Both participle forms and verbal adjectives can be formed from the same verb. If suffixes of different sound (letter) composition are used to form participles and adjectives, it is not difficult to distinguish them: from the verb burn using a suffix -box- a participle is formed burning, and using the suffix -yuch-- adjective combustible. If both participles and adjectives are formed using suffixes that have the same sound (letter) composition (for example, -enn- or -them-), it is more difficult to distinguish them.
However, there are differences between participles and adjectives in this case as well.
1. Participles denote a temporary attribute of an object associated with its participation (active or passive) in an action, and adjectives denote a permanent attribute of an object (for example, “arising as a result of an action,” “capable of participating in an action”), cf.:
She was raised in strict rules (=She was raised with strict rules) - participle;
She was brought up, educated (=She was well-mannered and educated).
2. Word in full form with the suffix - n-(-nn-), -en-(-enn)- is a verbal adjective if it is formed from the verb NSV and has no dependent words, and is a participle if it is formed from the verb SV and/or has dependent words, cf.:
unmown meadows(adjective),
unmown meadows(participle, because there is a dependent word),
mown meadows(participle, because SV).
3. Since only transitive verbs of the NSV can have present passive participles, words with suffixes - im-, -eat- are adjectives if they are formed from a verb SV or an intransitive verb:
waterproof boots get wet intransitive in the meaning “to let water through”),
invincible army(adjective, because verb win SV).
Morphological analysis of the participle
There are several ways morphological analysis participles, depending on whether the participle is considered a form of a verb or an independent part of speech.
Analyzing the participle as a form of a verb, it is logical to describe all signs related specifically to the participle as unstable; Thus, the inconstant signs must include the following: in the form of participle, present / past tense, active / passive voice, full/short form (for passive), gender, number, case (for complete).
However, in all school textbooks, including those that describe the participle as a special form of the verb (complex 3, previous editions of complex 1), a scheme for parsing the participle is given that corresponds to the understanding of the participle as an independent part of speech. If we consider the participle an independent part of speech, then the active and passive participles of the present and past tenses will be separate words, and not forms of the same word. So, reading, read, readable And read will be recognized as 4 independent words. Based on this logic, the following scheme for parsing the participle is proposed:
1. Communion. Initial form- I. p. husband. kind of units numbers.
2. Morphological characteristics:
a) constant:
Returnability,
active/passive,
b) non-permanent: in the form of a participle
Full / short (passive only),
Genus (singular number),
Case (for complete ones).
3. Syntactic role in the sentence.
This is exactly the scheme proposed in complex 3; in complex 1 the scheme is similar minus the recurrence feature. In complex 2, for some reason, the full/short form is also included in the category of constant features.
Let's bring parsing sample participles as a form of a verb and as an independent part of speech.
A revolving glass door with brass steamer rails ushered him into a large pink marble lobby. The grounded elevator housed an information desk. A laughing woman's face looked out from there.
(I. Ilf and E. Petrov).
Analysis of the participle as a verb form:
rotating- verb, beginning form spin;
fast. signs: non-transition, return, NSV, II reference. (excl.);
synth. role: definition.
grounded- verb, beginning form ground;
fast. signs: transition, non-return, NE, II reference;
non-post signs: in the form of a participle, suffer., past. time, full uniform, male kind, units numbers, P. p.;
synth. role: definition.
laughing- verb, beginning form laugh;
fast. signs: non-transition, return, NSV, I spr;
non-post signs: in the form of a participle, actual, present. time, women kind, units numbers, I. p.;
synth. role: definition.
Analysis of the participle as an independent part of speech:
rotating- prib., beg. form spinning;
fast. signs: return, NSV, real, present time;
synth. role: definition.
grounded- prib., beg. form grounded;
fast. signs: irrevocable, SV, passive, past. time;
non-post signs: fully uniform, husband kind, units number, P. p.;
synth. role: definition.
laughing- prib., beg. form laughing;
fast. signs: returned, NSV, valid, present. time;
non-post signs: for women kind, units number, I. p.;
synth. role: definition.
Participle
Like the participle, the gerund can be considered as an independent part of speech (complex 2 and the latest editions of complex 1) or as a special form of the verb (complex 3 and previous editions of complex 1). We proceed from the understanding of the participle as a verbal form.
Participle is a special form of the verb that has the following characteristics:
1. Indicates an additional action, answers questions doing what? or having done what?
2-3. It has the grammatical features of a verb and an adverb.
