feathers, fat, a basin of water;
Required for classes illustrations;
Panel for group work;
Blanks for applique, glue, oilcloth, simple pencils.
Organizational moment.
V. - Hello, guys! Let's smile at each other and our guests! And let good mood does not leave us all day!
Children, there is a magic screen in front of you, it will help us recover from an exciting journey. What time journey, you will find out when I read you the letter that arrived at the kindergarten address.
Motivation for activity
Q. Guys, it says on the envelope - "For the guys". Who is it from?
Guess the riddle:
This bird doesn't fly
But he swims and dives great!
Waddles around
Be smart!
Doesn't sing, but wears a tailcoat
It's meant to be like this
He's a meter tall, but he lives
Where it's cold and icy!
B. Correct letter from the penguin (reading a letter). What is the little penguin asking for?
(Picture "Little Penguin")
Q. Guys, look at this little penguin Pepe. It seems to me that he is upset about something. In the letter, he wrote that he had no friends at all and that made him very sad. Let's visit him. It is customary to go on a visit with a gift. What can you give a little penguin?
(Picture with a fish)
Q. So we'll go to travel and find out, where the little penguin lives and we’ll try to help him somehow.
Guys, we live on the big beautiful planet. What is it called?
(children's answer)
Q. Our planet has a North Pole and a South Pole. It is at the South Pole Our Pepe lives in Antarctica.
(Picture with poles)
IN. Antarctica- a huge piece of land covered with a thick layer of ice. There is an ocean around the mainland. This is the harshest region of the Earth. You won't find a colder place in the whole world. Sliding sun rays are unable to melt this ice. Strong winds bring more and more mountains of snow. There is so much of it that from such a quantity they become very heavy and turn into ice. And so from year to year, from century to century.
V. Well, it’s time to hit the road. Let's close, stand up, close our eyes and turn around ourselves 3 times.
“Spin once, spin twice
IN Find yourself in Antarctica».
(Picture Antarctica)
Main part
B. Open your eyes. So let's imagine that we are in Pepe's Antarctica. How beautiful it is here! Please listen to a short quatrain.
Under the frozen sky
Glaciers are sliding into the water
And they float away
Ice ships.
Q. What are we talking about? (Children's answers.)
(Picture "Icebergs")
B. Icebergs are huge mountains of ice that broke off from the icy shores and were carried out to sea by the current. The shapes of icebergs are the most amazing and quirky: either this is a giant snow-white swan, or an island with high mountains, gorges, waterfalls. There are icebergs that look like a ship with wind-blown sails, a pyramid, or a beautiful castle with turrets. Icebergs are very beautiful in sunny weather. They appear to be multi-colored. Most of the iceberg is hidden under water and we cannot see it. Therefore, they are very dangerous for ships. Why?
And now I suggest you check whether they sink or not.
(Ice experiment)
Q. Imagine that our cup of water is the sea, and the pieces of ice are icebergs. Place the ice in the water. Drowning?
(Children's answers.)
Q. Our small icebergs do not sink because the water pushes them out. Real icebergs are huge, but in the sea they float exactly like ours.
Q. Now I suggest you warm up a little.
Physical education minute: "Let's warm our hands".
B. There are no plants here because everything around is covered with ice. Animals find their food in the sea. But despite the cold in Animals live in Antarctica. Look at the picture. Here you will see a killer whale, a seal, a whale, a seal.
(Picture "Animals")
V. Also in Antarctica Albatross, petrel and pelican birds also live here.
(Picture "Birds")
Q. But the most interesting inhabitants are penguins. Guys, what do you think is a penguin an animal or a bird?
(Children's answers.)
B. Although penguins are birds, they cannot fly. On land, penguins are clumsy, but in water they become very fast and agile. Due to their short legs, penguins waddle. But penguins can swim very well. The wings make it possible to swim in the water, and the webbed feet, like those of geese and ducks, serve as a rudder.
(Picture "Swimmers")
Q. Penguins live mainly in cold regions of our planet. Why do you think they don't freeze?
(Children's answers.)
B. They have subcutaneous fat that helps them stay warm. I invite you to the table. Please take the feathers, which I have previously coated with fat and suggest you dip them in water.
