What top dressing do strawberry seedlings need for successful development and a good harvest? Growing strawberries from seeds Top dressing for seedlings of strawberries from seeds

We sowed or planted most of the plants in the spring and it seems that in the middle of summer we can already relax. But experienced gardeners know that July is the time of planting vegetables for a late harvest and the possibility of longer storage. This also applies to potatoes. Early summer potato harvest is best used quickly, it is not suitable for long-term storage. But the second crop of potatoes is exactly what is needed for winter and spring consumption.

Astrakhan tomatoes ripen remarkably lying on the ground, but you should not repeat this experience in the Moscow region. Our tomatoes need support, support, a garter. My neighbors use all sorts of pegs, garters, loops, ready-made plant supports, and mesh fences. Each method of fixing the plant in an upright position has its own advantages and " side effects". I'll tell you how I place tomato bushes on trellises, and what comes of it.

Bulgur with pumpkin is a dish for every day, which is easy to prepare in half an hour. Bulgur is boiled separately, the cooking time depends on the size of the grains - whole and coarse grinding for about 20 minutes, fine grinding for just a few minutes, sometimes the cereal is simply poured with boiling water, like couscous. While the cereal is cooking, prepare the pumpkin in sour cream sauce and then combine the ingredients. If you replace ghee with vegetable oil, and sour cream with soy cream, then it can be included in the lenten menu.

Flies are a sign of unsanitary conditions and carriers of infectious diseases that are dangerous for both humans and animals. People are constantly looking for ways to get rid of nasty insects. In this article, we will talk about the Zlobny TED brand, which specializes in fly protection products and knows a lot about them. The manufacturer has developed a specialized line of drugs to get rid of flying insects anywhere quickly, safely and without extra costs.

The summer months are the time for hydrangeas to bloom. This beautiful deciduous shrub is luxuriously fragrant with flowers from June to September. Florists willingly use large inflorescences for wedding decors and bouquets. To admire the beauty of a flowering hydrangea bush in your garden, you should take care of the proper conditions for it. Unfortunately, some hydrangeas do not bloom year after year, despite the care and efforts of gardeners. Why this happens, we will tell in the article.

Every summer resident knows that plants need nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for full development. These are the three main macronutrients, the deficiency of which significantly affects appearance and yield of plants, and in advanced cases can lead to their death. But at the same time, not everyone understands the importance of other macro- and microelements for plant health. And they are important not only in themselves, but also for the effective absorption of the same nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Garden strawberries, or strawberries, as we used to call them, are one of the early fragrant berries that summer generously endows us with. How we rejoice in this harvest! In order for the "berry boom" to repeat every year, we need to take care of the care of the berry bushes in the summer (after the end of fruiting). The laying of flower buds, from which ovaries will form in spring, and berries in summer, begins approximately 30 days after the end of fruiting.

Spicy pickled watermelon is a savory snack for fatty meat. Watermelons and watermelon rinds have been pickled since time immemorial, but the process is laborious and time consuming. According to my recipe, it’s easy to cook pickled watermelon in 10 minutes, and it will be ready by the evening. spicy snack. The watermelon marinated with spices and chili is stored in the refrigerator for several days. Be sure to keep the jar in the refrigerator, not only for the sake of preservation - chilled, this snack is just licking your fingers!

Among the variety of species and hybrids of philodendrons, there are many plants, both gigantic and compact. But not a single species competes in unpretentiousness with the main modest - blushing philodendron. True, his modesty does not concern the appearance of the plant. Reddening stems and cuttings, huge leaves, long shoots, forming, although very large, but also strikingly elegant silhouette, look very elegant. Philodendron blushing requires only one thing - at least minimal care.

Thick Chickpea Soup with Vegetables and Egg - an easy recipe for a hearty first course inspired by oriental cuisine. Similar thick soups prepared in India, Morocco, countries of Southeast Asia. The tone is set by spices and seasonings - garlic, chili, ginger and a bouquet of spicy spices, which can be assembled to your liking. It is better to fry vegetables and spices in melted butter (ghee) or mix olive oil and butter, it's certainly not the same, but similar in taste.

Plum - well, who does not know her ?! She is loved by many gardeners. And all because it has an impressive list of varieties, it surprises excellent harvests, pleases with its variety in terms of ripening and a huge selection of color, shape and taste of fruits. Yes, somewhere she feels better, somewhere worse, but almost no summer resident refuses to grow her on her plot. Today it can be found not only in the south, in middle lane, but also in the Urals, in Siberia.

Many ornamental and fruit crops, except for drought-resistant ones, suffer from the scorching sun, and conifers in the winter-spring period - from the sun's rays, enhanced by the reflection from the snow. In this article we will talk about a unique preparation for protecting plants from sunburn and droughts - Sunshet Agrosuccess. The problem is relevant for most regions of Russia. February and early March Sun rays become more active, and the plants are not yet ready for new conditions.

“Each vegetable has its own time”, and each plant has its own optimal time for planting. Anyone who has experienced planting is well aware that the hot season for planting is spring and autumn. This is due to several factors: in spring, the plants have not yet started to grow rapidly, there is no sweltering heat, and precipitation often falls. However, no matter how hard we try, circumstances often develop in such a way that landings have to be carried out at the very height of summer.

