In Russian the process parsing It is considered an alternating comparison of words with the selection of a certain subset from the set of all words. The result is syntactic sequencing, which is used in conjunction with lexical analysis. Syntactic analysis makes it possible to analyze the structure of a sentence, which increases the level of punctuation literacy.
It is acceptable to perform parsing in both simple and complex sentences, as well as phrases. Each example has its own analysis scenario, which emphasizes its inherent components. When parsing, you must have the ability to isolate phrases from sentences, as well as determine whether a sentence is simple or complex. In addition, you should understand how the phrase is constructed and assign it a connection type. There are the following types of communication: coordination, adjacency, control. When parsing, we need to select the desired phrase in a sentence, then set the main word. The next step is to determine the tense, mood, and person and number of the main word. As for the analysis of a simple sentence, it is necessary to initially determine it by the purpose of the statement, namely, whether it is narrative, imperative or interrogative. Then you need to find the subject and predicate. The next step is to determine the type of sentence - it is one-part or two-part. Afterwards, we find out whether the sentence contains words in addition to the subject and predicate, which will allow us to say whether it is common or not common. Next there will be an establishment - a complete or incomplete sentence. Let's look at this example: “I have never listened to music more beautiful than Beethoven.” We will consider the proposal simple. Endowed with one grammatical basis - “I didn’t listen.” “I” is the subject, personal pronoun. “Didn’t listen” is a simple verb, a predicate, which includes the particle “not.” The sentence contains the following minor members “music” - an object expressed by a noun. “More beautiful” - definition, expressed as an adjective V comparative degree. "Beethoven" is an object, a noun. Now we can characterize this sentence - it is declarative, not exclamatory; in structure - simple, since there is one grammatical basis; two-part - there are both main members; widespread - because it contains secondary members; complete - no missing members. There are also no homogeneous members in the sentence.
Using the sequence and rules of parsing, it will not be difficult to make the correct parsing suggestions, although in terms of parsing speed you will most likely be surpassed by a good sixth-grader.
Middle and high school students regularly face the problem of how to conduct an analysis in the Russian literary language.
Parsing is done in accordance with a certain scheme. This topic in the school course allows identify sentence structure, characterize it, which reduces punctuation illiteracy.
What does parsing show?
There are four main types of parsing: phonetic, morphological, compositional and syntactic. The latter is understood as the analysis or parsing of syntactic units with primary highlighting the grammatical basis. The analysis is carried out according to the approved algorithm of actions: highlight the terms + characterize them + draw a diagram.
Schoolchildren, having studied eleven grades, sometimes do not know what parsing a sentence is. They talk about analysis as analysis by composition. This is incorrect, since only individual lexemes are analyzed according to their composition. As for a bunch of words expressing a complete thought, then in elementary school the process is called analysis of proposals by members. However, in middle and high school it takes on a deeper meaning. Based on this, it is necessary to remember once and for all that analysis of sentences by composition is not carried out in Russian language classes.
The answer here is obvious - everyone knows the subject, indicating an object or object, and the predicate - to actions performed first. To make speech clearer and the statement complete, the main members are supplemented by secondary ones, which have a set of features.
The secondary members of the sentence allow us to reveal a holistic picture of the events taking place. Their goal is to explain describe the actions of the main predecessors.
At the next stage, you will have to parse the sentence according to. Here we mean how its members are expressed. Each has several options, you need to choose the right one by asking the question:
- vile – noun, place;
- tale - ch., cr. adj., noun;
- def. – adj., place., number;
- add. – noun, place;
- obst. – adverb, noun. with a pretext.
Taking into account the above, a more or less clear idea emerges of what syntactic parsing of a sentence is. In short, it is a complex analysis of related lexemes that express a complete thought.
Characteristics of syntactic units
You need to know the criteria that a lexeme has in order to implement detailed description. The characteristics of a sentence in the text presuppose a certain algorithm.
Define the type:
- according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive);
- by emotional-expressive coloring (by intonation) - exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
We find the grammatical basis.
We talk sequentially about each member of the sentence and the means of their expression.
We describe the structure of a syntactic unit. For a simple sentence:
- by composition: one-part (defined-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal, nominative) or two-part;
- by prevalence: widespread or not widespread;
- by completeness: complete or incomplete.
