Determinative pronouns
Determinative pronouns
Discharge pronouns(start with all-), indicating the entire set: everything, everything, everywhere, everywhere, always: Everyone feels bad; Everything will pass. This category includes pronouns indicating any element of the set: everyone, each, any, other, other, as well as the pronoun himself: Everyone should know this.
Literature and language. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Edited by prof. Gorkina A.P. 2006 .
See what “qualifying pronouns” are in other dictionaries:
Indicate a generalized attribute of an object. These include the pronouns: himself, most, all, everyone, each, other, any, other, as well as the pronouns all and everyone (obsolete). The pronouns any, everyone, each have the meaning of one of all... ... Wikipedia
See attributive pronouns (pronoun in the article) ...
Determinative pronouns
Determinative pronouns- 1. Despite the significant semantic similarity of the pronouns everyone, each and any (cf.: each of us can do this - ... each of us - ... any of us) they differ from each other in their inherent shades of meaning. Everyone has a pronoun... ... A reference book on spelling and style
Indicate a generalized attribute of an object. All, every, every, any, himself, most, different. The pronoun itself can have the meaning of an intensifying word with a noun or personal pronoun. It was Pugachev (Pushkin) himself. Here he stands with... ... Dictionary linguistic terms
attributive pronouns- 1) himself, herself, all, everything (local noun); 2) most, every, other, all, everything, everything (local adj.); 3) some, each (local number); 4) always, everywhere, sometimes, everywhere (local adv.) ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal
A pronoun is an independent part of speech, used instead of a noun, adjective, numeral, adverb or its characteristics and indicating them, their relationship to other objects, phenomena, etc. Contents 1 ... Wikipedia
Pronoun part of speech without its own lexical meaning and used instead of one or another noun or adjective, without naming an object (phenomenon, etc.) or its characteristic, but only pointing to them or their... ... Wikipedia
A pronoun is a part of speech that is devoid of its own lexical meaning and is used instead of one or another noun or adjective, without naming an object (phenomenon, etc.) or its characteristic, but only pointing to them or their... ... Wikipedia
Pronoun is an independent non-nominal part of speech that indicates objects, signs or quantities, but does not name them.
The grammatical features of pronouns are different and depend on which part of speech the pronoun is a substitute for in the text.
Places of pronouns by meaning
There are 9 categories of pronouns according to their meaning:
1. Personal : I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they. Personal pronouns indicate participants in the dialogue ( me, you, we, you), persons not participating in the conversation, and objects ( he, she, it, they).
2. Returnable : myself. This pronoun indicates the identity of the person or thing named by the subject with the person or thing named by the word itself ( He won't hurt himself. Hopes were not justified).
3. Possessives : . Possessive pronouns indicate that an object belongs to a person or another object ( This is my briefcase. Its size is very convenient).
4. Index fingers : this, that, such, such, so much, this(obsolete), this one(obsolete). These pronouns indicate the attribute or quantity of objects.
5. Definitive : himself, most, all, every, every, any, other, different, everyone(obsolete), all kinds(obsolete). Determinative pronouns indicate the attribute of an object.
6. Interrogative : who, what, which, which, whose, how many. Interrogative pronouns serve as special question words and indicate persons, objects, characteristics and quantity.
7. Relative : the same as interrogatives, in the function of connecting parts of a complex sentence ( allied words).
8. Negative : no one, nothing, no one, nothing, none, no one's. Negative pronouns express the absence of an object or attribute.
9. Undefined : someone, something, some, some, several, as well as all pronouns formed from interrogative pronouns with the prefix some- or suffixes - this, -either, -something.
Classifications of pronouns according to grammatical features
According to their grammatical characteristics, pronouns correlate with nouns, adjectives and numerals. Pronominal nouns indicate a person or object, pronominal adjectives indicate the attribute of an object, pronominal numerals indicate quantity.
TO pronouns-nouns include: all personal pronouns, reflexive self, interrogative-relative who and what and negative and indefinite ones formed from them ( no one, nothing, no one, nothing, someone, something, someone, etc.).