Chile con carne translated from Spanish- chili with meat. This is a Texan and Mexican dish whose main ingredients are chili peppers and minced beef. In addition to the main products bow goes, carrots, tomatoes, beans. This red lentil chili recipe is delicious! The dish is fiery, burning, very satisfying and amazingly tasty! You can cook a large pot, arrange in containers and freeze - a whole week will be a delicious dinner.

Cucumber is one of the most beloved garden crops of our summer residents. However, not all and not always gardeners manage to get a really good harvest. And although growing cucumbers requires regular attention and care, there is a little secret that will significantly increase their yield. It's about pinching cucumbers. Why, how and when to pinch cucumbers, we will tell in the article. An important point The agricultural technique of cucumbers is their formation, or type of growth.

Tender and tasty garden strawberries, beloved by gardeners, can be seen on almost every summer cottage or garden. personal plot. Often this berry is called a strawberry, although in fact, according to official science, strawberries are small wild berries. You can propagate strawberries with a mustache or by dividing a bush, but if you want to grow in your garden new variety fragrant berries, you should resort to the seed method of reproduction. To do this, the seeds are sown on seedlings in winter or spring. Planting dates depend on the climate of the region and when you want to harvest.

When to sow strawberries for seedlings in 2019?

In order to get a harvest of berries this season, strawberry (strawberry) seeds should be planted in winter. You can sow until April, but the spring planting of the crop this year will not bring.

According to Lunar calendar, plant strawberry seeds on seedlings should be on the following days:

January: the best days are 15 and 17, but you can start planting any day from the 7th to the 20th;
February: 6th and 7th most auspicious days, 9, 11 and 12 numbers can also be sown;
March: from 7 to 20, but the most best days sowing milk - 8, 14, 15;
April: from 7 to 17;
May: from the 6th to the 17th.

In early February and March (from the 1st to the 5th), it is better not to engage in planting, since, according to the lunar calendar, these days are not suitable for crops. Seedlings will be weak if strawberry seeds are sown for seedlings at the end of April after the 17th.

Growing strawberry seedlings at home

About preparing seeds and soil for planting garden strawberries(strawberries) should be taken care of about two weeks before the sowing date.

Seed preparation

If the seeds are purchased in a store, then they may already be processed and do not require soaking. For seeds collected at the site and purchased planting material that has not been processed, the following procedures must be carried out:

Soak for half an hour in a 0.5% solution of potassium permanganate and rinse well under running water.
Wrap the seeds in a damp gauze or cloth folded in several layers, which must be placed in a container with small holes or a cellophane bag with holes.
hold soaked planting material first 2 days in the warmth, and then 14 days in the vegetable drawer of the refrigerator.

Seeds must be inspected every day and, if necessary, moisten the cloth.

Attention! Sow should be swollen seeds on which sprouts have not yet appeared. Otherwise, the sprouts may break off during planting and nothing will grow from the seeds!

Planting material can be stratified in another way:

Sow the seeds swollen in heat in dry soil placed in a seedling container.
Cover crops with 2 cm thick snow.
Cover the container with foil or a lid.
Put on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator, where the snow will slowly melt and moisten the planting material.
After 14 days, place the container with the crops on the windowsill.

If the planting material is not pre-soaked and stratified, the seeds will germinate for a very long time. Shoots can appear only 30-40 days after sowing.

Soil preparation

For garden strawberries, not very fertile, loose and light soil is needed. From the store, a substrate for Violets, Begonias and Universal is suitable. You can independently prepare the soil mixture from the following components:

sand - 2 parts;
sod land - 1 part;
peat - 1 part.

Suitable for strawberries and the following composition:

coarse sand - 1 part;
non-acidic peat - 3 parts;
biohumus - 1 part.

The land bought in the store can be used immediately, and the ground prepared by yourself should be disinfected. To do this, you can use one of the following methods:

warm in the oven at +150 degrees for 30 minutes;
5 minutes burn in the microwave;
hold over a water bath;
pour a dark solution of potassium permanganate.

The earth that has undergone the disinfection procedure is placed in a bag and placed in a warm place for two weeks, where during this time bacteria useful for plants will form and develop in it.

Preparing seed containers

For growing strawberry seedlings, it is recommended to use plastic containers or other similar, not very deep containers. They are treated with a strong solution of potassium permanganate, after which drainage holes are made in the containers, the bottom is covered with drainage and the containers are filled with soil.

Sowing strawberry seeds for seedlings

The compacted moist soil should be carefully loosened with a toothpick and seeds should be distributed over its surface. The distance between them should be at least 3-4 cm. The crops are carefully sprayed with a gentle stream of water from a spray bottle and covered with polyethylene. Planting material should germinate in a bright and warm place with an air temperature within +25 degrees. East and west windows are best suited for this, where there is light and no direct sunlight.

Until seedlings appear, crops should be ventilated every day and check the soil moisture. In no case should it dry out. As soon as upper layer the soil begins to dry out, it is sprayed from a spray bottle with warm water.