- what is complicated: homogeneous members, interjections, address, introductory constructions.
Determine which This type includes a complex sentence:
- compound sentences (CCS) - they are indicated by simple parts connected by a coordinating conjunction;
- complex sentences (CSS) - we establish the main word, as well as the subordinate word, based on the question and the peculiarity of construction (what the subordinate word refers to, how the subordinate word is attached), we determine the type of the latter;
- non-union complex sentence (BCS) - we establish how many simple parts the syntactic unit consists of, determining the meaning of each (simultaneity, sequence, opposition, etc.).
We give the reasoning for why we put these are the punctuation marks.
If the task involves drawing up a diagram, then we do it.
It is more difficult to parse a complex sentence.
There's more here parameters for analysis.
After the complex sentence from the examples has been parsed into simple parts, we proceed to analyze each of them separately.
Following the algorithm, the student will not have problems completing the task number 4.
How to make a diagram
It is not always enough to parse a simple sentence correctly to get an excellent grade. The student must also be able to draw up diagrams of the units being described.
- Highlight the subject by underlining it with one line, and the predicate with two lines.
- Find the minor members, underlining them according to generally accepted rules.
- Sentences with a revolution or participle are highlighted as follows and are indicated in the final diagram. The participial phrase is highlighted on both sides by vertical lines, and a dot/dotted line is emphasized. Participial phrase stands out on both sides with vertical lines, and is emphasized by a wavy line.
- The conjunction is not included in the scheme of a complex sentence; it is taken outside the framework of the stem. But complex sentences include it in the subordinate clause. Conjunctions and allied words are enclosed in an oval.
Important! Before you draw up a sentence diagram, you need to learn how to graphically designate homogeneous members. They are enclosed in a circle, and an address that is not a member of a syntactic unit is designated in the diagram by the letter “O” and separated by two vertical lines. Do the same with introductory words.
Scheme of proposal It’s easy to make up direct speech. Here it is important to separate one part from the other, i.e. the author's words from direct speech, placing appropriate punctuation marks between them.
Example of parsing a simple sentence
Let's write down an example and start analyzing.
I have not seen a lake more magnificent than Baikal.
Stage I: analysis of the proposal by members:
- “I” – vile, expressed personal. places;
- “Didn’t see” – simple ch. tale, expressed verb. will express it in the form. incl. past vr.;
Stage II: Let's find out which members of the sentence form the grammatical basis. Here it will be “I didn’t see”, so we are dealing with a simple sentence.
IN specific example all minor members joined the predicate:
- didn’t see (what?) the lake – additional, expressed noun. in R.P.;
- lake (which one?) is more magnificent – disagree, def, expressed adj. in compare degrees;
- more magnificent (what?) than Baikal – additional, expressed noun. in R.P.
Stage III: at the end of the process they give general characteristics simple sentence in Russian:
- by structure - two-part, widespread, complete;
- according to the purpose of the statement - narrative;
- intonation - non-exclamatory, therefore, at the end there is a punctuation mark - a period.
Stage IV: syntactic analysis a simple sentence presupposes the scheme [- =].
More problems are caused by parsing sentences with participial phrase. See his examples below.
Sample: Behind the swamp, blazing with birches, a grove was visible.
Characteristics: narrative, unspoken, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, complicated by a separate dep. about.
Scheme: [, I adverbial phrase I, = — ].
Syntactic units complicated by homogeneous members and phrases are parsed in a similar way.
Simple sentences with participles should receive an objective assessment. They indicate which member the entire turn is, then its parts are parsed into words.
Sample: The moon had just emerged from behind a hill and was illuminating the translucent, small, low clouds.
Characteristics: narrative, non-narrative, homogeneous tales. are connected by a non-repeating conjunction “and”, therefore a comma is not placed between them, but commas must be placed between definitions, they have non-union connection, simple, two-part, common, complicated by homogeneous tales. and def.
Scheme: [- = and = O, O, O].
Analysis of complex sentences
Home exercises in Russian regularly contain a mandatory task under the number 4. There are various examples here: SSP, SPP, BSP.
