Insulation wooden house from the inside is used much less frequently than insulation from the outside. The reasons for the unpopularity of internal insulation are the following: although insignificant, there is a reduction in the living space of the house; you can easily spoil the microclimate inside if the procedure is carried out ineptly, and this will entail unnecessary air humidity.
When insulating floors in wooden house It is necessary to provide an air gap of at least 50 millimeters between the insulation and the vapor barrier.
Nevertheless, if a decision is made, then the work must be carried out, observing the entire sequence of work and technology.
The procedure itself differs little from the thermal insulation of a wooden house from the street.
The reasons for the appearance of cold in a wooden house are considered to be:
- the appearance of gaps between the bars due to shrinkage, incorrect sealing, etc.;
- insufficient thickness of the heat insulator from the street;
- incorrect installation.
Varieties of modern materials that act as insulation
Scheme of insulation of wooden walls.
Types of insulation:
- basalt mineral wool, produced in sheets of various sizes or in rolls;
- glass wool - often serves as floor insulation;
- expanded polystyrene - universal insulation for all surfaces;
- isoplats - wood fiber or linen boards 12-25 mm thick for floors, walls and ceilings.
Isoplat – universal thermal insulation material for internal wall insulation. It is lightweight and reliable in laying slabs, which are inserted between the sheathing frame and secured with screws. Its slabs are covered with clapboard, painted or covered with wallpaper.
If polystyrene foam is chosen as insulation timber house from the inside, it is important to remember that in itself it is a self-sufficient waterproofing agent. There is no need to use other means of waterproofing walls together with expanded polystyrene. However, rodents love the material. Therefore, in order to avoid the appearance of mice in the house, it is preferable to insulate wooden walls from the inside with mineral wool or isoplate, and floorboards with glass wool or isoplate.
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The technology involves performing several operations
Insulation diagram inside a wooden house.
From inside:
- Preparing the wall surface.
- Caulking cracks.
- Formation of vapor barrier.
- Installation of lathing on load-bearing wall surfaces.
- Installation of insulation and work on its sealing.
- Creation of a ventilation system.
- Decorating the house inside.
Preparatory procedures
Before starting to insulate the house from the inside, the first step is to superficially clean the load-bearing walls from dust. Then the wood is carefully treated with an anti-insect emulsion liquid and another anti-insect liquid, which also makes the tree more resistant to burning.
It is important to pay attention to surface wiring and those that are hidden in special casings. The wiring is completely separated from the walls.
Caulking cracks
Scheme for insulating the foundation of a wooden house.
After cleaning and fire protection from the inside, they begin to caulk the cracks. If we talk about caulking a house made of timber in general, then in the future they will perform secondary caulking. Only it will be different in time for a house made of timber, in which no one lived, and for a house in which they began to live immediately after construction. In the first case, they wait 1 year, and in the second, they caulk the cracks after two to three years. This is explained by the unequal degree of shrinkage in these two cases.
The cracks are caulked using mainly jute fiber. Using a special thin chisel, fill the cracks with jute, if any. Sometimes the cracks are quite large. Then it is advisable to use tape tow, rolled into a small roller. The gap is filled both inside and outside with jute until the fiber can no longer fit. Small hanging or protruding pieces are left as is.
Formation of a vapor barrier
After all thermal insulation work wooden surface The inside of the house, made of beams, will be located between two layers of thermal insulation (internal and external). This will lead to an inevitable increase in humidity levels, creating a greenhouse effect, as the house will stop breathing.
Humidity can be removed only by creating forced ventilation. The main nuance here is to prevent dampness of the wood and its subsequent decay.
Scheme of floor structures in a wooden house.
To prevent this, a hydro- and vapor barrier film is attached to the entire surface of the insulated wall before installing the heat insulator. The corrugated side of the film is placed against the surface of the beams. This placement of the film coating will protect the wood from moisture and allow the wood to breathe somewhat, removing excess moisture.
Installation of lathing on load-bearing wall surfaces
Lathing, the purpose of which is to hold mineral wool, made from wooden blocks. The lathing is made from metal profiles only if they plan to cover it with GKLV grade plasterboard, where “B” means “moisture resistant”.