Care for strawberries at home

The swollen seeds will hatch in about 14-20 days, after which the seedlings will need to be placed in a well-lit, but cool place. So that the seedlings do not stretch out, they need an air temperature of about + 18 ... + 20 degrees. You do not need to remove the film from the container immediately. Seedlings ventilate daily and, if necessary, moisten the soil. The airing time is gradually increased every day, thus accustoming the seedlings to home growing conditions. When the first true leaves appear on the sprouts, the film will need to be removed completely.

Strawberry pick

Densely sown seedlings are thinned out, and when 2-4 true leaves appear on them, the seedlings are seated in separate pots. Optimal dimensions containers for picking strawberries - about 10 cm deep and 8-10 cm in diameter. Cups with drainage holes are filled with drainage and soil, after which, together with a clod of earth, a strawberry seedling is transferred into them. Seedlings should be pulled out of the old container carefully so as not to damage the roots. If the roots of the plants are tangled, then you will have to get all the bushes, place them in warm water, and when the roots are freed from the ground, carefully separate the seedlings from each other. Before planting in a pot, seedlings should pinch the central root.

When planting strawberries, remember that root collar plants should always remain at ground level!

The transplanted seedlings are watered, and for their better survival, you can drop a little Kornevin or another stimulating solution into the soil.

After picking, strawberry seedlings are grown at temperatures from +18 to +25 degrees.

Watering strawberries

Both a lack of moisture and waterlogging of the soil can lead to the death of seedlings, so watering seedlings should be taken with all responsibility.

While the seedlings are under the film, they are rarely watered or not watered at all, since moisture is retained in the "greenhouse". Condensation is removed from the film every day while airing the seedlings so that the tender seedlings do not get sick with a black leg and die. This is a very dangerous disease for seedlings, which plants are affected by excessive waterlogging.

Watering should be regular, but moderate. It is necessary to moisten the soil with settled or melt water. So that the earth does not wash out, the soil under the bushes is moistened with a spray bottle. This must be done so that water does not fall on the leaves.

Additional lighting for strawberry seedlings

Plants planted in February or March will need additional lighting so that the seedlings receive light for 13-14 hours. However, when the seedlings begin to appear, the first three days of additional lighting should work around the clock.

Simple incandescent lamps are not suitable for this, because the wrong rays come from them and they exude unnecessary plants. warm air. For illumination, you can use fluorescent or LED lights or phytolamps. They are installed so that there is a distance of 20-25 cm between them and the seedlings.

Feeding strawberry seedlings

Strawberries should be fed after 4 true leaves appear on the plants. For this, fertilizers are used, which include phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. These fertilizers are:

Mortar;
Aquarin;
Kemira luxury.

They should not be used according to the instructions, but the solution should be made with a concentration half as much. Top dressing is introduced once every 10-14 days, alternating fertilizers.

Strawberry pests

At home, with dry indoor air and a lack of moisture, spider mites can settle on plants. They feed on the juice of the leaves, as a result of which the foliage turns yellow and the seedlings weaken. Pests must be eradicated immediately as they are also vectors viral diseases. discover spider mites you can use a thin cobweb on plants or small dots on the back of the leaves. They are destroyed by spraying with special preparations: Aktara, Aktellik, Karbofos, Fitoverm.

Diseases and treatment of strawberry seedlings

What can seedlings hurt and how to cure it?

Blackleg

First of all, one should be wary of the “black leg” disease, the causes of which we wrote above. Grown at high humidity plants can be affected by fungi, as a result of which the stem becomes soft, which soon begins to turn black. After a few days, the bushes die, as the stems break. Such seedlings can no longer be saved, and not yet affected plants should be transplanted into new soil and watered with a fungicide solution.

seedlings rot

Stagnation of water in the roots can lead to their decay. After a while, the plant itself will begin to turn yellow, blacken and rot. This can happen not only because of frequent, abundant watering, but also if the drainage hole becomes clogged. In this case excess water will not be able to spill out of containers or pots and will stagnate in the roots, which will begin to rot.

To save the strawberries, the bushes should be taken out, their roots washed in a solution of potassium permanganate or Fitosporin and planted in a new land.

Seedlings of strawberries dry up

If you water the plants rarely or often, but little by little, only the top layer of the substrate will be wetted. As a result, the soil in the root area will be dry almost all the time, and the strawberry bushes will begin to dry out.

In this case, containers with seedlings are placed in a basin of water so that the soil is saturated with water through the drainage holes. After a few minutes, the plantings are put in their place and subsequently watered not too often, but plentifully.

If the color of the leaves has changed

Leaves on seedlings can change their color for several reasons:

marble color appears due to lack of magnesium in the soil;
chlorotic spots - due to lack of iron;
the tips of the leaves turn yellow and twist if there is not enough potassium;
the underside of the foliage turns purple due to a lack of phosphorus;
pale green, small and thinned leaves signal a lack of nitrogen;
leaves can change color even with an excess of fertilizers, therefore, when feeding seedlings, solutions with a lower concentration are used than for adult plants.

Strawberry seedlings are pulled out

So that the seedlings do not stretch out, they are provided with sufficient lighting and grown in a room where it is not hot. Seedlings planted in winter and early spring definitely need additional lighting and air temperature within +20 degrees.

Oversaturation of the soil with nitrogen can also lead to seedlings stretching. In this case, watering is reduced, top dressing is completely stopped, and the plants are placed in a well-lit place with a lower temperature.