The signs of a verb include the form ( reading- NSV, after reading- NE), transitivity ( reading a book- transitional, sitting on a chair- intransitive) and reflexivity ( washing- non-refundable, washing my face- return). In addition, the gerund is characterized by the same control as other verb forms: reading / read / read / reading a book, But reading a book.
Adverbial signs of gerunds include immutability (gerunds do not have morphological features mood, tense, person, gender, number, characteristic of the conjugated forms of the verb, and are not declined, unlike participles); the syntactic function of the gerund is adverbial; In a sentence, the gerund depends on the verb.
Imperfect participles answer the question doing what? and denote an action that is simultaneous with another action (for example, with the one indicated by the predicate): Standing on a stool, he took books from the top shelf.
NSV gerunds are formed from NSV verbs from the present tense stem using a formative suffix -a(s).
At the verb be The participle is formed using the suffix - teach from the stem of the future tense: be-teach. The same suffix is used to form stylistically colored variant forms of gerunds in some other verbs: game-i - game-yuchi.
Not all NSV verbs have imperfective participles; Thus, the NSV gerunds are not formed:
From verbs to -whose: bake - *baking (oven);
From verbs to -no: wither - *withering,;
From some sibilant verbs based on the present tense: write, write - *writing, lick - *licking(but adverb lying down);
From verbs with a present tense stem consisting only of consonants, and derivatives from them: drink, drink (pj-ut) -*drinking.
At the verb give The participle is formed from a special stem: giving (let's go).
Perfect participles answer the question what did you do? and denote the action that preceded the action of the main verb: Standing on a stool, he took out a book from the top shelf.
SV gerunds are formed from SV verbs from the past tense stem using suffixes
-V from verbs with a stem to a vowel: done-in,
-lice from reflexive verbs with a base on a vowel (or outdated, stylistically non-neutral gerunds such as having seen, having looked etc.): mind the lice,
-shi from verbs with a stem to a consonant: baked-shi.
Some verbs have variable forms of the gerund participle SV: one is formed according to the scheme described above, the other by adding the suffix - a(s) to the base of the future tense: frown - lice - frown - I - frown.
Verbs read, gain do not have gerunds formed in the standard way, instead of which gerunds are used I read it, I found it, formed from the stem of the simple future tense using the suffix - I.
Bi-aspect verbs may have two gerunds, formed according to the rules for the formation of gerunds NSV and SV, for example:
promise: I promise - NSV, promise-in- NE,
marry: Zhenya - NSV, marry-in- NE.
The gerund must indicate the action of the object (person) that is named as the subject, and this object (person) must be the subject of two actions - named in the predicate and in the gerund. If these requirements are not met, incorrect sentences like
*I got a headache when I left the house(gerunds and the conjugated form of the verb denote the actions of different subjects).
*Lost, the puppy was soon found by his owners(the noun in the subject is the subject of the action, called the gerund, and the object of the action, called the predicate).
A gerund may name an additional action related to the main member of a one-part sentence, as well as to other members of the sentence, expressed by an infinitive, participle or other gerund. The sentence is constructed correctly if the additional and main action have the same subject. For example: When crossing the street, you should look around.
In Russian, the participle can turn into verbal adjective due to the weakening of the properties of the verb. In other words, the sacrament gradually loses its temporary properties and acquires permanent qualities. Accordingly, the spelling changes "nn" in participles and verbal adjectives. It is important to know that participles are written with double " nn", in addition to the words: smart, named, and in adjectives - one "n" except for the words: unexpected, unexpected, unseen, desired and others.
Properties of parts of speech
In order to distinguish between a passive participle and a verbal adjective, you need to know their properties. Properties of participle and adjective:
The adjective is characterized by two more features:
- It can be included in a number of homogeneous members (well-mannered and shy).
- It may have a figurative meaning (lost gaze).
Participle and verbal adjective
The participle has its own specific affixes used for formation. For example, chlorine is not a participle, because the verb “chlorine” does not exist, unexpected is not a participle due to the fact that the word “unexpected” does not exist in the language.
To distinguish between these two categories you need:
Thus, if a word corresponds to at least one of the named points, it is a participle, which means you need to write " nn"; if the word does not correspond to any point, then these are verbal adjectives (“ n" And " nn" in which cases to write, we have already found out), you need to write one letter. If it is necessary to determine the part of the written word, a word with two letters will be a participle, but one with one will not.