To form correct and even corners, corner posts are knocked together in advance. Measure the height of the room and cut it wooden blocks(100x50 mm section).
After this, a block of the same length is cut, but with a cross-section of 50x50 mm. The latter is attached to the edge of a 50x100 mm beam using self-tapping screws so as to form a stand in the shape of the letter “L”. One stand is made for each corner of the room. They are fixed directly in the corner using self-tapping screws. The vertical position is controlled using a level.
After fixing the racks at the corners to the surface of the wall located between them, vertical bars with a cross section of 50x50 mm are mounted in increments of 50-60 cm. All bars are treated with a liquid that protects against rotting and burning.
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Installation of insulation and sealing work
Scheme for insulating a subfloor in a wooden house.
Having installed the sheathing, they begin to lay mineral wool. To begin with, the roll is unrolled and a strip of mineral wool is cut to height. The width of the strip should be 2 cm greater than the vertical gap between the bars.
Then a piece of mineral wool is placed between the bars, fixed to the wall surface using anchors with large round caps. This type of work requires the presence of a partner who will help hold or secure the cotton wool.
After filling the space between the battens with mineral wool in one layer, a second layer of insulation is attached on top of the bars. A layer of hydrofilm is attached to the cotton wool, applied with corrugation to the insulation. In addition to the function of protecting against moisture, the film will serve another purpose here - to prevent small particles of mineral wool from entering the space of a wooden house.
Creation of a ventilation system
As mentioned above, after work on the internal insulation of a log house, the humidity inside it will increase significantly.
Scheme of vapor barrier for the walls of a wooden house.
To ensure a normal microclimate, forced ventilation must be provided in all rooms.
It is unacceptable to install direct hoods outside. It is necessary to create an air duct system connected in one chain. Any axial fan of medium and even low power can act as a supercharger. In winter it will be enough to turn on homemade device ventilation for half an hour a day to create optimal humidity in the premises.
Wall decoration
After attaching the second layer vapor barrier film They are starting to finish the walls. The film is pinned to the bars using a stapler and staples, which will make it possible to attach 30x40 mm slats to the film over the staples. Such slats are commercially available.
Having mounted such a block, sheathing is carried out on it wooden clapboard with a pronounced texture. Insulating the house and then covering it with clapboard will allow you not to lose the original appearance of the wooden interior. Instead of lining, you can install a plank horizontally, which will also be quite a good decision, since this material looks like a small beam.
Our region is characterized by a long cold season. That is why the comfort of living in them largely depends on the quality of heating of the house. However, the cost of service heating devices is constantly increasing, and people are looking for options for preserving accumulated heat maximum quantity time. That is why many people insulate the walls of wooden houses not only from the outside, but also from the inside. Today we will tell you about doing such work with your own hands.
Advantages and features of insulating a wooden house from the inside
Insulating a wooden house is quite hard work that requires certain skills, time and effort. Therefore, before starting such work, you need to carefully weigh the pros and cons.
Previously, the walls of a wooden house were not insulated; a comfortable temperature in the house was ensured wood stoves. However, due to the low efficiency of such devices, fuel had to be added constantly. Thus, in addition to causing significant damage environment, people risked burning down their house.
Among the disadvantages of insulating a house from the inside, professional craftsmen, first of all, highlight an increase in the level of exposure to moisture on wood, as well as a shift in the dew point inside the wooden beams. However, this problem can be neutralized with the help of moisture protective agents.
Why is it considered better to insulate the walls inside the house:
- By insulating your home not from the outside, but from the inside, you can preserve its original wooden facade of your home. The interior will not be damaged, since the insulation layer will be hidden behind the front trim.
- Unlike external insulation of walls, internal insulation can be carried out without the help of high-rise installation professionals. A tall goat and your patience will be enough here.
- If the vapor barrier layer is made of a film with low permeability, then when installed outside it can disrupt the microclimate of the wood and cause it to become wet.
Thus, insulation wooden building from within there are advantages and disadvantages. After reviewing them, you will be able to determine the relevance of this repair in your case.
How to insulate the walls of a wooden house from the inside
How to insulate the walls of a home from the inside is a question that concerns many owners of country houses. For this you can use the most different materials. It is important to choose such insulation so that it is safe for health and suits your price and quality.