If the seedlings are thick, they must be thinned out. Otherwise, the bushes will begin to obscure each other and stretch.

When to plant strawberries in the ground?

The timing of planting seedlings of strawberries on the beds depends on climatic conditions region. In any case, the soil on the site should warm up to +12 degrees. As soon as warm weather sets in and there is no sub-zero temperature even at night, it's time to plant strawberries in open ground.

About 10 days before this, seedlings should begin to harden off. It is taken out to the site or balcony and left for several hours for fresh air. By the date of planting, the plants should already be fully adapted and be on the street during the day.

Site preparation

The soil should be sandy or loamy, well fertilized and neutral. If the land in the place chosen for strawberries is acidic, then a year before planting the crop, it should be neutralized.

Prepare a bed for planting strawberries should be in the fall. To do this, they dig it up and fertilize each square meter:

humus or compost - 3 kg;
double superphosphate - 30 g;
sulfate or potassium chloride - 20 g.

In the spring, the earth in the garden is loosened and the same amount of humus or compost is added. Loosening is done with a chopper to a depth of ten centimeters.

Planting strawberries

It is recommended to plant plants in open ground in cloudy weather or in the evening. Depending on the variety of strawberries, holes should be made on the site prepared for planting berries with a distance between rows of 40 to 70 cm. The distance between strawberry bushes should be from 20 to 40 cm.

A nutrient soil mixture should be poured into each hole, after adding a couple of glasses of wood ash to it. A seedling is placed on a hill from the ground and its roots are straightened, which must be covered with soil. To prevent air from remaining between the roots, the earth is poured in parts and immediately watered.

The bushes should be deepened so that the heart is flush with the ground. Correct fit strawberries you can see in the photo. If the heart is too high above the soil, then the roots will become bare and begin to dry, and if it is immersed in the ground, then the apical buds will dry out and die.

Planted plants must be watered, and the soil around them should be sprinkled with mulch in the form of peat. Mulch with a layer of 3-5 cm will not allow moisture to evaporate quickly, and the soil will not be covered with a crust.

Sowing seeds of strawberries according to the lunar calendar, proper care of seedlings and well-made planting in open ground are the most necessary conditions for the growth and development of strawberries at the initial stage of growing a crop, which, when early sowing will give a harvest this year. You can find out how and when to plant correctly if you follow the highlighted links.

Not all summer residents decide to propagate strawberries with seeds. And this is understandable. Whatever manufacturers of planting material write on bright packaging, growing strawberries from seeds is a troublesome business. Seeds sprout for a long time, and often disappear altogether; seedlings look fragile and small, you have to dive with tweezers; it is unacceptable to overmoisten the seedling soil, and even more so it is impossible to overdry ... So many worries!

Nevertheless, growing strawberries or strawberries from seeds has its advantages. If you want to improve the health of your berry, try new interesting varieties and are not afraid of any difficulties, go for it! And we will help you with useful advice ...

First of all, we advise you to pay attention to small-fruited varieties of remontant strawberries. It is less capricious than strawberries, it costs less, and the chances of getting good seedlings a lot more. In the future, having gained experience, you will move on to growing large-fruited varieties.

You can plant strawberries for seedlings both in February and in April. Everything will depend on your conditions.

Whoever is ready to provide the strawberries with the lightest window sill or illuminate the seedlings for 12-14 hours a day can safely sow seeds in early February and have the right to expect the first harvest of berries this season.

Well, for those who have all the window sills already occupied by tomatoes and peppers, it is not forbidden to plant strawberries in March or at the very beginning of April. Perhaps this season, such bushes will not be able to bear fruit, but next year they will show themselves in all their glory.

Soil preparation for strawberry seedlings

The main properties necessary for strawberries are lightness and water permeability. To achieve the desired quality, some gardeners advise sifting the soil mixture through a sieve. The following mixtures are best suited for strawberry seedlings:

Option 1:

garden land

Option 2:

Option 3:

Option 4:

Option 5:

sod land

Option 6:

In order to disinfect the soil as much as possible, it is either calcined, or frozen, or shed in advance with a solution of potassium permanganate.

Stratification of seeds and sowing for seedlings

That's why summer residents don't like to mess with strawberry seedlings so much! Because of the notorious stratification, which in this case cannot be bypassed.

Stratification is the creation of seeds conditions for germination close to natural. The strawberry seeds that we have on hand, roughly speaking, are sleeping. Growth blockers work to the fullest - special substances that prevent the germination of seeds before the onset of a favorable period. The task of the gardener is to artificially create all the conditions for the seeds so that they “come out of hibernation” faster and start growing.

How to stratify strawberry seeds? You can go the traditional way and keep the seeds on a damp cloth in the refrigerator for a week, and then carefully sow in the ground. Or you can “kill two birds with one stone” by combining stratification with sowing.

Strawberry seeds are most conveniently sown in plastic containers with a lid, after making several drainage holes in their bottom. Such a container is filled with soil mixture, not reaching the edge by a couple of centimeters. Slightly moisten the soil so that small seeds do not fall too deep, and then evenly distribute the seeds over the surface. They are not covered with earth, and the two or two and a half centimeters remaining to the top of the container are filled with snow. Close the lid of the container and send it to the refrigerator for two weeks.