TO pronouns-adjectives include all possessives, all attributives, demonstratives this, that, such, such, this, that, interrogative-relatives which, which, whose and the negative and indefinite derived from them (none, no one, some, some, some, etc.).
TO numeral pronouns pronouns refer to as many as those formed from them ( a few, some etc.).
Grammatical features of pronouns-nouns
Pronominal nouns include the following pronouns: personal , you, he, she, it, we, you, they, returnable myself, interrogative-relative Who And What and the negative and indefinite ones formed from them ( no one, nothing, no one, nothing, no one, something, someone, something, anything etc.).
These pronouns have grammatical features similar to the grammatical features of nouns, but they also have certain differences from significant nouns. You can ask them questions: who? or what?, in a sentence these words act primarily as subjects or objects.
Let's consider the morphological features of pronouns-nouns.
Personal pronouns have a morphological feature faces :
1st person: me, we;
2nd person: you, you;
3rd person: he, she, it, they.
The morphological feature of the person of pronouns is expressed non-verbally - by personal endings of the verb in the present or future tense indicative mood and forms imperative mood verb, i.e. those verbal forms that have a morphological feature of person:
1st person: I'm going, we're going;
2nd person: you go-eat, go-and-, you go-eat, go-and-those;
3rd person: he, she, it goes, let it go, they go, let it go.
For other pronouns-nouns, as well as for all significant nouns, it is not customary to determine the person.
Personal pronouns have a morphological feature numbers . There are only one personal pronoun ( me, you, he, she, it) and plural ( we, you, they) numbers.
Pronouns-nouns have a constant feature sort of . This question, like the question of number, is poorly covered in school textbooks. We will proceed from the following provisions. All personal pronouns have a constant gender marker, which, like significant nouns, is expressed non-verbally.
The pronouns I and you are of the general gender: I, you came - I, you came.
Pronoun he masculine: he came.
The pronoun she is feminine: she came.
The pronoun is neuter: it came-o.
Pronouns plural we, you, they are not characterized by gender. We can talk about the animation of personal pronouns, since their V. p. coincides with R. p. ( no you - I see you).
All personal pronouns change according to cases , i.e. they are inclined.
In indirect cases with a preposition, n is added to pronouns of the 3rd person: he has, to them, from her. Additions do not occur with derivative prepositions during, thanks to, according to, despite, etc.: thanks to her, according to him.
The reflexive pronoun-noun itself has no gender or number. It is inflected in the same way as the personal pronoun you, with the exception that the pronoun itself does not have the form I. p.
Interrogative relative pronouns who are masculine singular ( who came, but not who came or who came), and the pronoun that is neuter singular ( what happened).
Negative and indefinite pronouns formed from the pronouns who and what have the same characteristics as the pronouns who and what. The peculiarity of the indefinite pronouns someone and something is that someone has the form only I. p., and something- I. p. and V. p. A negative pronouns no one And nothing, on the contrary, do not have the form I. p.
Negative and indefinite pronouns with the prefixes not- and neither-, when used with prepositions, “miss” the preposition inside themselves: not with anyone, with anyone.
Grammatical features of pronouns-adjectives
Adjective pronouns include all possessives ( my, yours, yours, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs), all determinatives ( himself, most, all, every, every, any, other, different, every, every), demonstratives this, that, such, such, this, that, interrogative-relative which, which, whose and negative and indefinite formed from them ( none, no one's, some, some, some etc.).
Adjective pronouns have grammatical features similar to those of nominative adjectives: they have inconsistent signs of gender, number and case , in which they agree with the noun to which they refer, in a sentence they are a definition or (rarely) a nominal part of the predicate.
Possessive pronouns deserve special mention. his, her and theirs. Unlike the words my, yours, ours, yours, the pronouns his, her and theirs are unchangeable (cf.: his house, desk, window; his houses, desks, windows). Immutability is their constant feature.
Adjective pronouns such and such do not change by case and are used only as a predicate.
Grammatical features of numeral pronouns
Numeral pronouns are few in number. These are the words how many, so many and the pronouns formed from them several, how many, how many.