(Experiment with feathers)
Q. Wet? Why?
(Children's answers.)
Q. When it gets very cold, penguins gather in a large group and huddle together to keep themselves and others warm. The penguins move and change places all the time, so everyone manages to be in the middle, where it is warmest.
(Picture "The Pack")
B. Penguins feed on fish, squid, and crabs.
(Picture "What do they eat")
Q. Penguins are a very friendly family; when mom goes swimming, dad takes the egg and holds it on his paws, covering it from the cold with a special fold of skin, hanging belly. Until mom comes, the penguin doesn't eat anything.
(Picture "Dads are males")
Physical education minute:
IN Antarctica - miracle bird, (arms to the sides, flapping wings)
That he is not afraid of frost (with three hands).
How good is a penguin? (show the penguin)
Very similar to a musician (a musician plays a drum!
V. And now, I want to see how attentive you are. If it’s right, we clap, if it’s wrong, we stomp.
IN Antarctica has a lot of snow and ice.
Are there rivers or forests there?
Is there a fox wandering through the forest?
Are there trees growing around?
And who is the penguin's friend?
Q. Of course, the penguin has a penguin friend. Look, I have a picture of Antarctica and there is a very sad little penguin, Pepe. He's all alone. How can we help him?
(Children's answers.)
Q. Let's look at our Pepe, because friends will be similar to our little penguin. Let's try to describe it. The penguin is wearing a snow-white shirt, with a yellow shirtfront, collar, and tie. Black tailcoat. The body is oval in shape. Feet like a duck or goose with webbed feet. The head is small with yellow or white cheeks.
Practical part.
Q. Each of you has a rectangle of black paper on your plate. We cut an oval out of it. From a black square - a circle, from a white one - a heart. Glue the heart onto the black circle. From small square cut out a circle and cut it in half - these are paws. From the white rectangle, the oval is the belly and chest. Let's glue the eyes. Come up with a name for your little penguin. All children love to play with toys; choose prepared toys for your penguins, as well as items of clothing. Whoever has finished, paste it onto our overall picture.
The final part.
Reflection.
Q. Guys, we have a real kindergarten of penguins. Now Pepe won't be bored. Were you able to help our little penguin?
(Children's answers.)
Q. How will the baby penguins play in kindergarten?
(Children's answers.)
Q. Guys, thank you, our penguin was satisfied.
TRIP TO ANTARCTICA
Prepared by:
teacher of MAOU "Progymnasium No. 119"
Saransk Republic of Mordovia
Bogdanova Zoya Alexandrovna
Goals and objectives:
To form in children an idea of the peculiarities of the nature of Antarctica, to continue to form ideas about the interdependence of living organisms on their environment (polar animals).
Antarctica – the pole of cold and winds
This is the most isolated continent on the planet. Antarctica is covered in ice. The fauna is concentrated on the coastline, so the life of all animals is connected with the sea and they are all marine predators. The most numerous are penguins.
What is the name of our planet? ( children's answers) That's right, Earth. The Earth has two poles. Which? ( children's answer: North and South. The Arctic, which lies near the North Pole, and Antarctica, which surrounds the South Pole.) The Arctic and Antarctica are real ice deserts. These are the coldest places on the planet. There are no plants here, and the few animals find their food in the sea. The air temperature reaches -80 degrees, there is snow all around, large ice floes, and a strong wind is blowing. We have already begun to get acquainted with some of the features of life in the polar regions. And today we will continue to discover the secrets of the South Pole - Antarctica.
Antarctica is the highest continent. The ice of Antarctica contains the largest supply of fresh water.
The climate of Antarctica is the coldest on Earth. In winter - minus 60-75ºC, in summer - up to minus 50ºC. On the coast - from 0ºC to minus 20ºC. In Antarctica, precipitation is only possible in the form of snow. The fallen snow forms new layers of ice, there are lakes and rivers. They appear in the summer, and in winter they are covered with an ice crust. There are many subglacial lakes. Of this amount - Lake Vostok, is non-freezing. The peculiarity of the flora and fauna of Antarctica is directly related to its climate. All animals live only where there is vegetation.
