Quite often, when calculating water supply or heating parameters, it is necessary to convert bars to atm or atm to MPa, since various sources (reference books, technical literature, etc.) may indicate pressure values in different units of measurement. For convenience, we present you a summary table for converting pressure measurement units:
|
Units |
bar |
mmHg |
mm water column |
atm (physical) |
kgf/m 2 |
kgf/cm 2
|
Pa |
kPa |
MPa |
| 1 bar | 1 | 750,064 | 10197,16 | 0,986923 | 10,1972 ∙10 3 | 1,01972 | 10 5 | 100 | 0,1 |
| 1 mmHg | 1,33322 ∙10 -3 | 1 | 13,5951 | 1,31579 ∙10 -3 | 13,5951 | 13,5951 ∙10 -3 | 133,322 | 133,322 ∙10 -3 | 133,32 ∙10 -6 |
| 1 mm water column | 98,0665 ∙10 -6 | 73,5561 ∙10 -3 | 1 | 96,7841 ∙10 -6 | 1 | 0,1 ∙10 -3 | 9,80665 | 9,80665 ∙10 -3 | 9,8066 ∙10 -6 |
| 1 atm | 1,01325 | 760 | 10,3323 ∙10 3 | 1 | 10,3323 ∙10 3 | 1,03323 | 101,325 ∙10 3 | 101,325 | 101,32 ∙10 -3 |
| 1 kgf/m 2 | 98,0665 ∙10 -6 | 73,5561 ∙10 -3 | 1 | 96,7841 ∙10 -6 | 1 | 0,1 ∙10 -3 | 9,80665 | 9,80665 ∙10 -3 | 9,8066 ∙10 -6 |
| 1 kgf/cm 2 | 0,980665 | 735,561 | 10000 | 0,967841 | 10000 | 1 | 98,0665 ∙10 3 | 98,0665 | 98,066 ∙10 -3 |
| 1 Pa | 10 -5 | 7,50064∙10 -3 | 0,1019716 | 9,86923 ∙10 -6 | 101,972 ∙10 -3 | 10,1972 ∙10 -6 | 1 | 10 -3 | 10 -6 |
| 1 kPa | 0,01 | 7,50064 | 101,9716 | 9,86923 ∙10 -3 | 101,972 | 10,1972 ∙10 -3 | 10 3 | 1 | 10 -3 |
| 1 MPa | 10 | 7,50064 ∙10 3 | 101971,6 | 9,86923 | 101,972 ∙10 3 | 10,1972 | 10 6 | 10 3 | 1 |
|
The SI system includes:
|
Engineering units:
|
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Detailed list of pressure units:
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 0.0000102 Atmosphere (metric)
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 0.0000099 Standard atmosphere Atmosphere (standard) = Standard atmosphere
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.00001 Bar / Bar
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 10 Barad / Barad
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0007501 Centimeters Hg. Art. (0°C)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0101974 Centimeters in. Art. (4°C)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 10 Dyne/square centimeter
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0003346 Foot of water (4 °C)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 10 -9 Gigapascals
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.01 Hectopascals
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0002953 Dumov Hg. / Inch of mercury (0 °C)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0002961 InchHg. Art. / Inch of mercury (15.56 °C)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0040186 Dumov v.st. / Inch of water (15.56 °C)
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 0.0040147 Dumov v.st. / Inch of water (4 °C)
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 0.0000102 kgf/cm 2 / Kilogram force/centimetre 2
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 0.0010197 kgf/dm 2 / Kilogram force/decimetre 2
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.101972 kgf/m2 / Kilogram force/meter 2
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 10 -7 kgf/mm 2 / Kilogram force/millimeter 2
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 10 -3 kPa
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 10 -7 Kilopound force/square inch
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 10 -6 MPa
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.000102 Meters w.st. / Meter of water (4 °C)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 10 Microbar / Microbar (barye, barrie)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 7.50062 Microns Hg. / Micron of mercury (millitorr)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.01 Millibar
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0075006 Millimeter of mercury (0 °C)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.10207 Millimeters w.st. / Millimeter of water (15.56 °C)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.10197 Millimeters w.st. / Millimeter of water (4 °C)
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 7.5006 Millitorr / Millitorr
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 1N/m2 / Newton/square meter
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 32.1507 Daily ounces/sq. inch / Ounce force (avdp)/square inch
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0208854 Pounds force per square meter. ft / Pound force/square foot
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.000145 Pounds force per square meter. inch / Pound force/square inch