Like significant numbers, these words do not have morphological features gender and number, change by case and are combined with nouns in a special way: they control R. p. plural. the numbers of the noun in I. p. and V. p. and agree with the noun in indirect cases. These words are pronounced the same way:
I.p. how much
R. p. how many
D. p. how many
V.p. how much
etc. how many
P. p. how many.
The word at all is usually classified not as a pronoun, but as an adverb, since it is unchangeable.
Morphological analysis of pronouns
Pronouns are morphologically analyzed according to the following plan: I. Part of speech. General value. Initial form (i.p., singular). II. Morphological characteristics: 1. Constant features: a) rank by meaning, b) person (for personal pronouns), c) number (for pronounsme, you, you ) 2. Non-constant features: a) case, b) number (if any), c) gender (if any).III. Syntactic role
SAMPLE PARAGRAPH OF PRONOUNS
In the gallery, some distraught citizen discovered in his pocket a bundle, tied in a banking manner and with the inscription on the cover “One thousand rubles”... A few seconds later, the rain of money, getting thicker, reached the chairs, and the audience began to catch the pieces of paper (M. A. Bulgakov).
I. Some (what?) - pronoun, initial form some kind.
inconsistent signs: in husband. kind, units number, I. p.
III. Citizen (what kind?) of some kind (definition).
I. (At) yourself (at whom?) - pronoun, initial form of yourself (R. p.)
II. Constant signs: recurrent;
inconsistent signs: in R. p.
III. I discovered (where?) (circumstance).
I. Several (how many?) - pronoun, initial form several.
II. Permanent signs: indeterminate;
inconsistent signs: in V. p..
III. Reached (when?) in a few seconds (circumstance).
Determinative pronouns can be considered very interesting. In their form, they are similar to adjectives, sometimes they are called that way - adjective pronouns. But the essence of these words still places them in the group of pronouns. Let's figure out which words are included in the category, what feature unites them, and what rules they follow.
What do attributive pronouns say?
Sometimes we need to single out from many similar objects or concepts one thing that does not have any special characteristics. In this case, it is customary to use demonstrative pronouns, and in particular, “this”. But sometimes we are faced with the opposite situation - we need to generalize certain objects or select one from them, in which the qualities of the entire group are most clearly expressed. This is where attributive pronouns come to the rescue.
They answer the questions “which”, “which”, “which” and “which” and are represented by the following words - “any” and “every”, “any” and “all”, “most”, as well as “other” and "other". The attributive pronouns include the word “himself.”
How to decline attributive pronouns?
The declension rules for pronouns of this category are simple. Almost all of them change according to basic characteristics - numbers, genders, cases. For example, "all" in singular and “all” in the plural, “all” in the masculine and “all” in the feminine, “all” in the nominative and “all” in the genitive, “everything” in the dative, and so on.
The only exception is the word “everyone”. It cannot be declined by cases - it is transformed only by gender and number.
Groups by value
Determinative pronouns can be divided by meaning. Namely:
- Words indicating a collection of objects or the complete coverage of a certain set - “all”, “all”, “all”.
- Words that speak about any randomly taken object from a set of the same type are “every” and “every”.
- Words that highlight an object or objects that differ in their characteristics from other mentioned objects - “other” and “different”.
- Words that speak about one specific object from a set - “each”, “any”, “most”.
- And finally, the word “self” - it means a certain person or object that independently produces an action.
Let's give a few examples.
- All the trees were covered with green foliage.
- Everyone in this room knew what was going on.
- I like the other jacket.
- New Year's decorations appeared on every street.
- He did this work himself.
According to its meaning and grammatical features pronouns in Russian are divided into several categories: personal, reflexive, possessive, interrogative, relative, negative, indefinite, attributive and demonstrative.