The waters around the mainland are rich in zooplankton, which is the main food for whales And seals, fur seals and penguins. And they also live here ice fish- amazing creatures that have adapted to life in ice water.
The flora of Antarctica is extremely poor. The largest number of algae here is about 700 species. The coast of the mainland and its ice-free plains are covered with mosses and lichens. But flowering plants only two types.
Colobanthus Quito belongs to the clove family, herbaceous plant cushion-shaped with small white and pale yellow flowers, does not exceed 5 cm.
Antarctic meadow grass belongs to the cereal family, grows up to 20 cm, tolerates frost well. It grows only in areas of land that are well illuminated by the sun.
All Antarctic plants have successfully adapted to the eternal cold. Their cells contain little water, and all processes occur very slowly.
Antarctic meadow grass
Colobanthus Quito
INHABITANTS OF THE COASTAL WATERS OF ANTARCTICA
GAME “FISHES, BIRDS, ANIMALS”
Do animals live in Antarctica? It turns out they live. This animal is a penguin, but the question is: who is he?
toothfish
icy
notothenia
killer whale
seal
albatross
skua
petrel
The penguin hunts for fish and swims well. May be. Is this a fish?
(No. He also lives on earth.)
- The penguin is fat and has difficulty moving on the ground, like a walrus.
- Could it be a sea animal?
(No, a penguin has a beak and wings, which means it is a bird.)
WHAT A PENGUIN BIRD LOOKS LIKE
The body of penguins is elongated and streamlined, the neck is short and thick, the head is proportional in size with a sharp beak. The wings are short, flipper-shaped, and the legs are very short with swimming membranes between the toes. Penguins' legs are not located in the middle of the body like all birds, but are placed far back. Because of this, penguins are forced to keep their bodies vertical to maintain balance. Penguins are flightless birds, but they dive and swim well, i.e. This waterfowl. All types of penguins have the same color - the head, back and wings are colored in dark colors(usually black or gray), the underparts are white. Some species have additional decorations in the form of tufts of golden feathers on the sides of the head. Penguins' feathers are distributed evenly over the entire surface of the body, while in other birds they grow in rows - pterilia. The feathers themselves are short and very hard, resembling scales. The tail plumage of these birds is so strong that penguins can lean on the tail with the entire weight of their body, like woodpeckers.
Golden haired penguin
Adelie Penguin
Little Penguin
Emperor penguin
Webbed feet help the penguin to row and swim quickly when swimming. On land, penguins are clumsy and clumsy, but in water they are fast and agile - because otherwise you won’t be able to catch a fish. Penguins have powerful feet with rough skin, adapted for walking on sharp ice and snowdrifts.
1. STRUCTURE OF FEET
Which secrets do waterfowl have?
Penguins' feet are webbed and look like flippers. Why do they look like flippers? (Children's answers: To make it comfortable for these birds to swim.) What birds do you know that have the same paws? (Children's answers: In geese and ducks.)
Why don't penguin feathers get wet? (Children's answers : They are covered with fat, like geese and ducks.)
Under the skin of the penguin there is a layer of fat, its thickness can reach three centimeters, and this subcutaneous protection prevents the penguin from freezing either in cold water or on land.
2. PLEASE
Penguins' plumage does not get wet, otherwise a wet penguin that crawled out of the sea in such frost would immediately turn into an icicle and die.
Wise nature provided the penguins with several layers of warm, durable feathers that can withstand icy winds blowing at a speed of more than 110 km/h at a temperature of -50 degrees. The feathers are arranged in three layers, they look like short hairs, fit tightly to each other and are equally distributed throughout the body.
How do penguin chicks appear?
1. Like all birds, penguins lay eggs and hatch chicks. In the most severe frost, the penguin lays one egg.
2. Then the father penguin takes the egg and holds it, holding it between its paws, pressing it to its lower abdomen, preventing it from touching the cold, icy ground. The father of the family will stand in the bitter cold and strong wind, almost motionless, protecting its future child, the egg is protected by folds of skin. During this period, the penguin does not eat anything.
3. When the chick hatches, the penguin returns, and the exhausted male goes in search of food. And now the mother is raising the baby.