Always, when parsing a complex sentence, you need to start it with finding the grammatical basis.
Complex sentences need to be analyzed based on the definition of the main and subordinate clauses.
The analysis of syntactic units with several subordinate clauses is carried out according to the general plan, as it would be done analysis of the proposal by composition, but indicating the type of subordination and the combination of these types. Below are examples of complex sentences with examples, with diagrams, visually demonstrating analysis.
Sample SPP with consistent submission: The kids reported that they picked those daisies that their grandmother loved.
Characteristics: narrative, non-narrative, complex, conjunction, its parts are connected subordinating connection with sequential subordination, consists of two simple ones.
Scheme: [- =], (which = (which = -).
Sample BSC: Life is given once, and you want to live it cheerfully, meaningfully, beautifully.
Characteristics: narrative, non-vocal, complex sentence, has two grammatical stems, conjunctive, complex. The conjunction “and” expresses simultaneity. The 2nd simple sentence is complicated by homogeneous objects. condition.
Scheme: [- =], and [=].
BSP sample: The wind howls, thunder rumbles.
Characteristics: narrative, non-narrative, complex non-union.
Scheme: [- =], [- =].
Parsing a simple sentence
How to parse
Conclusion
If you have sentences and examples with diagrams before your eyes, then visual memory automatically works. This helps a lot control dictations and independent. This way you can learn automatically and parse accurately proposals (if the examples are chosen correctly) cover all the criteria necessary for the analysis.
The order of parsing a simple sentence
1. Parse the sentence into members and indicate how they are expressed (first, the subject and predicate are analyzed, then the minor members related to them).
2. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, incentive, interrogative).
3. Determine the type of offer by emotional coloring(exclamation, non-exclamation).
4. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence and prove that it is simple.
5. Determine the type of sentence by structure:
a) two-part or one-part (definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal, nominal);
b) widespread or not widespread;
c) complete or incomplete (indicate which part of the sentence is missing);
d) complicated (indicate how it is complicated: homogeneous members, isolated members, appeal, introductory words).
6. Draw up a sentence diagram and explain punctuation marks.
Parsing samples
1) My bonfire shining in the fog(A.K. Tolstoy).
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, uncomplicated.
Grammar basis - the fire is shining my expressed by a possessive pronoun. The predicate refers to the adverb of place in the fog expressed by a noun in prepositional case with a pretext V.
Sentence outline At the end of a given declarative sentence there is a period.
2) At the end of January, surrounded by the first thaw, cherry trees smell good gardens (Sholokhov).
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, complicated by a separate agreed definition, expressed by a participial phrase.
Grammar basis - the gardens smell. The subject is expressed by a noun in nominative case, predicate - a simple verb, expressed by a verb in the form indicative mood. The subject includes an agreed upon definition cherry expressed as an adjective. The predicate refers to the circumstance of time at the end of January, expressed by the phrase (noun + noun) in the prepositional case with a preposition V, and the circumstance of the course of action Fine expressed by an adverb.
Sentence outline At the end of a given declarative sentence there is a period; commas in the sentence highlight the participial phrase, which, although it stands before the word being defined, is isolated because it is separated from it in the sentence by other words.
Ways to emphasize sentence members
When parsing a sentence into members, standard underlines are used: one line for the subject, two lines for the predicate, a dotted line for the object, a wavy line for the definition, alternating dots and dashes for the adverbial.
In some schools main member A one-part sentence is emphasized with three features, but the more common type of underlining is in which the main member of the nominative sentence is marked as the subject, and the main members of other one-part sentences are marked as predicates.
When emphasizing the minor members of a sentence, it is advisable to be guided by the following principles.
An isolated member of a sentence is emphasized as a single member.
Accordingly, non-isolated members should be emphasized as detailed as possible in accordance with the questions asked to them.
Designation of words and phrases that are not parts of the sentence
As is known from morphology, auxiliary parts of speech are not parts of a sentence, but during syntactic parsing certain problems can be associated with them.
Conjunctions are not members of a sentence and are not distinguished when homogeneous members are combined, but in some cases they can be part of non-uniform members of a sentence.
Firstly, these are comparative conjunctions as part of comparative phrases, for example: The surface of the bay was like a mirror.