Table “Dispositions of pronouns”
To correctly determine the category of pronouns, we will find out what meanings they have in speech and highlight their main grammatical features.
| Discharge | Examples | Syntax function |
|---|---|---|
| Personal | I, you, we, you, he, she, it, they | I went to the window. My phone rang. |
| Returnable | myself | Look at yourself in the mirror. Cats are capable of living on their own. |
| Possessives | my, yours, ours, yours, yours | I know your opinion. His face became sad. |
| Interrogative | Who? What? Which? what? which one? whose? how much? | Who's knocking on the door? At whose window are the pigeons sitting? How many apples are on the table? |
| Relative | who, what, which, which, which, whose, how many | I can’t understand what could have delayed them so much. This is the house within whose walls I spent my childhood. |
| Negative | no one, nothing, no one, nothing, nothing, nobody's, not at all | Nobody answered me. There is no one to ask about this now. There is no mistake here. |
| Undefined | someone, something, some, someone, how many, anything, someone, some, any, some, someone's, somebody's | Someone was singing a song. Someone's voice was heard in the yard. Mark the seedling with something. |
| Definitive | himself, most, everyone, any, everyone, whole, different, all, different | Another path lies ahead of us. Tomorrow everything will seem different. |
| Index fingers | this, that, such, such and such, such and such, so much, so much | There is a cafe behind that house. There was so much joy in her eyes! The essence of the issue is that it is better to solve it together. |
In the table we got acquainted with the categories of pronouns with examples of their use in the Russian language. We previously learned.
Personal pronouns “I”, “we”, “you”, “you”, “he”, “she”, “it”, “they” point to a person or object.
Pronouns "I", "we" refer to the first person; "you", "you"- to the second; "he", "she", "it"- to the third.
I climbed a tall pine tree and began to scream (K. Paustovsky).
We followed the elk trail (K. Paustovsky).
Do you remember, Alyosha, the roads of the Smolensk region? (K. Simonov)
Have you seen how a saffron milk cap walks under a pine roof in morocco boots? (A. Kovalenko)
At pronouns "he", "she", "it" determined by masculine, feminine and neuter gender.
He sang, and from every sound of his voice you smelled something familiar and vastly wide, as if the familiar steppe was opening up before you, going into an endless distance (I.S. Turgenev).
After Masha rummaged through her works, she settled on novels (A. Pushkin).
To the left, from the edge of the village, a field began; it was visible far to the horizon, and throughout the entire width of this field, flooded with moonlight, there was also neither movement nor sound (A. Chekhov).
Personal pronouns have a singular and plural category.
Let's compare:
- I, you - we, you;
- he, she, it - they.
However, we mean that pronouns "I" And "We" , "you" and "You" are not singular and plural forms of the same word. Pronouns "We" And "You" do not indicate "I'm a lot" or "you are a lot". They indicate the speaker or interlocutor along with other persons participating in a conversation or in a particular action.
All personal pronouns change by case. When they are declined in oblique cases, completely different words appear:
- I - me;
- you - you;
- she - her;
- they are theirs.
As soon as I touch mathematics, I will again forget everything in the world (S. Kovalevskaya).
Reflexive pronoun "myself" indicates the person being spoken about.
Will you look into yourself? There is no trace of the past there (M. Lermontov).
I erected a monument to myself, not made by hands (A. Pushkin).
This pronoun does not have a nominative case form, grammatical categories of person, gender, or number. It changes only by case:
- i.p. -
- r.p. myself
- d.p. to myself
- v.p. myself
- etc. yourself
- p.p. about myself
horse (im.p.) (whose?) his (r.p.).
The nightingale happened to fly to their noise (I.A. Krylov).
The noise (whose?) of them- inconsistent definition.
Possessive pronouns "his", "her", "their" do not change.
Words that nouns answer ( Who? What?), adjectives ( Which? whose? what? which one?) and numerals ( how much?) are interrogative pronouns.
Who's knocking at the gate? (S.Marshak).
What will I do for people? - Danko (M. Gorky) shouted louder than thunder.
Suddenly he turned to his mother: “Avdotya Vasilievna, how old is Petrusha?” (A. Pushkin).
“What don’t you understand?” - Pavel Vasilyevich asks Styopa (A. Chekhov).
What news did you receive yesterday?
What is the answer to my question?
Which math lesson will it be?