4. At first, the chicks are covered only with down, so they need constant protection from the cold. They perch on their parents' legs, under a layer of feathers, where they warm themselves, clinging to the thick body of mom or dad.
Penguin "kindergarten"
When the penguin chicks stand up, they are sent to the penguin “kindergarten”, where they will be among other babies under the supervision of adult penguins.
A snowstorm can bring a lot of worries and troubles. At such a moment, the only way out for the chicks is to gather as closely as possible to each other. ...
Predators lie in wait for penguins in the water and, as scientists suggest, this is precisely the reason for the penguins’ fear of water. They never rush into the water immediately, but slowly approach it in a group, and since no one wants to dive first, they stomp on the shore for a long time. Often this procedure takes more than 30 minutes until there is a brave person who gets tired of this fuss and desperately jumps into the water, followed by the whole group right away.
While the penguin chicks are in the “kindergarten”, the parents go to sea to get food for the babies. In the sea, penguins are guarded by dangerous predators: leopard seals (seals), killer whales.
HOW TO SAVE YOURSELF FROM PREDATORS?
DANGER AT SEA
(QUICKLY SWIMM AWAY.)
Penguins can not only swim quickly and agilely. They can. Like a cork, jump vertically out of the water onto the icy shore, escaping pursuit. Penguins are the most perfect of all swimming birds! In the water, these birds give the impression of fish: they easily and naturally glide through its thickness, periodically jumping out of the water like dolphins. They dive to depths of up to 100 m! Penguins feed on crustaceans or fish, and they catch them on the move. In search of food, they can spend several hours in the water, swimming up to 25 km per day.
On land, penguins face another threat: skuas and petrels are robbing their colonies. These birds steal both eggs and chicks. Parents, as best they can, protect and fight off their chicks from skuas. Sometimes they succeed. Chick mortality reaches 50-70%
DANGER ON LAND
Humans also contributed to the destruction of penguins. Previously, the colonies of these birds were ravaged by sailors and local residents in order to collect eggs and chicks, from which the fat was rendered. Galapagos and magnificent penguins are now endangered due to habitat disturbance.
If the penguin is “in a hurry,” it switches to cruising planing, lying on its stomach on the ice and pushing off with its hind legs.
Penguins move quickly from the mountain, sliding down lying on their stomachs.
Moving on their stomachs, penguins can reach speeds of up to 6 km/h
To keep warm, penguins often stand on their tails and heels, with their paws raised above the ground. On land, penguins move slowly, “waddling”; due to the vertical position of the body and short legs, they mince in small, awkward steps. But these birds can also make short jumps, storming coastal cliffs.
INTERESTING ABOUT PENGUINS
Adult emperor penguins gather in large circles, with their backs turned to the biting wind to keep warm. In such a group they can raise the temperature by twenty degrees. Birds with more wind blowing at their backs move in periodic waves, constantly changing the structure of the group, which allows birds from the outer row to eventually move inside the flock, and then to the middle of the circle. The penguins constantly change places, allowing everyone to warm up. A well-coordinated system allows all birds to stay warm. This is how emperor penguins manage to stay warm in their cold homeland. They get so warm that they are forced to cool down from time to time. Penguins can preen their feathers to cool down slightly and spread their wings, exposing their bodies to the cold arctic winds.
HOW ADULT PENGUINS KEEP WARM
FOOD CHAIN OF ANTARCTICA ANIMALS
Questions for the lesson:
1. Where do penguins live? 2. What do penguins eat? 3. How are penguins born? 4. Do penguins live alone or in flocks? 5. How does a penguin move on land and in water? 6. Why do penguins have webbed paws? 7. Can penguins fly? 8. Why does a penguin need to be plump, with a reserve of fat?
Summing up the lesson
The journey was interesting, bright, and I immediately decided that I would definitely take my young friends to the South Pole. But I had no idea what we would do there.
Yes, there are penguins there, yes, this is the coldest place on the planet, but can you really get far on such a stingy base? But as soon as I immersed myself in the topic of Antarctica, started reading articles about this place, all the questions about what to do at the South Pole disappeared by themselves. This is simply an amazing place, very multifaceted, original and absolutely delightful for anyone who seeks knowledge and adventure. And if you are one of those, then read on, I will tell you everything I know and show you how interesting it is to present new information to children.