Dependence on semantic meaning
As for the suffixes of the analyzed parts of speech, the spelling of verbal adjectives should be noted. For example, words such as butter pancakes and oil paint. Here we differentiate between participles and adjectives not according to the rule, but in accordance with the meaning. In the first phrase it is a verbal adjective formed from the verb “oil”, and in the second it is an adjective formed from the noun “butter”. And in the phrase, for example, “butter pancakes in the morning” oiled- participle. In other words, when a word is used to mean “made of oil or powered by oil,” it is written with the suffix -yan. If it means “soaked in oil,” then the suffix is -en.
The word wounded has two spellings. For example, in the sentence “Remaining wounded, he has already begun to prepare for the campaign” in the word wounded - doubled "nn", although there is no prefix and no dependent word, is formed from the verb “to wound” of the imperfect form, the word does not end in -ovanny, -evanny. Doubled "nn" is explained by the fact that the word carries a verbal meaning, that is, it denotes a temporary sign and is a participle. A verbal adjective does not denote an action and answers the question: which? Which?
Short and long forms
Having one or two "n" in a word depends on the form: full or short. So, in short adjectives so much is written "n", how many in full. And in short participles only one is always written "n". The girl was spoiled(spoiled - a short adjective that denotes a permanent characteristic). The boys must have been spoiled by life(spoiled - participle, denotes a temporary sign).
Suffixes of verbal adjectives have their own characteristics. It should be added that in some combinations of repeated words, such as: patched-re-patched, washed-washed, despite the presence of the prefix pere, in the second part of the combinations one is written. Combinations have the meaning of degree of quality and are classified as adjectives.
Change of lexical meaning
In cases where the participle turns into an adjective, it may change lexical meaning. For example, the participle “forgiven” in the phrase “forgiven person” means “a person who has been forgiven,” but the adjective forgiven in the phrase “forgiven Sunday” takes on a different meaning and means the name of the day of the week before the great Orthodox fast.
Complex verbal adjectives “n” and “nn” like: lightly salted, smooth-bleached, freshly dyed, are written with one "n". But: g bleached, freshly painted, lightly salted written with double "n", since the second part of these words is formed from verbs with prefixes.
Noun suffixes
Nouns formed from passive participles and verbal adjectives can also be written with one "n", and with two "nn". It all depends on the stem of the word from which it is derived. For example, protege- from an adjective set, but the producing verb is put in the perfect form, so we write with two "nn". Ice cream- from participle " ice cream", but, since the producing basis freeze(what to do?) - imperfect form, then we write one "n". The same applies to the spelling of derived adverbs.
Changing a participle to an adjective
If the participle turns into an adjective, then it takes on its characteristics:
From it a simple comparative degree (surprised, more surprised).
It can be combined with words less and more ( less surprised).
He has synonyms and antonyms from adjectives ( inspired mood, that is funny- synonym, sad- antonym).
I am making an attempt to create something like a reference summary for those who find it difficult to determine the part of speech and, accordingly, are confused in the spelling of participles and verbal adjectives.
Questions, clarifications and attempts to round up will be welcome.
Participles differ from adjectives not only in the presence of verb features, but also in their meaning.
Adjectives denote permanent characteristics objects, and participles - signs that develop over time.
For example: red (generally red) - blushing, blushing (becoming, becoming red over some time); old (generally old) - aging, aged (becoming old over a period of time).
Offtopic
Participles can lose their meaning and characteristics of a verb and turn into adjectives. In this case, the participle already denotes a constant attribute of an object (loses the category of time), loses the ability to have subordinate (dependent) words with it, to control nouns: an out-of-tune piano, a defiant look, an aspiring poet, a brilliant answer.
For example: He also liked Titus Nikonich... loved by everyone (participle) and loving everyone. (I. Goncharov)
When she played my favorite (adjective) pieces on the piano... I listened with pleasure. (A. Chekhov).
Passive participles most easily transform into adjectives: restrained character, high spirits, strained relationships, confused appearance.
Participles are used primarily in bookish speech styles and are almost never found in everyday speech.
To differentiate between a participle and an adjective, you first need to remember one simple thing:
The participle can be replaced by a phrase with the verb from which it is formed.
For example, a built house is a house that is built;
Offtopic
A participle may have a dependent word.
For example: eyes shining (from what?) with joy - communion.
and an adjective can be replaced by another adjective.
For example:
eyes shining (participle) with joy - replace: eyes that shine + there is a dependent word “with joy”
brilliant (adjective) performances - replace: amazing performances, wonderful performances, excellent performances.