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.671969 Poundals per sq. ft / Poundal/square foot
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0046665 Poundals per sq. inch / Poundal/square inch
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0000093 Long tons per square meter. ft / Ton (long)/foot 2
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 10 -7 Long tons per square meter. inch / Ton (long)/inch 2
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0000104 Short tons per square meter. ft / Ton (short)/foot 2
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 10 -7 Tons per sq. inch / Ton/inch 2
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0075006 Torr / Torr
Please note there are 2 tables and a list. Here's another useful link:
| In units: | |||||||||
| Pa (N/m2) | MPa | bar | atmosphere | mmHg Art. | mm in.st. | m in.st. | kgf/cm 2 | ||
| Should be multiplied by: | |||||||||
| Pa (N/m2) | 1 | 1*10 -6 | 10 -5 | 9.87*10 -6 | 0.0075 | 0.1 | 10 -4 | 1.02*10 -5 | |
| MPa | 1*10 6 | 1 | 10 | 9.87 | 7.5*10 3 | 10 5 | 10 2 | 10.2 | |
| bar | 10 5 | 10 -1 | 1 | 0.987 | 750 | 1.0197*10 4 | 10.197 | 1.0197 | |
| atm | 1.01*10 5 | 1.01* 10 -1 | 1.013 | 1 | 759.9 | 10332 | 10.332 | 1.03 | |
| mmHg Art. | 133.3 | 133.3*10 -6 | 1.33*10 -3 | 1.32*10 -3 | 1 | 13.3 | 0.013 | 1.36*10 -3 | |
| mm in.st. | 10 | 10 -5 | 0.000097 | 9.87*10 -5 | 0.075 | 1 | 0.001 | 1.02*10 -4 | |
| m in.st. | 10 4 | 10 -2 | 0.097 | 9.87*10 -2 | 75 | 1000 | 1 | 0.102 | |
| kgf/cm 2 | 9.8*10 4 | 9.8*10 -2 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 735 | 10000 | 10 | 1 | |
| 47.8 | 4.78*10 -5 | 4.78*10 -4 | 4.72*10 -4 | 0.36 | 4.78 | 4.78 10 -3 | 4.88*10 -4 | ||
| 6894.76 | 6.89476*10 -3 | 0.069 | 0.068 | 51.7 | 689.7 | 0.690 | 0.07 | ||
| Inches Hg / inches Hg | 3377 | 3.377*10 -3 | 0.0338 | 0.033 | 25.33 | 337.7 | 0.337 | 0.034 | |
| Inches in.st. / inchesH2O | 248.8 | 2.488*10 -2 | 2.49*10 -3 | 2.46*10 -3 | 1.87 | 24.88 | 0.0249 | 0.0025 | |
| To convert pressure in units: | In units: | |||
| psi pound square feet (psf) | psi inch / pound square inches (psi) | Inches Hg / inches Hg | Inches in.st. / inchesH2O | |
| Should be multiplied by: | ||||
| Pa (N/m2) | 0.021 | 1.450326*10 -4 | 2.96*10 -4 | 4.02*10 -3 |
| MPa | 2.1*10 4 | 1.450326*10 2 | 2.96*10 2 | 4.02*10 3 |
| bar | 2090 | 14.50 | 29.61 | 402 |
| atm | 2117.5 | 14.69 | 29.92 | 407 |
| mmHg Art. | 2.79 | 0.019 | 0.039 | 0.54 |
| mm in.st. | 0.209 | 1.45*10 -3 | 2.96*10 -3 | 0.04 |
| m in.st. | 209 | 1.45 | 2.96 | 40.2 |
| kgf/cm 2 | 2049 | 14.21 | 29.03 | 394 |
| psi pound square feet (psf) | 1 | 0.0069 | 0.014 | 0.19 |
| psi inch / pound square inches (psi) | 144 | 1 | 2.04 | 27.7 |
| Inches Hg / inches Hg | 70.6 | 0.49 | 1 | 13.57 |
| Inches in.st. / inchesH2O | 5.2 | 0.036 | 0.074 | 1 |
Detailed list of pressure units:
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 0.0000102 Atmosphere (metric)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0000099 Atmosphere (standard) = Standard atmosphere
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.00001 Bar / Bar
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 10 Barad / Barad
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0007501 Centimeters Hg. Art. (0°C)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0101974 Centimeters in. Art. (4°C)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 10 Dyne/square centimeter
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0003346 Foot of water (4 °C)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 10 -9 Gigapascals
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.01
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0002953 Dumov Hg. / Inch of mercury (0 °C)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0002961 InchHg. Art. / Inch of mercury (15.56 °C)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0040186 Dumov v.st. / Inch of water (15.56 °C)
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 0.0040147 Dumov v.st. / Inch of water (4 °C)
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 0.0000102 kgf/cm 2 / Kilogram force/centimetre 2
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 0.0010197 kgf/dm 2 / Kilogram force/decimetre 2
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.101972 kgf/m2 / Kilogram force/meter 2
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 10 -7 kgf/mm 2 / Kilogram force/millimeter 2
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 10 -3 kPa
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 10 -7 Kilopound force/square inch
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 10 -6 MPa