The same pronouns, only without a question, serve to connect simple sentences as part of a complex sentence and are called relative:
Look how many flat-bottomed scows lie on my shore (A. Kataev).
A hundred paces from me there was a dark grove, from which I just left (A. Chekhov).
He was not at all what Konstantin (L. Tolstoy) imagined him to be.
It was already getting dark, and Vasily could not understand who was coming (K. Paustovsky).
Often I wanted to guess what he was writing about (A. Pushkin).
I also thought about the person in whose hands my fate was (A. Pushkin).
Indefinite pronouns
Indicate unknown objects, signs and quantities:
“someone”, “something”, “some”, “several”, “someone”, “something”, “someone”, “anyone”, “anyone”, “someone” ”, “some”, “any”, “any”, “someone’s”, “someone’s”, “someone’s”, “how much”, “as much”.
Someone was playing the violin...the girl sang in a soft contralto voice, and laughter could be heard (M. Gorky).
It became scary, as if in this silence some danger was silently lurking for him (V. Kataev).
In the living room, something small fell from the table and broke (A. Chekhov).
You are unable to act from any motives (K. Fedin).
But, perhaps, he was right about something (M. Sholokhov).
Negative pronouns
Negative pronouns “nobody”, “nothing”, “no one”, “nothing”, “none”, “nobody”, “not at all” serve to deny the presence of some object, attribute or quantity or to strengthen the negative meaning of the entire sentence.
I don’t want to sadden you with anything (A. Pushkin).
Nobody really knew anything (K. Simonov).
Vladik stood silently, not bullying anyone and not answering anyone’s questions (A. Gaidar).
They are formed from interrogative (relative) pronouns using an unstressed prefix neither- or shock attachment Not-.
Pronouns “no one”, “nothing” do not have a nominative case.
They were silent because there was nothing to tell each other (I.A. Goncharov).
There is no one to ask when it is your own fault (proverb).
Pronouns “nobody”, “no one”, “nobody”, “no one”, “nothing” can be used with a preposition that comes after the prefix:
not from anyone, on anything, under no one, behind anyone, not from anyone, not because of anything, etc.
In nothing does the national character manifest itself so freely as in song and dance (A. Fadeev).
I don’t want to think about anything, interfere in anything (M. Prishvin).
An attempt to intercept Masha on the road did not lead to anything (A. Fadeev).
“that”, “this”, “such”, “such”, “so much” serve to highlight a certain object, feature, or quantity among others.
I would strictly forbid these gentlemen to approach the capitals for a shot! (A. Griboyedov).
All this would be funny if it weren’t so sad (M. Lermontov).
There are as many heads as there are minds (proverb).
In the dark, I climbed into such a windfall, from which it would be difficult to get out even during the day. However, I managed to get out of this labyrinth (V. Arsenyev).
Determinative pronouns - “all”, “everyone”, “himself”, “most”, “everyone”, “any”, “different”, “different”, “whole”.
Everyone who is young, give us your hands - join our ranks, friends! (L. Oshanin).
Every work of a master is praised (proverb).
Learn to control yourself; Not everyone will understand you like I do; inexperience leads to trouble (A. Pushkin).
To the right the entire village was visible, the long street stretched about five miles away (A. Chekhov).
These pronouns change in gender, number and case, like adjectives.
Video lesson on the Russian language for 6th grade students “Pronoun. Pronoun grades"
The lesson discusses attributive pronouns, their meaning, functions in speech, and features of use.
1. Pronouns included in the category
The attributive pronouns include all, everyone, himself, most, different, other, any, each, all And All.
2. Examples of using attributive pronouns
The barefoot man bowed, looked gloomily at everyone and walked out(A.I. Herzen).
Determinative pronoun in a sentence everyone. Initial form - All.
I would look from heaven to earth and rejoice at everything(A.N. Ostrovsky).
Everything All.
I'll tell you the whole truth(A.S. Griboyedov). All- attributive pronoun. Initial form - all(m.r., units, i.p.).
Anyone can see this if they go to this garden(M.A. Bulgakov).
In this sentence the attributive pronoun is any.