Offtopic
The terms are always adjectives (typewriter);
The particle does NOT reduce verbosity, so the word is used as an adjective (inappropriate conditions - adjective);
Participles on – shiy often turn into adjectives (the past year is an adjective).
How to distinguish unloved from unloved?
Participle - if there is a dependent word + the form is formed from an imperfective verb, i.e. answering the question “what to do?”
For example:
not loved (derived from the verb - “what to do?” - “to love”, non-natural form) by a child (< - это зависимое слово) игрушки.
Let's repeat and clarify:
If a word can be replaced by a verb without changing the essence phrases, and substitute dependent word V instrumental case, That this is a participle
(exquisite reserves - to find reserves, exquisite (by whom?) reserves by the chief);
If possible replace with another adjective, apply degrees of comparison or form an adverb from a word with –O, then it's an adjective
(exquisite manners - noble manners, extremely refined manners, exquisitely);
In every doubtful case, experiment with synonyms or try to form a verb form, add a dependent word and over time the distinction will become easier.
Letters Н and НН in verbal adjectives and participles
One letter H written in adjectives with suffixes -n-, -en-, formed from imperfective verbs without a prefix:
For example: loaded (one “n”, because the word is formed from the verb “load” without a prefix, an imperfective verb, because it answers the question “what to do?”) machine, knitted (one “n”, because it is formed from the verb “knit” without a prefix) sweater.
Adjectives here do not have dependent words. If no dependent word is added, you have an adjective.
Two letters HH are written:
A) in participles, as well as verbal adjectives formed from perfective verbs, with and without prefixes:
salted butter, broken things (participles);
an absent-minded person (an adjective formed from the verb “scatter” of the perfect form, answering the question “what to do?”), a desperate step (an adjective formed from the verb “to despair” of the perfect form, answering the question “what to do?”)
Exceptions: smart boy, sworn brother;
b) in participles with a dependent word:
loaded with (what?) bricks, crocheted (with what?);
And if diligent J. explains to me in her own words in the comments why “loaded car” is spelled with one “n”, and “car loaded with bricks” with two, then she will receive a bun.
c) We memorize (read: cram, so that forever) exception adjectives: unprecedented, unheard of, unexpected, unforeseen, desired, sacred, accidental, minted (step), done (look), cutesy, slow;
d) in adjectives formed from passive participles -ovanny, -ovanny: rhymed, qualified, uprooted (exceptions: forged, chewed).
They saw “ovanny, yovanny” - they wrote two “n”
3. In short participles, one letter N is written,
in short verbal adjectives two letters N are written.
To distinguish in a sentence short form participle from the short form of the adjective, you can use the same principles as for distinguishing the full form.
a) if it is possible to replace the short form with a synonym in the short form, you have an adjective.
Their views are very limited (i.e. narrow, narrow-minded - short adjective);
b) if we see a dependent word, we have a participle in front of us.
The interests of the Oblomovites were limited to a narrow circle of everyday concerns (limited (by what?) to a narrow circle of concerns - short communion).
Which is not conjugated and denotes a sign by action (procedural sign).” Therefore, the participle can be replaced by a phrase with the verb from which it is formed. For example, a built house is a house that is built.
Distinguish between a verbal adjective and an active present participle:
- there is a dependent word. For example: eyes shining (from what?) with joy - communion;
- an adjective can be replaced with another adjective. For example: eyes shining (participle) with joy - brilliant (adjective) performances (brilliant performances - magnificent, spectacular, successful, excellent);
- terms are always adjectives (typewriter);
- the particle does NOT reduce verbosity, so the word is used already in a role (inappropriate conditions - adjective).
Distinguish between an adjective and an active past participle:
- participles-SHYY often turns into adjectives (the elapsed year is an adjective);
- participles, which are formed from the basics intransitive verbs perfect form, acquire a qualitative meaning and become verbal adjectives. For example: extinguished (from go out - intransitive perfective, adjective) eyes, but extinguished (participle) fire.
Distinguish between a verbal adjective and the present passive participle (in -MY):
- a word is an adjective if it is formed from a perfective verb and from intransitive verbs of the form;
- a word is a participle if it is formed from an imperfective verb;
- if there is a dependent word in the instrumental case (subject), then the main word will be a participle. For example: unloved (adjective) toys, unloved (participle) toys by the child (subject).