In the refrigerator, the snow will gradually melt and go into the soil, dragging the seeds with it. This is exactly what happens in natural conditions spring. This is exactly what we were aiming for!

After the expiration of the stratification period, the container with the planted seeds is put on the windowsill. You don’t need to open the lid yet, you usually don’t need to water either (there is usually enough moisture from melted snow). But to arrange additional lighting is not forbidden.

After 10-15 days (in some varieties after a month), the first shoots appear.

Caring for seedlings of strawberries before planting in the ground

With the advent of seedlings, the lid of the box must be periodically opened (or holes made in it). Young seedlings are not recommended to be opened immediately and permanently in order to avoid rapid evaporation of moisture. Constant moisture (but not waterlogging) of the soil is one of the key points in the cultivation of strawberry seedlings.

When sowing seeds in a plastic transparent container with a lid, it is very convenient to monitor the level of humidity. If the lid of the container looks a little foggy, everything is fine; if there is so much condensate that it collects in drops on the lid, then there is excess moisture in the soil, and it is necessary to ventilate the seedlings; If the lid is dry, then it's time to water.

Strawberries are watered very carefully: either with drops along the walls of the container, or from a fine sprayer, or with a medical syringe. The most best water for irrigation - thawed. If there are concerns about fungal infections that can doze off in the soil, you can add Fitosporin, diluted according to the instructions, to the irrigation water.

Approximately 3-4 days after germination, the lid can be opened permanently.

With the advent of 2-3 real leaves, seedlings of strawberries dive into individual cups. The procedure is not the easiest, because the plants are still tiny, fragile, with an elongated stem. Many people use tweezers to carefully hold each blade of grass. When picking, it is necessary to ensure that the root does not bend up. First, the seedling is sprinkled with earth to the same depth, later, when the seedlings take root in a new place, earth is added to the cotyledon leaves, without falling asleep the growth point. The entire long stem of strawberry seedlings will be underground and will give additional roots.

Some gardeners simply “spud” the sprouts, raking the soil so as to fill up a long stem, leaving a growth point and leaves above the ground, and picking is done later, with the appearance of 3-4 pairs of true leaves. In this case, the seedlings will be much stronger, but there may be a problem with the interlacing of the roots. The roots of seedlings can become so intertwined with each other that you have to rinse them with water and gently (with a fork) unravel.

After picking, caring for strawberry seedlings comes down to constantly monitoring the level of humidity. In addition, you can harden seedlings by taking them out to the balcony at stable positive temperatures. It is not necessary to feed strawberry seedlings until the very landing in the ground.

We wish you success and great harvests!

Growing garden strawberries is becoming increasingly popular. In order for the berry to be well received at a permanent place of residence and bear fruit abundantly, it is necessary to properly prepare planting material, provide optimal conditions for keeping, and enrich the soil with all nutrients.

Properly applied top dressing for seedlings of garden strawberries protects the culture from deficiency nutrients positively affects health and productivity.

This is interesting! Fragrant strawberries are considered to be a berry, which is fundamentally wrong. The real fruits of this culture are small seeds, which, in fact, are nuts. The strawberry itself is just a fruit, which in no way makes it less tasty.

Features of growing garden strawberries

The culture is planted twice a year - in spring and autumn, which is due to a specific variety or the preferences of the gardener himself. The introduced top dressing must correspond to the season, since it must fully satisfy the needs of the plant. With the onset of heat, the culture needs substances that promote active growth, vegetation, ripening of berries, and in the autumn months it prepares for the upcoming cold weather.

The soil before growing strawberries must be dug up, watered, fertilized. It is not recommended to enrich the beds with urea. Urea refers to active substances. It can injure a still fragile root system or burn it. The best option is manure, but only rotted. IN fresh the tool, like carbamide, can harm the roots.

Supporters of environmentally friendly products grow strawberries exclusively on organic matter, but a combined approach allows harvesting a rich harvest when mineral complexes are also added to the soil. The latter is especially true for those gardeners who grow berries for sale. The approach to the choice of top dressing depends on the area of planted beds.

How to fertilize the soil before planting strawberries?

The excavated soil before planting seedlings is mixed with top dressing. It is best to introduce mineral compounds with manure or compost. Most importantly, follow correct dosage. Overfed soil, like poor soil, is harmful to strawberries. It most often leads to the fact that the plant grows, but forms inflorescences with a delay. From minerals, it is recommended to take superphosphate (30 g), potassium chloride (10 g).

Organic enrichment, when the earth is mixed with the soil, involves maintaining proportions. A similar amount of compost or manure (rotted) is added to a bucket of soil. A couple of glasses of ash are added to the finished mixture. The resulting fertilized soil is laid on a sandy layer. The next step is to start planting seedlings.

Fertilizer seedlings of strawberries during spring planting

Plants planted in the warm season need substances that stimulate growth and help young bushes resist various harmful organisms and bacteria. Ammonium nitrate with ammophos has similar properties. The components are mixed in proportions 1:2. The total amount of the mixture applied per 1 sq. m., is 15 g, which is dissolved in a bucket of water.

On soils with high content nitrates, it is recommended to use zircon. This element removes harmful substances from the earth, it is completely safe for strawberries. It is impossible to overfeed the plant in the spring. Otherwise, instead of a good and rich harvest, green lush bushes will grow in the beds, which will not bloom. This is especially characteristic of the abundant saturation of the soil with organic matter - chicken manure, manure, mullein.