Secondly, these are unions consisting of isolated members of a sentence, for example: Stopping often and for a long time, we got to the place only on the third day.
Prepositions also cannot act as independent members of a sentence, but they are used as part of a prepositional-case group, together with the case form, expressing a certain meaning.
Therefore, it is customary to emphasize the preposition together with the noun to which it refers. In this case, it is necessary to pay attention to cases when the preposition and noun are separated by adjectives or participles, for example: instead of older brother. In this case, it would be a mistake to emphasize the preposition together with the adjective as a modifier; the underscore should be as follows: instead of older brother.
Formative particles are part of compound verb forms and are emphasized together with the verb both in contact and non-contact positions, for example: Let him call me!
Semantic (non-shape-forming) particles are not members of a sentence, however, in school practice, a negative particle is not usually emphasized as a single member of a sentence together with the word to which it refers, for example: There is no smoking here. I didn't really count on help.
It is permissible not to highlight both prepositions and all semantic particles.
Some teachers teach to highlight conjunctions by circling them, and prepositions by circling them with a triangle. This allocation is not generally accepted.
Introductory words and addresses are not parts of the sentence. Sometimes students enclose these components in square brackets or underline them with crosses. This is undesirable, since underlining is used only to indicate members of a sentence; It is permissible to mark these elements of the sentence by writing the words “introductory” or “address” over them.
Description of the complicating members of the sentence
When a sentence is complicated by direct speech or an inserted sentence, they are considered and described as an independent sentence, since both direct speech and an inserted sentence have their own purpose of utterance and intonation, which may not coincide with the purpose of the utterance and the intonation of the sentence itself.
So, for example, the proposal He asked indignantly: “How long will you continue to dig?!” should be analyzed as follows: the sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, complicated by direct speech. Direct speech is an interrogative, exclamatory, two-part, extended, complete, uncomplicated sentence.
A participial phrase complicates a sentence only if it is isolated. In this case, the description should indicate the complication not by a participial phrase, but separate definition; in brackets it is possible, but not necessarily, to indicate that it is expressed by a participial phrase.
The comparative phrase can be any member of the sentence - the predicate ( This park is like a forest), circumstance ( The rain was pouring down like buckets), addition ( Petya draws better than Anton), definition (He's almost the same as his brother). In this case, comparative turnover can be either separate or non-separated. Complication is caused only by a separate comparative phrase, and, as in the case of a participial phrase, it is necessary to indicate the complication with a separate circumstance, addition or definition.
Homogeneous members, introductory words and sentences, and addresses are also described as complicating the structure of a sentence.
Sentences with homogeneous predicates present some complexity. In school and pre-university practice, it is believed that a two-part sentence in which the subject is used with several predicates is a simple sentence complicated by homogeneous predicates. In a one-component sentence, there are as many parts as there are predicates in it, with the exception of cases when the structure of the predicate contains homogeneous parts.
For example: I was offended and did not want to answer him- a simple two-part sentence with homogeneous predicates.
I felt offended and didn’t want to answer him.- a complex sentence.
I felt sad and lonely- a simple one-part (impersonal) sentence with homogeneous parts of the predicate.
One-part sentences
When analyzing one-part sentences, students often make various mistakes.
The first type of errors is associated with the need to distinguish between one-part and two-part incomplete sentences.
As already mentioned, we diagnose a definite-personal sentence by the form of the main member: the predicate in it is expressed by a verb in the form of the 1st and 2nd person singular and plural indicative mood (in the present and future tense), and in the imperative mood; the producer of the action is defined and can be called personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd persons me, you, we, you:
I walk and walk, but I can’t reach the forest.
The peculiarity of verb forms with the morphological feature of the 1st and 2nd person is that each of these forms can “serve” a single subject: a form ending in -у ( go-y) - pronoun I, form with ending -eat/-ish ( go-eat) - pronoun you, form with -em/-im ( let's go) - pronoun we, form with -ete/-ite ( let's go) - pronoun you. Forms 1 and 2 of the imperative mood also clearly indicate the person who is the producer of the action.
Because morphological feature persons are represented by the verb only in the indicated forms, sentences of similar meaning with the predicate-verb in the form of the past tense of the indicative mood and conditional mood are considered two-part incomplete, for example:
He walked and walked, but never reached the forest.