Exists interesting way insulation of wooden walls inside the house. With him, tow, twine, special composition or glue are applied between the seams of the beams. This option is used when front finishing is not expected in the house.
There is a large amount of insulation suitable for wall finishing. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the most popular options. And decide on their pros and cons.
Insulation for walls:
- Mineral wool is the most environmentally friendly and safe option for insulating a house from the inside. However, this method also has disadvantages, these include: the impossibility of insulating the house without erecting a sheathing and good moisture-absorbing ability.
- Polystyrene foam is also used as insulation due to its low thermal conductivity and low price. However, such insulation can emit substances hazardous to health and simply burns beautifully.
- Polyurethane foam is relatively new way. To use it you need special equipment and professional help.
To insulate the walls of a house, these options are most often chosen. Each of them is attractive in its own way. However, it is best to choose mineral wool.
Before insulating your home from the inside, we suggest looking at a few tips that will allow you to do this in the most efficient way. These instructions are based on the experience of professional craftsmen.
A wooden house cannot be insulated in the first year after its construction. This time is enough for the building to settle and take on a constant size.
Wall insulation has some nuances. You will have to spend a little time studying them, but as a reward you will receive a high-quality insulated building.
Tips for insulating your home with your own hands:
- The walls of a wooden structure, insulated on both sides, can rot and become damp. A well-designed ventilation system will help prevent this problem.
- Even if it seems to you that the wall is freezing in only one place, you still need to insulate all the walls in the house at once.
- The places behind the batteries must be insulated with foil material. This will ensure the flow more heat into the room.
- You need to leave some space between the insulation and the wall. This way, the thermal insulation of the walls will not affect their humidity.
- Before starting insulation work, treat the walls with a moisture-repellent compound. This way you can avoid side effects internal insulation.
The walls of a building must be insulated from the inside correctly. Otherwise, you will not only be unable to maintain heat, but will also cause it to be lost more quickly.
Insulation of wooden walls from the inside
Insulation of a building made of wood occurs in several stages. The progress of work with different insulation will look different. Since on at the moment The most common insulation material is mineral wool; we will tell you how to insulate the walls of a house with your own hands.
Stages of insulating the walls of a house with your own hands:
- The first step is to clean the wooden walls from dirt. The old finishing layer, if any, is removed. A bare and clean wall is treated with antiseptics.
- Next you need to caulk the walls. If this is a new house, then caulking occurs a year after construction; if it was lived in, then after three. Caulking involves pushing material, such as jute, into the cracks between the logs. The work is done using a thin chisel.
- Moisture insulation is being installed. To do this, take a vapor barrier sheet and apply it with the rough side to the logs, after which it is nailed down with a construction stapler. The joints between sections of such fabric should overlap by 15 cm and should not be taped.
- Now it's time to do the sheathing. To do this, you need to take a wooden beam 5X5 cm, and make a lath out of it, arranging the elements in increments of 50-60 centimeters.
- Layers of mineral wool are inserted into the resulting lathing. They are attached using a construction stapler. After installing mineral wool, it must be covered with a layer of waterproofing material.
- At the last stage, the structure is covered with plasterboard. After this, the front finishing occurs.
The same principle applies to warming the year. Of course, we have presented a brief scheme for insulating a house, but in principle, all the necessary steps can be completed using it.
Despite the development modern technologies in construction, wooden houses are still often found in holiday villages, villages and villages. At the same time, one of the main issues when building such a house is proper organization of wall insulation.
Made with high quality, using the best materials, in accordance with regulations, thermal insulation helps to preserve optimal temperature in the house in the summer, and with the onset of the long, harsh Russian winter.
As is known wood is extremely susceptible to mold development and the service life of a wooden structure directly depends on the degree of preservation of the structural elements. With the onset of winter and the first frosts, the heating season begins.
We strive to provide a comfortable temperature inside the room, and meanwhile the logs and wooden beams from which the walls are made are subjected to the real test. Warm on one side, they come into contact with cold outside air on the other., and the result of this is a constantly formed, condensation that is harmful to wood.
The main goals of thermal insulation are to reduce heat loss in winter and maintain important elements in good condition.
Conventionally, wall insulation can be divided into two types:
- walls of a wooden house;
- insulation of house walls.