Spring top dressing is carried out using ammonium sulfate. A tablespoon of the drug is diluted in a bucket of water. To improve the composition allows the addition of organic matter. It is best to take a mullein. A couple of glasses are enough for a bucket. A liter of the prepared nutrient mixture is poured into each well under the seedlings.

Autumn top dressing for strawberry seedlings

It consists in the introduction of substances that promote the rooting of seedlings until the cold sets in. Feeding is introduced from late August to early October. During this period, chicken manure is laid out between the beds with strawberries. It is not applied to the soil.

Organics prevent the growth of weeds and are an excellent source of nitrogen. When the crop is fully harvested, the culture is enriched with mineral complexes that allow you to make a "reserve" on next year because they improve the taste of berries.

Feeding features

If strawberries are planted in the fall, the ground is prepared in 2 weeks. It is fertilized with complexes based on double superphosphate and potassium. When green manure grew on the site, organic matter may not be used, but minerals entered into minimum quantity. To increase productivity and prevent overfeeding of the crop, you should choose complexes with the most balanced composition, designed specifically for strawberries. The plant is protected from pests by coarse-grained sand, which is sprinkled on areas with plantings.

The beds are mulched with fallen leaves, peat, straw, sawdust. During the winter months they rot and enrich the soil. big amount nitrogen, which is required by young bushes with the onset of the first thaw. This event should be preceded by the introduction of superphosphate or potassium humate. Both drugs have a long disintegration period, so they should be applied as early as possible.

How to improve productivity?
We are constantly getting letters in which amateur gardeners are worried that due to the cold summer this year, a poor harvest of potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, and other vegetables. Last year we published TIPS about this. But unfortunately, many did not listen, but some still applied. Here is a report from our reader, we want to advise plant growth biostimulantswhich will help increase the yield by up to 50-70%.
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Mineral top dressing

Strawberries require soil rich in fluorine, which promotes the growth of young roots, which allows seedlings to quickly and safely take root. This element is poorly absorbed by culture without enough nitrogen and potassium. The first substance provides growth plant cells, and the second increases resistance to adverse weather conditions.

It is recommended to introduce elements in a complex. It is recommended to use nitrogen-, phosphorus-, potassium preparations with a prevailing ratio of the second element. On acidic soil it is best to use phosphorus flour and calcium nitrate, and on others - superphosphate and potassium chloride. The source of nitrogen in all types of soil is urea. Per square meter of plantings, 20 g of nitrogen with potassium and 40 g of phosphorus are usually applied.

organic

Most gardeners prefer to feed strawberries not with chemical, but with natural (organic) means. They are an excellent alternative to mineral ones, they contain the whole range of nutrients necessary for the culture for a full set of green mass, flowering, fruiting.

The only feature that should be taken into account when using organic matter is that the ratio of trace elements in it is much less than in mineral preparations. And in order to saturate the soil with all the necessary substances, it is taken in a much higher concentration.

lowland peat (30 kg per 1 sq. m.);
compost (3 kg per 1 sq. m.);
humus (3 buckets per 1 sq.m.).

It is best to make these compounds before the direct planting of seedlings.

Purchased drugs

The high popularity of organics has led to the emergence of specialized stores where you can buy ready-made products that do not contain any chemicals. The most popular drugs include:

Shine;
Baikal;
Agrozin;
Emma.

They are recommended for use in warm weather. This is due to the activation of microflora at a temperature of +12 degrees. In the fall, there is no point in making such top dressing. In the spring months, on the contrary, these funds enrich the soil. The listed drugs cannot be administered simultaneously with mineral compounds, but in combination with other organic matter, they contribute to the active production of humus.

organic or chemistry

Strawberry crops can be fertilized in combination, using exclusively organic or mineral preparations. Chemical compounds, unlike natural ones, enrich plants faster and require periodic application to the soil. Organic top dressings, on the contrary, saturate the soil gradually, and, therefore, long time maintain the fertility of the land.

Microorganisms are a living culture that activates the process of humus production, resists pathogenic soil flora. These elements do not just fertilize the earth, but change the qualitative composition of the soil in better side. Thanks to this, strawberries constantly receive all the necessary substances for full development and protection from harmful organisms.

How to recognize the deficiency of elements?

Green mass is the main indicator of the state of the plant. The unhealthy appearance of the bushes does not always signal damage by harmful organisms. The latter leave characteristic spots and holes on the plates. A seedling that seems sick often simply experiences “starvation” - a lack of nutrition.

Only large horticultural farms that grow berries for sale can afford to do soil analysis in the laboratory. Summer residents come to the aid of the usual visual inspection of the leaves, which allows you to determine what exactly the plant is missing and make the appropriate remedy.

It's interesting to know! The strawberries are over 60 million years old. Evidence of this are the remains found in sediments dating from the Cretaceous period.

nitrogen starvation

Manifested by yellowing of the leaf plate. The main thing is not to confuse this sign with the natural aging process that occurs by the third month of the “life” of the leaf. Nitrogen deficiency occurs at the beginning of the vegetative period. It not only provokes yellowing, but also the death of leaves that do not grow to their usual size.