Distinguish between an adjective and a passive past participle:
- if a word can be replaced with a verb without changing the essence of the phrase, and a dependent word can be substituted in the instrumental case, then this is a participle (exquisite reserves - to find reserves, exquisite (by whom?) reserves chief);
- if you can replace it with another adjective, apply degrees of comparison or from a word with -O, then this is an adjective (exquisite manners - noble manners, extremely refined manners, exquisitely);
- distinguish the adjective in figurative meaning(open (passive past participle with the suffix -T-) door – open (adjective) face).
Write with -N- and -NN-:
-N- in adjectives formed from imperfective verbs, without a word (knitted hat);
-NN- in participles x, formed from imperfective verbs, with a dependent word (knitted hat);
-NN- in participles x, formed from perfective verbs (tied (knit) jacket);
-NN- in verbal adjectives formed from imperfect verbs of -OVA-, -EVA- (pickled cucumbers).
Sources:
- verbal adjectives are
In order to find Communion among other parts of speech, you need to know what distinguishes it from them. Firstly, this is a special form of the verb, denoting the attribute of an object by action. Secondly, it has the characteristics of a verb and an adjective.
You will need
- 1. Words
- 2. Participles
Instructions
Look at the meaning of this word. If these are real present participles, then you will encounter -ush-, -yush-, -ash-, -yash. For example, issuing. If these are present passive participles, then these are the suffixes -em-, -im-. For example, produced.
Correctly identify active past participles. They are characterized by the suffixes –vsh-, -sh-. For example, the one who read, who brought. For past passives, the characters are the suffixes –nn-, -t-, -enn-. For example, drawn, offended, sung.
Sources:
- “Modern Russian language”, Beloshapkova V.A. 1989.
Participles and participles, as well as participial and participial phrases, perform different functions in a sentence, play different roles. They also have pronounced morphological differences.
Instructions
Communion(turnover) necessarily refers to the word being defined - a noun or pronoun, depends on it, changes in numbers, genders and, has a full and - some - short form.
For example: smiling person; us, who have signed this document, ...
Other nominal parts of speech can also act as a defined word if they are in the meaning of a noun.
For example: tidy dining room; “154th”, who asked to board, ... (about). Participle or participial phrase refers only to the predicate verb and denotes an additional action with the main action expressed by the verb. Unlike the participle, the gerund is an unchangeable word form.
For example: lying motionless; froze standing in the wind.
Communion and the functions of definition - single or widespread, agreed or inconsistent, isolated or not isolated.
For example: Those who had calmed down silently and obediently dropped the yellow ones.
Participles in short form are used only as a nominal part of a compound predicate.
For example: The hair is silvered with early gray hair. The participle and participial phrase act as different circumstances.
Paler, the dawn subsides (I. Nikitin).
Formal features distinguishing participles and participles, are suffixes.
In school classes, all information about suffixes is summarized in tables that are posted on. For convenience, they can be written down, for example, on the cover of a notebook.
Derivative suffixes of active participles: -ush-(-yush-), -ash-(-yash); -vsh-, -sh-; passive: - om-(-eat-), -im-; -enn-, -nn-, -t-.
Derivative suffixes of imperfect and perfect gerunds: -a-, -ya-, -uchi-, -yuchi-, -v-, -louse-, -shi-.
A participle is a special verb form that has both the properties of a verb and an adjective. From the verb, the participle has aspect, transitivity, reflexivity and voice, and from the adjective - changes in cases, numbers and genders, as well as agreement with the noun. A participle, like an adjective, denotes a characteristic of an object.
Grammatical features of participle
As a special form, it has some characteristics of this part of speech. They are of the perfect and imperfect form: “- prompted”, “excited - excited”; recurrent and irrevocable: “decided”, “falling asleep”; present and past tense: “thinking”, “running”.
Unlike a verb, a participle does not have a future tense form.
Denoting the attribute of an object, the participle, like adjectives, grammatically depends on and agrees with it in gender, number and case. For example: “boiling stream - boiling stream - boiling stream - boiling streams; boiling lava, boiling milk."
Types and methods of forming participles
Lexical meaning - a sign of an object by action - consists of the grammatical features of this part of speech. For example: “singing birds” (those that are singing now), “singing birds” (those that sang in the past), “the issue under discussion” (the one that someone is discussing now), “the issue under discussion” (the one which has already been discussed).
Accordingly, there are 4 forms of participles: active present and past tense, passive present and past tense.
The first group of participles (actual present tense) are formed from the present tense stem using the suffixes -ush- (-yush-), -ash- (-yash-). The choice of suffix depends on the verb. For example: “cry-ut - cry-ush-y”, “kol-yut - kol-yush-y” - I conjugation; “lech-at – lech-ash-y”, “kle-yat – kle-yash-y” – II conjugation.