In this sentence, the form of the predicate does not indicate in any way the producer of the action.
Even if it is clear from the previous context that the producer of the action is the speaker(s) or the hearer(s), sentences or parts of a complex sentence without a subject with a predicate in the past tense or in the conditional mood should be characterized as two-part incomplete, since information about the producer of the action is extracted not from the sentence itself, but from the previous context, which, in fact, is an indicator of the incompleteness of the sentence or part of it; see, for example, the second part of a complex sentence:
I would help you if I knew how.
In indefinite-personal sentences, as already mentioned, the main member is expressed by a verb in the 3rd person plural form (present and future tense in the indicative mood and in the imperative mood), the plural form of the past tense of the indicative mood or a similar form of the conditional mood of the verb. The producer of the action in these sentences is unknown or unimportant:
They are calling you / they called / let them call / they would call you.
Such sentences without a subject with a predicate in the indicated forms, in which the producer of the action is known from the previous context, are not indefinitely personal; see for example the second sentence in the following context:
We left the forest and tried to get our bearings. Then we walked along the path to the right.
Such sentences are also two-part incomplete.
Thus, when characterizing a sentence as a single-component definite-personal, it is necessary to remember the restrictions on the form of the predicate; when diagnosing a sentence as indefinite-personal, it is also necessary to take into account the meaning - an indication that the performer of the action is unknown.
Generalized personal one-part sentences include not all one-part sentences that report an action that can be attributed to everyone, but only those in which the predicate is expressed in the 2nd person form singular indicative and imperative or the 3rd person plural indicative form:
The forest is being cut down and the chips are flying.
However, in a generalized personal meaning, definitely personal sentences with the main member in the form of 1st person and impersonal sentences can be used: What we have, we don’t keep; when we lose it, we cry; If you're afraid of wolves, don't go into the forest. Nevertheless, such proposals are not usually characterized as generalized and personal.
The greatest difficulties are associated with parsing an impersonal sentence.
It is very difficult to determine the composition of the main members in sentences like We had a lot of fun going down this slide., i.e. in sentences containing a copula, a nominal part and an infinitive. There are two traditions in the analysis of such proposals.
There is an opinion that when characterizing such sentences as impersonal or two-part, it is not the sequence of components that is important (the infinitive at the beginning of the sentence or after the copula and the nominal part), but the meaning of the nominal part of the predicate.
So, if in the nominal part an adverb is used with the meaning of the state experienced by the performer of the action (fun, sad, hot, cold, etc.), then this is a one-part impersonal sentence:
It was fun going down this slide.
It was fun to ride down this slide.
If in the nominal part a word is used with the meaning of a positive or negative evaluation (good, bad, harmful, useful, etc.), then we have a two-part sentence with a subject expressed by the infinitive:
It was harmful for him to smoke.
Smoking was bad for him.
According to another linguistic tradition, the characteristics of a sentence of this type depend on the order of the words in it, and not on the meaning of the word in the nominal part. If the infinitive comes before the connective and the nominal part, then, given the relatively free order of words in the Russian language, it denotes the subject of the message and is the subject:
Smoking was bad for him.
If the infinitive follows the copula and the nominal part, then we have an impersonal sentence:
It was harmful for him to smoke.
With regard to impersonal sentences, it is also necessary to note the following: not impersonal, but two-part incomplete, it is customary to consider parts of a complex sentence in which the subject position is replaced by an explanatory clause or direct speech, for example:
You could hear the gate creaking a (compare: It was audible).
“I’m lost,” flashed through my head.(compare: It flashed through my head).
Such sentences without a subordinate part or direct speech lose all meaning and are not used, which is a criterion for the incompleteness of the sentence. Thus, the sentences *It was heard or *It flashed through my head cannot be understood and are not used.
Analysis plan:
Complex.
The number of parts in a complex complex, their boundaries (highlight grammatical bases in simple sentences).
Means of communication between parts (indicate conjunctions and determine the meaning of a complex sentence).
Proposal outline.
Sample parsing:
Was winter, but that's all last days stood thaw. (I. Bunin).