1. Presentation and map. Intelligence!
It is better to start all geographical studies by looking at the map, looking for the place where we are now and the place where we are going. Just as quickly, it seems to me, it is necessary to introduce children to the main features of the subject being studied, and this is best done through presentation. I prepared a dozen photographs on the topic of Antarctica, which eloquently showed everything that I was going to tell the guys soon. If anyone needs this collection, then leave your email in the comments, I will send it to you. 
2. Day-Night! Activity!
Just like at the North Pole, at the South Pole there is day for half the year and night for half the year. Everyone liked the active running game from the last lesson, so I used it this time too. At the word "day" everyone runs around different sides, and at the word “night” everyone gathers in place. It’s also ideal to turn the light on and off :-)
3. Summer-Winter! Activity, sorting!
At both the North and South Pole there are only two seasons: summer and winter. Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth, although it seems to be in the south :-) The coldest low temperature, which was recorded by scientists -89 degrees Celsius, brrrr...
In summer the temperature reaches -15 -25 degrees, which is also somewhat cool :-) But it is thanks to the eternal frost that the massive glaciers, which represent the largest storage facilities, do not melt drinking water in the world.
In order to touch on this topic with the children at least a little, I prepared a sorting game. In the bag I had summer and winter cards (I found them on Google by searching for winter bingo and summer bingo, there are many different ones there). The children's task was to understand which season, for example, a mug of cocoa, a swimsuit or a figure skater belonged to, and hang the card at the appropriate level on a clothespin.
4. Penguins! Creation!
The South and North Poles are similar in many ways, including the fact that at both you can observe the aurora - sparkling pictures in the black night sky. This fact, as well as business card I invited the children to play with penguins in Antarctica creatively. The first thing we did was wet the paper with clean water.
We tried to paint without sparing water. And the wet drawing was generously sprinkled with salt.
If you do not overdo it with water, then after shaking off the excess salt, you can immediately begin painting the templates. I cut out little penguins, and the kids painted over the empty space with black gouache.
Well, and the last nuance - white bellies, here the Antarctic picture is ready :-) Many creators after finishing added more salt to make it snowy :-)
Here's another idea for an Antarctic craft. Kamilkina's homework :-)
5. Penguin eggs! Activity!
It was impossible to part with penguins so easily, therefore, to reinforce the theme a little that they are birds, although not flying, but also lay eggs, thus breeding offspring. They live in large families and choose a mate for life. And only males sit on the eggs. Well, the kids and I played saving testicles. I drew marks on a long piece of wallpaper. The task was to follow the drawings one after another (somewhere on one leg, somewhere jumping over) and carry the penguin egg (kinder) on a spoon in your teeth to your destination :-) We played a lot of fun!
6. Scientists! Fine motor skills, sensory sensations!
Antarctica, unlike the Arctic, is a continent, a large part of the once united land of Gondwana. This continent is the only one that does not belong to anyone and on which people do not live. The only people who spend any time in this harsh climate are scientists who come to the South Pole in search of new knowledge, including about the fertile land rich in plants and animals that Antarctica was before Gondwanaland broke up . The most common way to study is to cut down ice cylinders, the study of which can help make interesting discoveries or discover unexpected finds.
My kids also looked for secrets in the ice icicles that were made from silicone IKEA molds. In the middle of each there was an unusual pebble, for this I froze the ice in two stages. Young scientists defrosted their mini-cylinders using warm water, salt, syringes and spoons. And we were very proud of our finds :-) 
7. Meteorites! Fine motor skills!
Antarctica is the leader in meteorite finds! And this is not surprising, because it is always easier to notice black on white than, for example, on green or brown :-) Scientists are very actively studying all finds. So my young researchers took it upon themselves to deliver samples to the research center. I prepared two boxes with material for them: in one there is dry snow made from semolina and salt, and in the second there is a favorite mixture of starch and sunflower oil. Each box contains a bunch of meteorite pebbles; you can’t touch them with your hands, you need to use tools. For a dry mixture - sifting strainers from a fixed price for tea, and for a thick mixture - tongs, also from a fixed price.