Active participles in the past tense are formed from the infinitive by replacing the suffixes –т, -ти with the suffixes –вш-, -ш-. For example: “run - run - run”, “carry - carry”.
Passive participles present tense are formed from verbs in the present tense using the suffixes –em- (I conjugation) and –im- (II conjugation): “cherish-em - cherish-em-y”, “kran-im - store-im” -th".
Passive past participles are formed from the stem of the indefinite form of the verb using the suffix –nn-, if the verbs end in –att, -et. Verbs ending in –it receive the suffix –enn-, just like verbs ending in –ti, -ch, and verbs ending in –ot, -ut-, -ity- receive the suffix –t-. For example: “write - write-nn-y”, “capture - captured-nn-y”, “save - save-y”, “forget- forget-y”.
Short participles, as well as short adjectives, are in a sentence the nominal part of a compound nominal predicate.
Passive participles have a short form with truncated ones: -а, -о, -ы. For example: “sent, sent-a, sent-o, sent-s.”
Adjective- an independent part of speech that denotes an attribute of an object and answers questions Which? which? which? which? whose?
For example: cold; broken.
Communion- a special form of a verb that denotes an attribute of an object by action and answers questions Which? which? which? which?
For example: broken, broken by hands.
Adjectives can be formed from nouns ( cold - cold;
glass - glass) and from verbs ( break - broken).
Adjectives formed from verbs should be distinguished from participles.
prib. p adj.
Compare: The Frenchman spoke broken Russian. - The bundle of firewood was assembled from the branches I had broken.
Basic features of distinguishing verbal adjectives and participles
Verbal adjectives do not have a prefix (except NOT) or dependent word.
adj. participle participle
Compare: painted (unpainted) floor - painted brush floor - By painted floor.
Verbal adjectives can be formed from unprefixed imperfective verbs, and participles - from unprefixed perfective verbs.
adj. participle
Compare: a worn suit is a purchased suit.
wear - unsov.v. buy - sov.v.
Words with the suffixes -ovan-/-evan- without prefixes or dependent words are verbal adjectives.
adj. prib.
Compare: a forged chest is a shod horse.
Some participles can become adjectives. To distinguish them, let's determine the lexical meaning of these words.
For example: named (Brother)- named taller brother. We select synonyms: twinned And the one named above. We see that the lexical meaning of words is different. The participle retains the connection with the verb.
Examples of verbal adjectives:
- planted father - acting as a father at a wedding;
- smart The baby is smart, understanding, and picks things up on the fly.
Pay attention to the emphasis in these words.
References
- Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. - 13th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2009.
- Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. - 34th ed. - M.: Education, 2012.
- Russian language. Practice. 7th grade. Ed. S.N. Pimenova - 19th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2012.
- Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. Russian language. 7th grade. In 3 parts - 8th ed. - M.: Mnemosyne, 2012.
- How to distinguish a participle from an adjective? ().
- Russian language in diagrams and tables. Spelling of participle suffixes ().
- Devyatova N.M.. Participles and verbal adjectives ().
- Didactic materials. Section "Communion" ().
- Formation of participles ().
Homework
Task No. 1
Distribute the phrases into two columns: participle or verbal adjective.
A wounded fighter - a wounded soldier, sowing grain - sowing flour, a boy with a haircut - hair cut to zero - a shorn head , distilled water, linen notebook, burnt coffee - burnt letter.
Task No. 2. Form all verbs from each possible options participles and verbal adjectives according to the example:
adj. adj. prib. prib.
Color:painted floor - unpainted boards - painted bench - painted
Walls - frames are not painted.
Verbs: boil, tangle, weave, dry, stew, bake, scare, fry.
Task No. 3. Say the phrases. Justify the place of stress in verbs, participles and verbal adjectives.
To spoil a child is a spoiled child; carbonate water - sparkling water; pleated skirt - pleated skirt; date a manuscript - a dated manuscript; low-cut - low-cut dress; dose a medicine - dosed medicine; block solution - blocked solution; compost a ticket - a composted ticket; disguise the entrance - disguised entrance; seal the carriage - sealed carriage; spoil a dog - spoiled dog; copy documents - copied documents; costume ball, normalized working day - normalized day; group sentences - grouped errors; install equipment - mounted equipment; form a team - a formed team; caricatured image; equip the team - equipped team.