There are many skeptics who condemn this or that method, but each of them has its own pros and cons. The choice of a certain insulation method is due to a number of reasons and factors, but with strict adherence to technology and proper execution of work, selection of appropriate materials, any of them turns out to be effective.
The main difference between these two methods of insulation is essentially that on which side of the load-bearing walls of a wooden house will the insulation be carried out?, and, as a result, how effective it will be in terms of heat conservation and benefits for the entire structure.
Owners and owners resort to insulation from the inside wooden houses, who do not want to close unique ones, beautiful facades buildings made in original ways masonry or facades of architectural value. Such insulation will not be noticeable from the outside, and the appearance of the building will not change.
External insulation
The goal of external insulation is maximum efficiency.. It involves the creation of an insulating structure on the outside of load-bearing wooden walls and is more aimed at extending the life of the building, preserving all its important elements made of wood, protecting them from the destructive forces of nature and surrounding weather conditions.
External wall insulation remains quite common, often used in construction and renovation. And this is confirmed by a number of advantages:
- all temperature fluctuations, all the vagaries of the weather are taken over by a layer of insulation and finishing, respectively service life wooden elements home increases significantly;
- the opportunity to insulate a long-built house. Often such houses are purchased ready-made in holiday villages along with plots, and it can be financially difficult to immediately rebuild a new house.;
- the interior of the house remains untouched, which is convenient from the point of view of living and organizing everyday life;
- opportunity to choose new look Houses due to the finishing
Pie wall
In other words - composition and order of all insulation elements. When insulating a wooden house from the inside, the so-called “pie” can be represented as follows:
- load-bearing wall;
- sheathing;
- insulation - mineral wool;
- vapor barrier film;
- finishing layer.
wall pie
Which insulation to choose?
When choosing insulation for the walls of a house, first of all should be addressed 
attention to the ability of the material to pass steam and air while retaining heat.
The severity of the climate of the region of residence should also be taken into account.
Insulation materials include:
- interventional insulation materials used during the construction stage;
- and insulation materials used for insulation from the outside or inside.
Inter-crown insulation is used in laying inter-crown joints. Such insulation can be synthetic or natural (from jute, moss, flax, hemp). The main property of these materials is low thermal conductivity and the ability to accumulate and release the resulting moisture. The most common today are insulation made from flax and jute fiber.
Basalt (mineral) wool is widely used to insulate walls from the outside or inside., or fiberglass wool in the form of rolls or mats, with a density of 80-120 kg/m3. In addition, it is an environmentally friendly material.
It is not recommended to use polystyrene foam or penoplex as an element of the pie., since these materials are vapor- and moisture-proof and prevent air exchange between the house and the outside environment.
The following materials may be suitable for insulation:
Mineral wool is the best insulation option
Sealing seams and joints of forming elements
This method is internal insulation walls, aimed at sealing joints and cracks in logs. In this case, various sealants are used (silicone, latex, acrylic, linen rope, tow). This method is convenient because it can be easily done with your own hands and does not require special skills, it does not interfere with the release of steam and is the most economically profitable.
Technically it is carried out as follows:
- the edges of joints and cracks are cleaned,
- cavities are filled with rope, foam rubber;
- a layer of sealant is applied on top;
- the sealant is smoothed with a brush until a smooth surface is formed;
- Remains of sealant are removed with a rag.
Sealing with sealant
Sealing seams with fabric
Sheathing preparation and installation
When installing the sheathing, you should rely on the thickness of the insulation. The thickness of the bars will be chosen the same. Most often the timber is chosen 10-50 mm thick and 100 mm wide.
Install the sheathing transversely to the laying of logs with a step between the bars equal to the width of the heat-insulating mats with minus 3 centimeters for a tight fit. The height of the sheathing is individual for individual rooms.
Parallel to the laying of logs, the sheathing is also installed in the same way (the so-called “counter-lattice”). To install the sheathing, you should choose quality material without traces of rotting. Before installation, all wooden parts and surfaces should be treated with an antiseptic.
PLEASE NOTE!
Do not use thin boards for lathing, since it simultaneously serves as a place for attaching finishing coatings.
Lathing
Do-it-yourself insulation of walls from the inside of a wooden house
Insulation of walls inside a wooden house using mineral wool. When using this method, glass wool, slag fiber, or mineral fiber mats are used.