And this is our research station - a box with cells, it was possible to fasten several containers for eggs, but I found a ready-made design made from chocolate bunnies :-)
8. Volcanoes. Experiments!
Antarctica, despite the frosts, is also known for its active volcanoes. Erebus is the largest of them. And that’s exactly what I recreated for the kids using wet soda pressed tightly into a plastic cup. We caused an eruption with tinted watercolors apple cider vinegar first using pipettes, and then scooping with spoons :-) And, of course, this was the most spectacular part of our adventure :-)
9. Dry valleys and astronauts. Activity!
At the South Pole there is amazing places- dry valleys, where, according to scientific research, there has been no precipitation for more than 2 million years. Animals cannot survive there; there is bare land and frozen salt lakes. This is the largest and driest desert in the world, even the Sahara is far from it. The unusual climate of this place attracts astronauts here, because it is partly similar to the climate of Mars, and it is here that new NASA models are periodically tested. We played with this information with the children using balloons on which they drew their astronauts. The task was to prevent the balls from falling to the floor for as long as possible!
10. aurora! Impressions!
Well, the last thing my little explorers and I did was create our own southern lights using sparklers in the dark! There was, of course, a lot of squeaking, screaming and delight :-)
Our adventure was over, but the gaming evening continued. The children could not part with Antarctica and once they felt like scientists they no longer wanted to part with this role, so they played with snow boxes for a long time, mixed their composition, added them to soda volcanoes... And most of the children also asked to take the resulting chemical compositions to our home, and we wrapped them pieces of the South Pole in food boxes :-))) 
What a bright adventure trip we had! I will be very glad if our script is useful to you too! We wish you bright games and unforgettable impressions!
Natalya Gregorova
Video presentation “Antarctica: plant and underwater world» for children preparatory group
Hello guys!
We meet again. Today I will introduce you to flora and underwater world of Antarctica.
On the edge of our planet lies, like a sleeping princess, a land covered in blue.
Ominous and beautiful, she lies in a frosty slumber, in the folds of a mantle of snow,
glowing with amethysts and emeralds of ice. She sleeps in the shimmer of the Moon and the Sun, and her horizons are painted in pink, gold, green and blue pastel tones.
Throughout the territory Antarctica, which exceeds the area of Europe, there are no trees or shrubs. All Antarctica's vegetation consists of mosses, algae, lichens and several species of flowering plants plants.
Antarctica is the only continent where ants do not live. On the mainland, scientists have found 67 species of ticks and 4 species of lice. There are fleas, lice eaters and the ubiquitous mosquitoes. And wingless mosquitoes, jet-black in color, live only in Antarctica. These are the only insects that can be classified entirely as land animals. Most insects were brought to the shores of the southern continent by birds.
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Antarctica is an ice-covered continent located in the extreme south of our planet. In 1959, an international treaty on Antarctica was signed, according to which it is prohibited to build industrial and military facilities there. The entire continent is available to scientists for research, which is why Antarctica is called the continent of scientists. More than 60 research stations have been built in Antarctica. Scientists from many countries around the world work there. Our planet's pole of cold is located in Central Antarctica. At Vostok station on August 24, 1960. The temperature recorded was -88.3C. The average temperature in winter months is from -60C to -70C, in summer from -30C to -50C. VegetationSightsAnimals
Scientists have proven that Antarctica was previously a green city. And under the ice there are mountains, valleys, plains, former river beds, bowls of former lakes. Millions of years ago there was no eternal winter on this earth. It was warm and green here, the forests rustled, swayed under warm winds tall grasses, animals gathered to drink on the banks of rivers and lakes, birds fluttered in the sky. Now Antarctica has a rather sparse flora and fauna. The vegetation here is lichens, mosses and freshwater algae. AnimalsSights Home
Lichens are plants without roots, leaves or flowers. There are about 300 species. Lichens can be found on all ice-free land areas. They grow very slowly, but live quite a long time. According to scientists, some of them are more than 10 thousand years old. VegetationAnimalsSights Home