(Narrative, non-exclamative, complex, conjunction, compound, consists of two parts, opposition is expressed between the first and second parts, the parts are connected by an adversative conjunction But.)
Offer outline:
1 but 2.
The order of syntactic parsing of a complex sentence
Analysis plan:
Type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative or motivating).
Type of sentence according to emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).
Complex.
Main and subordinate parts.
What does the subordinate clause spread?
What is the subordinate clause attached to?
Location of the subordinate part.
Type of subordinate part.
Complex sentence diagram.
Sample parsing:
When she played downstairs on the piano 1, I got up And listened 2 . (A.P. Chekhov)
(Declarative, non-exclamative, complex, conjunction, complex, consists of two parts. The 2nd part is the main one, the 1st is the subordinate part, the subordinate part extends the main part and joins it with a conjunction When, the subordinate part is located before the main one, the type of subordinate part is the subordinate clause).
Offer outline:
(union when...) 1, [...] 2.
subordinate clause
Noun.. verb. union of places Verb. ex. adj. noun
Travelers saw, What They are on small clearing. (Narrative, non-vocal, complex, SPP with explanatory adjective, 1) non-distributive, two-part, complete. 2) distribution, two-part, full).
[ ____ ], (What…).
The order of syntactic parsing of a non-conjunctive complex sentence
Analysis plan:
Non-Union.
Number of parts (highlight grammatical basics in simple sentences).
Proposal outline.
Type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative or motivating).
Type of sentence according to emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).
Sample parsing:
The song ended 1 - the usual applause was heard 2. (I.S. Turgenev)
(Narrative, non-exclamative, complex, non-union, consists of two parts, the first part indicates the time of action of what is said in the second part, a dash is placed between the parts.)
Offer outline:
- Characterize the sentence according to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative or motivating.
- By emotional coloring: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
- Based on the presence of grammatical basics: simple or complex.
- Then, depending on whether the sentence is simple or complex:
| If simple: 5. Characterize the sentence by the presence of the main members of the sentence: two-part or one-part, indicate which is the main member of the sentence if it is one-part (subject or predicate). 6. Characterize by the presence of minor members of the sentence: common or non-widespread. 7. Indicate whether the sentence is complicated in any way (homogeneous members, address, introductory words) or not complicated. 8. Underline all parts of the sentence, indicate parts of speech. 9. Draw up a sentence outline, indicating the grammatical basis and complication, if any. | If it's complicated: 5. Indicate what kind of connection is in the sentence: union or non-union. 6. Indicate what is the means of communication in a sentence: intonation, coordinating conjunctions or subordinating conjunctions. 7. Conclude what kind of sentence it is: non-union (BSP), complex (SSP), complex (SPP). 8. Parse each part of a complex sentence as a simple one, starting with point No. 5 of the adjacent column. 9. Underline all parts of the sentence, indicate parts of speech. 10. Draw up a sentence outline, indicating the grammatical basis and complication, if any. |
Example of parsing a simple sentence
Oral analysis:
Declarative sentence, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis: pupils and female students studying, common, complicated by homogeneous subjects.
Writing:
Declarative, non-exclamative, simple, two-part, grammatical basis pupils and female students studying, common, complicated by homogeneous subjects.
An example of parsing a complex sentence
Oral analysis:
Declarative sentence, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction, means of communication subordinating conjunction because, complex sentence. The first simple sentence: one-part, with the main member - the predicate didn't ask common, not complicated. Second simple sentence: two-part, grammatical basis my class and I went common, not complicated.
Writing:
Declarative, non-exclamative, complex, conjunction, means of communication subordinating conjunction because, SPP.
1st PP: one-part, with the main member – predicate didn't ask common, not complicated.
2nd PP: two-part, grammatical basis - my class and I went widespread, not complicated.
Example of a diagram (sentence followed by a diagram)
Another parsing option
Parsing. Order in parsing.
In phrases:
- Select the required phrase from the sentence.
- We look at the structure - highlight the main word and the dependent word. We indicate which part of speech is the main and dependent word. Next we indicate which in a syntactic way this phrase is related.
- And finally, we indicate what its grammatical meaning is.
In a simple sentence:
- We determine what the sentence is based on the purpose of the statement - narrative, incentive or interrogative.