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.000102 Meters w.st. / Meter of water (4 °C)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 10 Microbar / Microbar (barye, barrie)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 7.50062 Microns Hg. / Micron of mercury (millitorr)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.01 Millibar
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0075006 Millimeter of mercury (0 °C)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.10207 Millimeters w.st. / Millimeter of water (15.56 °C)
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.10197 Millimeters w.st. / Millimeter of water (4 °C)
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 7.5006 Millitorr / Millitorr
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 1N/m2 / Newton/square meter
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 32.1507 Daily ounces/sq. inch / Ounce force (avdp)/square inch
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0208854 Pounds force per square meter. ft / Pound force/square foot
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.000145 Pounds force per square meter. inch / Pound force/square inch
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.671969 Poundals per sq. ft / Poundal/square foot
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0046665 Poundals per sq. inch / Poundal/square inch
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0000093 Long tons per square meter. ft / Ton (long)/foot 2
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 10 -7 Long tons per square meter. inch / Ton (long)/inch 2
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0000104 Short tons per square meter. ft / Ton (short)/foot 2
- 1 Pa (N/m 2) = 10 -7 Tons per sq. inch / Ton/inch 2
- 1 Pa (N/m2) = 0.0075006 Torr / Torr
The car owner regularly has to service wheel tires - this is replacement and inflation. When buying a modern air pump, many motorists are confused by the strange “PSI” indicator. This is especially true for Chinese units. If you have a budget compressor at home, you can see that it says “300 PSI.” This is an alternative pressure indicator used in European countries.
In the photo there is a pneumatic pump - necessary when servicing rubber
The most common indicator for a driver from a CIS country is Atmospheres (Atm). In order not to make a mistake with tire inflation, you need to be able to convert PSI to atmospheres. Convenient tables and simple ratios help with this. As for PSI, this is an indicator of air pressure in the wheels; under three letters there is an expression for pounds per square inch - lbf/in². China indicates pressure in this way because it is suitable for most modern foreign cars.
Atm to PSI conversion explained; PSI to Bar; PSI in kg/cm²
Translation may not be required if the driver has a foreign car at his disposal - on the bodies of foreign cars, the pressure is indicated in PSI, the most common indicators for passenger cars are 29 and 35. However, “Russified” foreign cars that are produced in the CIS, come out with the “technical atmosphere” indicator. A striking example is Renault Logan or Kia Rio. The most convenient way is to convert to one indicator, which is 1 Bar (a unit of pressure and gravity):
- If you convert 1 Bar to 1 Atmosphere, the figure will be approximately the same
- When converting PSI to Bar, you get the following ratio: 1 Bar = 14 PSI
- 1 Atmosphere equals 14 PSI
Video about optimal tire pressure
In the case when pressure is measured in Bar on pneumatic pumps, you need to remember that this indicator corresponds to the generally accepted Atmospheres in the CIS, and the minimum spread is not taken into account.
Conversion can be made from PSI to kg/cm²:
- 1 pound equals 0.453 kilograms. This is not an exact figure, but for technical work it is suitable
- 1 square inch is equal to 6.4516 cm²
Having these two indicators, you can find out how many kg/cm² are in PSI. Result: 1 PSI = 0.0702 kg/cm²
Accordingly, 20 PSI will be equal to 1.4 kg/cm²
These two indicators have a ratio: 7.03*10-2
An alternative indicator of tire pressure in Europe is PSI.
In order not to waste time calculating the proportion, you can use a simple table that shows the values for the pressure in the tires of a car - here the driver will find various options for measuring pressure. There are also convenient unit calculators where you can also convert Bar to PSI. If you want to find out how many atmospheres should be in a particular tire, you can perform an independent calculation, the reporting point will be 1 PSI = 0.07 Atm.