A characteristic feature is that the veins retain their color. Sometimes, instead of yellowing, the plates turn red-purple. Young seedlings quickly absorb nitrogen from the soil, but the element is not always present in the right amount even on fertile lands. Similar symptoms are also characteristic of a lack of sulfur, but without falling leaves.

You can enrich the soil with nitrogen with organic or mineral compounds. The first is a talker infused from grass stems and leaves, and the second is carbamide (urea).

Potassium deficiency

Gradually, the notches along the edge of the sheet begin to turn red, and then the space between the veins, until the color of the plate changes completely. The lower green mass suffers first, so it is always necessary to inspect the bushes with special care. This will allow you to recognize potassium deficiency in the early stages.

The problem is much easier to prevent if:

enrich the landing site with potassium sulfate;
to make potassium nitrate during the periods of flowering and fruiting.

These drugs can also be administered when there are signs of a trace element deficiency.

Phosphorus deficiency

It is characterized by crushing of the leaf plate, which first acquires a dark, and then purple-red color. In the advanced stage, along with a change in shade, the surface of the sheet begins to give off a metallic sheen. If the plant lacks phosphorus, the berries, even when normal size have no rigidity and are tasteless.

The lack of the element is exacerbated in dry cold weather, when the foliage turns dark brown. This is a sign of necrosis. To prevent this, strawberry seedlings should be “wrapped up” if the temperature drops below 12 degrees. In cool weather, the absorption of phosphorus is sharply reduced. When warming does not help, the plant is watered with azophos. For 3 liters of water put 5 g of the drug.

Boron deficiency

Causes wrinkling of the leaves. The plates look burnt and dry out. Around the veins, deformation changes in the fabric structure and shade are clearly visible, which give the sheet a corrugated appearance. Among the consequences of the lack of an element are noted:

change in the size of inflorescences;
berry deformity.

The latter may occur as a result of frost, but not in remontant varieties, which bear fruit already in the warm months. An exception may be too hot weather, but this is typical only for certain regions. Boric acid can eliminate the deficiency.

Lack of copper and manganese

Dense yellow color spots appear due to manganese deficiency. The edges of the plate are lifted up. To prevent this, seedlings are pre-treated with manganese sulfide (0.05 percent solution). If this event has not been carried out before, strawberries are sprayed with the drug after planting in open ground.

In soils poor in copper, the veins on the leaves either remain green or turn brown-black. The green mass begins to wilt even with sufficient watering. To saturate the soil with an element, apply blue vitriol, superphosphate and other complexes containing copper.

Zinc starvation and magnesium deficiency

The edges of the plate are serrated, and the leaves are actively stretched. The veins begin to turn green sharply, and the tissue between them becomes affected by chlorosis. The problem can be solved by the use of complex preparations, which contain a high concentration of zinc.

Magnesium starvation is manifested by chlorosis. If the plant is severely depleted, then the jagged edges of the leaves begin to die off. To prevent the lack of the element allows the introduction of dolomite before planting, the use of complexes containing magnesium during direct growth.

iron deficiency

The most important element for a set of green mass. Thanks to iron, the sheets are gaining thickness, a healthy color that allows the bush to actively use solar energy better absorb and assimilate nutrients.

Against the background of iron deficiency, yellowing and whitening of the plate occurs. The leaves become small, which inhibits the development of the bush. Emergency help can be provided by such forms of iron as chelated. If the soil has an elevated pH, ammonium sulfate is best.

potassium deficiency

It is typical for a young green mass gaining growth. A lack of potassium is manifested by blackening of the tips of the plate. The leaves themselves remain wrinkled and do not straighten out completely. In advanced cases, the tissues begin to die, the plates wrinkle.

A feature of potassium deficiency is that syrup-like droplets form on the tips of the leaves. If the problem is not solved in a timely manner, the berries will not be able to gain a good size, but will be small with seeds tightly seated to each other.

It's pretty serious problem which has a direct impact on the quality of fruiting. To get a good harvest, dolomite flour is applied to poor soils, calcium nitrate is used.

Common mistakes when fertilizing garden strawberries

The lack of abundant fruiting is most often associated with the following mistakes:

Given these nuances, strawberries will definitely respond good flowering and fruitfulness.

Excellent food for strawberries

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Strawberries are a favorite berry of many. How to grow seedlings of strawberries so that at the beginning of summer they can enjoy tasty and fragrant berries? You can grow it with seeds. This method and method is now very popular among gardeners. Having sown the seed in winter at home, then at the beginning of summer the first berries already appear, which do not disappear from the bushes until the very cold weather.

Strawberry is a berry that fascinates with taste and unusual aroma, even strawberry leaves have therapeutic effect. All over the world, this berry is gaining popularity. Breeders in many countries have bred different varieties strawberries, so strawberries are becoming popular among gardeners. Grow favorite plant can be done with seeds. After all, not always purchased seedlings of garden strawberries can give the desired result. Therefore, we will grow strawberry seedlings from seeds in order to get a healthy plant and a good harvest.

Growing seedlings of strawberries from seeds is very easy and interesting. So let's figure out what can be sown?