- We find the basis of the sentence, establish that the sentence is simple.
- Next, you need to talk about how this proposal is constructed.
- Is it two-part or one-part. If it is one-part, then determine the type: personal, impersonal, nominal or indefinitely personal.
- Common or not common
- Incomplete or complete. If the sentence is incomplete, then it is necessary to indicate which member of the sentence is missing.
- If this sentence is complicated in any way, be it homogeneous members or separate members of the proposal, this must be noted.
- Next you need to analyze the sentence by members, indicating what parts of speech they are. It is important to follow the parsing order. First, the predicate and subject are determined, then the secondary ones, which are included first in the subject, then in the predicate.
- We explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence one way or another.
Predicate
- We note whether the predicate is a simple verb or a compound (nominal or verbal).
- Indicate how the predicate is expressed:
- simple - what form of the verb;
- compound verb - what it consists of;
- compound nominal - what copula is used, how the nominal part is expressed.
In a sentence that has homogeneous members.
If we have a simple sentence before us, then when analyzing it we need to note what kind of homogeneous members of the sentence they are and how they are related to each other. Either through intonation, or through intonation with conjunctions.
In sentences with isolated members:
If we have a simple sentence before us, then when analyzing it, we need to note what the turnover will be. Next, we analyze the words that are included in this circulation according to the members of the sentence.
In sentences with isolated parts of speech:
First, we note that in this sentence there is direct speech. We indicate the direct speech and text of the author. We analyze and explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence this way and not otherwise. We draw a proposal diagram.
In a compound sentence:
First, we indicate which sentence according to the purpose of the statement is interrogative, declarative or motivating. We find simple sentences in the sentence and highlight the grammatical basis in them.
We find conjunctions that connect simple sentences into complex ones. We note what kind of conjunctions they are - adversative, connecting or disjunctive. We determine the meaning of this entire complex sentence - opposition, alternation or enumeration. We explain why the punctuation marks are placed in this way in the sentence. Then each simple sentence that makes up a complex sentence must be parsed in the same way as a simple sentence is parsed.
In a complex sentence with a subordinate clause (one)
First, we indicate what the sentence is according to the purpose of the statement. We highlight the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up a complex sentence. Let's read them out.
We name which sentence is the main one and which is the subordinate one. We explain exactly how complex sentence it is, we pay attention to how it is constructed, how the subordinate clause is connected to the main clause and what it refers to.
We explain why punctuation marks are placed in this way in this sentence. Then, the subordinate and main clauses must be parsed in the same way as simple sentences are parsed.
In a complex sentence with subordinate clauses (several)
We call what a sentence is according to the purpose of the statement. We highlight the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up a complex sentence and read them out. We indicate which sentence is the main one and which is the subordinate clause. It is necessary to indicate what the subordination is in the sentence - either it is parallel subordination, either consistent or homogeneous. If there is a combination of several types of subordination, this must be noted. We explain why punctuation marks are placed in this way in the sentence. And, at the end, we analyze the subordinate and main clauses as simple sentences.
In a complex non-union sentence:
We call what a sentence is according to the purpose of the statement. We find the grammatical basis of all the simple sentences that make up this complex sentence. We read them out and name the number of simple sentences that make up a complex sentence. We determine the meaning of the relationships between simple sentences. It can be sequence, cause and effect, opposition, simultaneity, explanation or addition.
We note what the structural features of this sentence are, what kind of complex sentence it is. How are the primes connected in this sentence and what do they refer to.
We explain why the punctuation marks are placed in this way in the sentence.
In a complex sentence in which there are different types of connections.
We call what purpose the sentence is in terms of the purpose of the statement. We find and highlight the grammatical basis of all simple sentences that make up a complex sentence, and read them out. We establish that this proposal will be a proposal in which there are different types communications. Why? We determine what connections are present in this sentence - conjunctional coordinating, subordinating or any others.
According to the meaning, we establish how in complex sentence simple ones are formed. We explain why punctuation marks are placed in the sentence in this way. We parse all the simple sentences from which a complex sentence is composed in the same way as a simple sentence.
Everything for studying » Russian language » Parsing sentences
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