Sometimes it may be necessary to convert PSI to kg/cm² or vice versa. The calculation here will be more complicated, so it will be easier and more rational to use a ready-made table, which contains the main indicators for cars, bicycles, motorcycles and mopeds. Instead of Bar, you can substitute atmospheres - the indicator will not change. These ratios and the table should give a clear answer to the question: “how to convert PSI to Atm?”
| Psi | kPa | kg/cm2 | bar |
| 20 | 138 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
| 21 | 145 | 1.5 | 1.4 |
| 22 | 152 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| 23 | 159 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
| 24 | 165 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
| 25 | 172 | 1.8 | 1.7 |
| 25.5 | 176 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
| 26 | 179 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
| 26.5 | 183 | 1.9 | 1.8 |
| 27 | 186 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
| 27.5 | 190 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
| 28 | 193 | 2.0 | 1.9 |
| 28.5 | 197 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| 29 | 200 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| 29.5 | 203 | 2.1 | 2.0 |
| 30 | 207 | 2.1 | 2.1 |
| 30.5 | 210 | 2.1 | 2.1 |
| 31 | 214 | 2.2 | 2.1 |
| 31.5 | 217 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
| 32 | 221 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
| 32.5 | 224 | 2.3 | 2.2 |
| 33 | 228 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| 33.5 | 231 | 2.4 | 2.3 |
| 34 | 234 | 2.4 | 2.3 |
| 34.5 | 238 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
| 35 | 241 | 2.5 | 2.4 |
| 35.5 | 245 | 2.5 | 2.4 |
| 36 | 248 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| 36.5 | 252 | 2.6 | 2.5 |
| 37 | 255 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| 37.5 | 259 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| 38 | 262 | 2.7 | 2.6 |
| 38.5 | 265 | 2.7 | 2.7 |
| 39 | 269 | 2.7 | 2.7 |
| 39.5 | 272 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
| 40 | 276 | 2.8 | 2.8 |
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Below are the pressure units that are used to describe the parameters of compressor equipment, blowers and vacuum pumps
| MPa | bar | mmHg | atm. | kgf/cm2 | PSI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 MPa = | 1 | 10 | 7500,7 | 9,8692 | 10,197 | 145,04 |
| 1 bar = | 0,1 | 1 | 750,07 | 0,98692 | 1,0197 | 14,504 |
| 1mmHg= | 133.32 Pa | 1,333*10 -3 | 1 | 1,316*10 -3 | 1,359*10 -3 | 0,01934 |
| 1 atm. = | 0,10133 | 1,0133 | 760 | 1 | 1,0333 | 14,696 |
| 1 kgf/cm 2 = | 0,098066 | 0,98066 | 735,6 | 0,96784 | 1 | 14,223 |
| 1 PSI = | 6.8946 kPa | 0,068946 | 51,715 | 0,068045 | 0, 070307 | 1 |
The table gives the following designations: MPa - megapascal or 10 6 Pa (Pascals), 1 Pa = 1 N/m 2; mmHg - millimeter of mercury; atm. - physical atmosphere; at. =1 kgf/cm 2 - technical atmosphere; PSI (pounds per square inch) - pound per square inch (a unit of pressure used in the US and UK).
The pressure value can be counted from 0 (absolute pressure or ground in English terminology) or from atmospheric pressure (excess pressure or induced in English). If, for example, pressure is measured in technical atmospheres, then absolute pressure is designated as ata, and excess pressure as ati, for example, 9 ata, 8 ati.
Units for measuring the performance of compressors and vacuum pumps
Compressor performance is measured as the volume of compressed gas per unit of time. The basic unit used is cubic meter per minute (m 3 /min). The units used are l/min. (1 l/min = 0.001 m 3 /min.), m 3 /hour (1 m 3 /hour = 1/60 m 3 /min.), l/s (1 l/s = 60 l/min. = 0.06 m 3 /min). Productivity is usually given either for suction conditions (gas pressure and temperature) or for normal conditions (pressure 1 atm., temperature 0 o C). In the latter case, the letter “n” is placed in front of the unit of volume (for example, 5 nm 3 /min). In English-speaking countries, cubic foot per minute (CFM) is used as a unit of productivity. 1 CFM = 28.3168 l/min. = 0.02832 m 3 /min. 1 m 3 /min =35.314 CFM.
Pascal (Pa, Pa)
Pascal (Pa, Pa) is a unit of measurement of pressure in the International System of Units (SI system). The unit is named after the French physicist and mathematician Blaise Pascal.
Pascal is equal to the pressure caused by a force equal to one newton (N) uniformly distributed over a surface of one square meter normal to it:
1 pascal (Pa) ≡ 1 N/m²
Multiples are formed using standard SI prefixes:
1 MPa (1 megapascal) = 1000 kPa (1000 kilopascals)
Atmosphere (physical, technical)
Atmosphere is an off-system unit of pressure measurement, approximately equal to atmospheric pressure on the Earth's surface at the level of the World Ocean.
There are two approximately equal units with the same name:
- Physical, normal or standard atmosphere (atm, atm) - exactly equal to 101,325 Pa or 760 millimeters of mercury.