There are about 100 species of mosses in Antarctica. This is a moisture-loving plant. Although mosses may appear delicate and weak, they are actually quite hardy. After all, the Antarctic environment is not very suitable for plant life. VegetationAnimalsSights Home
Freshwater algae settle in reservoirs in the summer, as well as on the surface of snow that melts in the summer under the sun. Clusters of microscopic algae of red, green and yellow create colorful spots on the surface. From a distance, colonies of microscopic green algae resemble lawns. VegetationAnimalsSights Home
Antarctica lacks land mammals, winged insects and freshwater fish. But, despite this, more than 100 thousand penguins nest near Mirny, many petrels, skuas, and various types seals and leopard seals. Also in Antarctica there are such species of animals as the elephant seal, southern fur seal, minke whale, cape dove, white plover, marbled notothenia, Antarctic toothfish, white-blooded pike, Antarctic lykod, Antarctic calanus, Antarctic krill, Antarctic starfish. VegetationSights Home
Adélie penguins are common on the mainland, chinstrap penguins with a white stripe on their noses, and emperor penguins with orange spots on the sides of their necks. The penguin is a sea bird that hunts exclusively in the sea. Not far from the rocky coast, adult penguins teach young ones how to hunt. They feed on fish, squid and krill. Penguins can drink both fresh and salt water. If necessary, snow will compensate for the lack of moisture. All penguins hatch chicks. Penguins live 7-20 years, some perhaps longer. VegetationAnimalsSights Home
Seals are well adapted to life in cold seas: their entire body, including a short tail and flippers, is covered with thick, coarse hair that protects against ice water, wind, snow and ice. Under the skin is thick layer fat They feed on fish, as well as squid and octopus. The largest of them is the Wedell seal, up to 3 m long. In winter, it lives under the ice, breathing through vent holes. The most common seal in Antarctica is the crabeater seal, reaching a length of 2.5 m. VegetationAnimalsSights Home
The elephant seal is a type of seal and belongs to the pinniped family. Elephants stand out among all seals for their enormous size, weight - and trunks (a long hanging nose, reminiscent of a trunk, which is why they were called that). Adult elephants can be almost 6 meters long and weigh more than 3 tons. The elephant spends most of its life in the ocean. He can hold his breath for more than 120 minutes. A family of elephant seals usually gives birth to one calf weighing from 40 to 45 kilograms VegetationAnimalsSights Home
The killer whale is the largest dolphin. In primitive times it had a reputation as a formidable predator, but in lately people have learned to relate to him common language. People were afraid of this predator most likely because of its huge appearance. It grows up to 8 meters in length. The killer whale's body is dark with large white spots. They feed mainly on fish, shellfish, and penguins, but are also capable of attacking the largest whales, dolphins, sea lions and elephant seals. Therefore, all sea inhabitants, seeing a herd of killer whales or hearing their voices, try to swim away as quickly as possible. VegetationAnimalsSights Home
"Dry Valleys" are unusual in that no rain has fallen there for at least two million years. They have no ice or snow because the air is too dry (ice-free areas in Antarctica are called "oases") , according to many scientists, this is the driest place on the planet. Despite their appearance, the valleys support some of the most unusual life forms on the planet. American biologists have discovered seaweed, fungi and bacteria living inside the rocks. VegetationAnimalsAttractions Home.
An iceberg is a large, free-floating piece of ice in the ocean or sea. Icebergs form constantly off the coast of Antarctica. Entire ice fields plow the vast expanses of the World Ocean for decades until they melt. Icebergs more than 300 km long and about 100 km wide have been found in the waters of Antarctica. VegetationAnimalsSights Home
Mount Erebus is the southernmost active volcano on Earth. Height 3794 m, located on Ross Island, where there are 3 other extinct volcanoes. Erebus volcano was discovered in 1841 by polar explorer Sir James Clark Ross. The volcano was named after Erebus, the ancient Greek god, son of Chaos. VegetationAnimalsSights Home
The South Pole is the point at which the Earth's imaginary axis of rotation intersects its surface in the Southern Hemisphere. The South Pole is located in Antarctica at an altitude of 2800 meters. The ice thickness at the South Pole is 2840 meters. VegetationAnimalsSights Home