Remontant strawberries are very popular. Seeds are affordable. It differs from ordinary and garden strawberries in that this species blooms and bears fruit continuously. On a small bush of a plant, flowers, green berries and red fruits can be observed. Remontant strawberries are used in flower beds, and just as a home balcony plant. Also now very big choice varieties that bear fruit until late autumn.
Garden or pineapple strawberries are also popular, but quite expensive.
And of course you can use your own seeds, which are collected from the most the best varieties strawberries, but be careful, you need to collect not from hybrids.

Growing seedlings of strawberries can be divided into three stages:

Sowing seeds.
Timely and proper care of seedlings.
Planting seedlings in the ground.

When and how should strawberries be sown for seedlings?

From the beginning, select the seeds from which you want to get seedlings. It is better, of course, to sow strawberries for seedlings of different varieties. Seedlings of remontant strawberries and seedlings of garden strawberries do not differ in sowing and care. Therefore, let's start with the first stage of growing strawberry seedlings.

You can start sowing as early as the beginning of February or March, in order to get the fruits as early as possible. Of course, you can sow in May, June, only you need to be more careful and pay more attention to seedlings. You will not have time to plant late seedlings in the ground, that is, on permanent place, so she will have to winter in boxes on the windowsill.

Therefore, we will start growing seedlings as early as possible. The seeds of garden and remontant strawberries are small, so you need light and loose soil, which should contain sand, humus,. You can prepare the mixture yourself or purchase ready-made soil mixtures. A mixture such as for "Begonia", "For violets", as well as an all-purpose mixture will do. Before planting a seed or treat with a solution of potassium permanganate.

You will also need a shallow container (about 5 centimeters) with drainage holes. You can use both individual pots and large boxes. If planted in separate pots, then in the future you free yourself from diving, because the seedlings are very delicate and fragile.

Planting strawberry seeds for seedlings is a very sensitive process. Prepare the soil a few days before sowing, it should be moist and at room temperature. If you will sow different varieties of strawberries, be sure to sign or leave a recognition flag with the inscription of the variety.

Plant one seed at a time at a distance of about a couple of centimeters from each other. From above, it is not necessary to cover the seeds with earth, it will be enough to sprinkle the earth with water from a spray bottle so that the seeds sink tightly into the ground. Be sure to close the seedlings with foil and put in a warm place, but not near the battery. Overheat the soil, and nothing will work.
It is necessary to open the film every day in order to ventilate or moisten the soil. The first shoots will appear in about a few weeks.

Second phase. Shoots will appear small, fragile, will grow quite slowly. Therefore, you need to monitor watering. It is impossible to overmoisten the soil, as a disease such as "black leg" may appear. Move the seedlings to a bright, warm place, you do not need to remove the film. Ventilate the ground twice a day. As soon as the first leaves appeared on the sprouts, increase the number of airings, thereby accustom the young sprouts to room conditions.

It is impossible to remove the film sharply, as the plant may die from temperature and humidity changes. If the plant is a little stronger, it's time to start picking, this applies to the seedlings that were sown in a common box.

Watering should be moderate. In separate small pots, strawberry seedlings are kept until a rosette of leaves up to 7 cm in diameter is formed. If the size is larger, then it is worth transplanting the seedlings into a pot of a larger diameter.

Feeding young and only sprouted seedlings is not worth it, since the plant takes all the nutrients from the soil. That's when the real five leaves appear, you can gradually accustom the plant to daily watering with fertilizers.

Third stage- preparation and planting of strawberry seedlings in open ground. This stage is quite important, since it is necessary to prepare the seedlings, that is, to harden the young plant. Start accustoming the plant to sunlight, wind, rain, take seedlings to the balcony, veranda. Such hardening must be done gradually and carefully so as not to ruin the work that has been done. Each time increase the time spent in the fresh air and by the end of May, you can leave small strawberry bushes on the street all night. You can plant bushes in the ground only after they get stronger. Select on suburban area sunny, fertile place and can be planted.

The distance between the bushes should be about 30 centimeters, between the rows about 50 centimeters. Proper care and watering, will bear the first fruits by mid-July.

Freego technology

This new technology which is not cheap. The essence of the method is as follows.

A bush of strawberries (strawberries) is dug up in the fall, before the first frosts come. It is during this period that the plant is at rest. The leaves are cut so that about 3 centimeters of the stem remain. Of course, such seedlings look a little strange, but the most important thing here is root system. Seedlings must be processed with special solutions, thereby preparing them for hermetic storage in a refrigerator. A certain temperature is constantly maintained there, which allows for a long time store seedlings until sold or planted.

Advantages of freego technology:

This type of strawberry should not overwinter in the beds, thereby eliminating the influence of adverse factors.
It turns out a good harvest.
Frigo seedlings can be planted in different time in order to create a constant cycle of fruiting.
Seedlings can be transported over long distances due to the fact that they are compact.
Fast survival due to good root system.
After rooting, frigo seedlings are not affected by dry and hot weather, thanks to a good root system.

There are, of course, drawbacks to such seedlings. These include:

The difficulty of preserving at home, since seedlings need a temperature from 0 to + 1C with an air humidity of at least 90%. If the temperature is at least half a degree higher, then the growth process will start.
Also, the difficulty lies in exact definition timing of plant excavation.

But if you are a real gardener, then you don’t care about any difficulties.