Technical atmosphere (at, at, kgf/cm²)- equal to the pressure produced by a force of 1 kgf, directed perpendicularly and uniformly distributed over a flat surface with an area of 1 cm² (98,066.5 Pa).
1 technical atmosphere = 1 kgf/cm² (“kilogram-force per square centimeter”). // 1 kgf = 9.80665 newtons (exact) ≈ 10 N; 1 N ≈ 0.10197162 kgf ≈ 0.1 kgf
In English, kilogram-force is denoted as kgf (kilogram-force) or kp (kilopond) - kilopond, from the Latin pondus, meaning weight.
Notice the difference: not pound (in English “pound”), but pondus.
In practice, they approximately take: 1 MPa = 10 atmospheres, 1 atmosphere = 0.1 MPa.
Bar
A bar (from the Greek βάρος - heaviness) is a non-systemic unit of pressure measurement, approximately equal to one atmosphere. One bar is equal to 105 N/m² (or 0.1 MPa).
Relationships between units of pressure
1 MPa = 10 bar = 10.19716 kgf/cm² = 145.0377 PSI = 9.869233 (physical atm.) = 7500.7 mm Hg.
1 bar = 0.1 MPa = 1.019716 kgf/cm² = 14.50377 PSI = 0.986923 (physical atm.) = 750.07 mm Hg.
1 atm (technical atmosphere) = 1 kgf/cm² (1 kp/cm², 1 kilopond/cm²) = 0.0980665 MPa = 0.98066 bar = 14.223
1 atm (physical atmosphere) = 760 mm Hg = 0.101325 MPa = 1.01325 bar = 1.0333 kgf/cm²
1 mm Hg = 133.32 Pa = 13.5951 mm water column
Volumes of liquids and gases / Volume
1 gl (US) = 3.785 l
1 gl (Imperial) = 4.546 l
1 cu ft = 28.32 l = 0.0283 cubic meters
1 cu in = 16.387 cc
Flow speed
1 l/s = 60 l/min = 3.6 cubic meters/hour = 2.119 cfm
1 l/min = 0.0167 l/s = 0.06 cubic meters/hour = 0.0353 cfm
1 cubic m/hour = 16.667 l/min = 0.2777 l/s = 0.5885 cfm
1 cfm (cubic feet per minute) = 0.47195 l/s = 28.31685 l/min = 1.699011 cubic meters/hour
Throughput / Valve flow characteristics
Flow coefficient (factor) Kv
Flow Factor - Kv
The main parameter of the shut-off and control body is the flow coefficient Kv. The flow coefficient Kv shows the volume of water in cubic meters per hour (cbm/h) at a temperature of 5-30ºC passing through the valve with a pressure loss of 1 bar.
Flow coefficient Cv
Flow Coefficient - Cv
In countries with an inch measurement system, the Cv coefficient is used. It shows how much water in gallons/minute (gpm) at 60ºF flows through a fixture when there is a 1 psi pressure drop across the fixture.
Kinematic viscosity / Viscosity
1 ft = 12 in = 0.3048 m
1 in = 0.0833 ft = 0.0254 m = 25.4 mm
1 m = 3.28083 ft = 39.3699 in
Units of force
1 N = 0.102 kgf = 0.2248 lbf
1 lbf = 0.454 kgf = 4.448 N
1 kgf = 9.80665 N (exactly) ≈ 10 N; 1 N ≈ 0.10197162 kgf ≈ 0.1 kgf
In English, kilogram-force is expressed as kgf (kilogram-force) or kp (kilopond) - kilopond, from the Latin pondus, meaning weight. Please note: not pound (in English “pound”), but pondus.
Units of mass
1 lb = 16 oz = 453.59 g
Moment of force (torque)/Torque
1 kgf. m = 9.81 N. m = 7.233 lbf * ft
Power Units / Power
Some values:
Watt (W, W, 1 W = 1 J/s), horsepower (hp - Russian, hp or HP - English, CV - French, PS - German)
Unit ratio:
In Russia and some other countries 1 hp. (1 PS, 1 CV) = 75 kgf* m/s = 735.4988 W
In the USA, UK and other countries 1 hp = 550 ft*lb/s = 745.6999 W
Temperature
Fahrenheit temperature:
[°F] = [°C] × 9⁄5 + 32
[°F] = [K] × 9⁄5 − 459.67
Temperature in Celsius:
[°C] = [K] − 273.15
[°C] = ([°F] − 32) × 5⁄9
Kelvin temperature:
[K] = [°C] + 273.15
[K] = ([°F] + 459.67) × 5⁄9