Yes, I thought so myself at first(A.I. Kuprin). Definitive pronoun herself. Initial form - myself.
The boy remembered that in his pocket were the very matches that his father gave him when he left for the city.(E.L. Schwartz). Definitive pronoun the most, and the initial form is most.
I was quenched differently,/I knew other thirsts,/But such a radiant dream/I dream only once(K.D. Balmont). In these sentences we are interested in the words others, others. These are attributive pronouns.
You can’t reason with them through other means: Their natures are rude(N.A. Nekrasov). In this case we consider the word others- attributive pronoun ( another).
3. The meaning of attributive pronouns
The function of attributive pronouns is to identify an object or objects among other objects.
4. Pronouns all, All And All
Pronoun all changes according to gender, number and cases and has the same forms as the adjective ( all, all, all, all, all, all etc.). This pronoun, like an adjective, agrees in gender, number and case with the noun on which it depends.
Pronouns All And All look like pronoun forms all, but differ from it in that in a sentence they are not a definition, but a subject or an object, that is, they replace nouns, not adjectives. Although their forms completely coincide with some forms of the pronoun all, they are separate words; in the Russian grammar dictionary we will find all three words: all, All And All.
Let's analyze the examples. Everyone arrived on time. What is the pronoun in this sentence: All? Or pronoun form all? Pronoun in a sentence All is the subject, repeats the characteristics of a noun, which means we have the pronoun ALL.
I'm glad to see everyone. Glad to see who? Everyone. We ask a noun question, which means we have a pronoun before us again All.
All things were in their places. Here's the word All depends on the word things, defines it. Things(which?) All, this is a definition, which means we have a form of a pronoun all.
I did everything right. Did(What?) All. This is an addition. So, before us is the pronoun All.
He drank all the milk. Pronoun here All depends on the word milk. What kind of milk? All. This means that this definition behaves like an adjective - a pronoun all.
It must be remembered that the pronoun all gender and number are inconsistent features; this pronoun changes according to gender, number and case. And for pronouns All And All gender and number are constant signs ( All- plural, and All- always units, cf. r.). They change only by case.
5. Pronouns myself And most
Let's look at the other two cognate pronouns: myself And most. Both of these pronouns change according to gender and number: most, most, most, most; himself, herself, herself, themselves. In addition, these pronouns are inflected. Moreover, the forms of indirect cases (all except the nominative) of pronouns myself And most very similar. They look the same, but differ in emphasis.
The same will happen with the feminine gender.
I.p. the very top, the sister herself
R. p. of the very top, the very sister
D.p. to the very top, to the very sister
V. p. the very top, the very, very sister
etc. the very top, the very sister
P. p. about the very top, about the very sister
References
- Russian language. 6th grade / Baranov M.T. and others - M.: Education, 2008.
- Babaytseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 grades - M.: Bustard, 2008.
- Russian language. 6th grade / Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. - M.: Bustard, 2010.
- About defining pronouns ().
- About the categories of pronouns ().
- Determinative pronouns. Presentation ().
Homework
Task No. 1
Decline pronouns himself, the most in the neuter gender.
Task No. 2
Fill in the blanks with pronouns myself, most in the right place grammatical form. Indicate sentences in which the pronoun most serves for education superlatives adjective
Working in the dacha was my grandmother's favorite thing. He received a gift from... the director. I... will dig up the beds. They had been friends since... childhood. There was a birch tree growing near the fence. Sasha can do this..., without outside help. The underwater world is perhaps... mysterious.
Task No. 3
Find the attributive pronoun in the text. Justify your choice by answering these questions. What attribute does the pronoun indicate and what question does it answer? How does it change? What word is it associated with?
All the attractiveness of the earth lies in the animals and flora. Both worlds have been studied by us almost perfectly, but contact with them always leaves a feeling of mystery. The dark thickets of forests and the depths of the seas are mysterious and therefore beautiful. The cry of a bird is mysterious, the crack of a tree bud bursting from the warmth. The mystery solved does not kill the excitement caused by the spectacle of the earth. The more we know, the stronger the desire to know(K. Paustovsky).