This material is the most effective in terms of thermal insulation and sound insulation, and is environmentally friendly. However, due to its structure, mineral wool allows steam to pass through and is capable of storing water.
For this reason, when using it in insulation, layers of hydro- and vapor insulation must be used.
Mineral wool is available to customers in the form of rolls and mats. When insulating, it is most convenient to use mats by simply inserting them between the profiles of the sheathing made. In this case, the gaps between the mats should be no more than 2 mm. Such gaps are subsequently sealed with adhesive tape - preferably foil, or plumber's tape.
Step-by-step installation:
- the required number of mineral wool mats is prepared, based on calculations of the square footage of the walls of the premises;
- mineral wool is tightly inserted between the sheathing beams;
- the top mats are trimmed to height;
- Gaps and seams between mats are taped with mounting tape.
Some builders use foam plastic when insulating walls indoors. However, the main criterion for choosing in its favor is its low cost. From the point of view of efficiency, polystyrene foam does not have the ability to transmit steam, and the result of its use in the absence proper organization vapor and hydro insulation, will become the so-called “ greenhouse effect "and the inevitable development of mold in rooms with such walls.
Laying mineral wool
Installation of insulation
Vapor barrier and waterproofing of walls
Insulation of wooden houses begins with waterproofing. This is the closest to load-bearing walls a layer of special film, the main task of which is to ensure air circulation and protection of the insulation layer from getting wet and freezing, preventing its destruction and preserving the tree from the development of mold bacteria.
Waterproofing is one of the the most important moments in wall insulation.
Waterproofing membrane
In the process of work, anti-condensation membranes, diffuse breathable films, polymer multilayer films, and vapor barrier membranes are used. When waterproofing, it is important to maintain complete tightness. To do this, the film is overlapped and nailed down using a stapler and staples, and the seams are taped with mounting tape.
Vapor barrier is a finishing coating that is laid on top of mineral wool and serves to protect against the penetration of water vapor into the insulation structure.
The fastening is similar to the installation of waterproofing.
Vapor barrier
Conclusion
Thus, responsibly organized insulation of the walls of a log house can play a big role in the long and reliable operation of a wooden house. It will help reduce heat loss and also protect the load-bearing elements of the structure from all kinds of weather conditions.
However, the preparation of such an event should be approached responsibly. The service life of your home depends on how well it is carried out.
Useful video
Tips for insulating a wooden house from the inside:
This type of work, such as insulating the walls of a wooden house from the inside, is carried out for various reasons: when certain factors do not allow the house to be insulated from the outside, the building has a complex structure, the owner wants to leave the wood exposed so that one can admire its natural appearance. And in such a situation, the issue of materials is resolved taking into account the requirements that the internal structure of the premises must satisfy.
Most often, few owners decide to insulate their houses from the inside for the reason that this step leads to a reduction in the living space of the room. Also, not everyone has sufficient skills in this matter, which is why they do not want to take risks, since in case of an error it could disrupt the microclimate in the house.
However, there are situations when insulating a house from the inside cannot be avoided. Then the owner must make every effort so that this work is done very efficiently. And to do this, he will have to solve many issues, including understanding how to insulate a wooden house from the inside. It is worth noting that in terms of device technology and installation, such a procedure is almost similar to external insulation.
In many wooden houses, heat often does not last long. The following factors can be considered favorable to this:
- the installation of thermal insulation was carried out in violation of the requirements or the wrong material was used;
- Gaps appeared between the beams, which was caused by non-compliance with the rules of laying, drying, etc.
To understand how to insulate a house from the inside, you need to know the sequence in which individual operations are performed. Here it is necessary observe the following order:
Preparatory stage
Before you start insulating walls, you should make sure you have necessary materials and tools:
- emulsion against insects and fungi;
- jute fiber;
- timber 10.0x5.0 cm, 5.0x5.0 cm;
- thermal insulation (mineral fiber);
- lining;
- saw;
- building level;
- roulette;
- construction stapler;
- chisel.
However, at the very beginning you need to pay attention to the surface of the walls, removing dirt and dust from it. After this, the cleaned surface is coated with a special emulsion, which will help prevent the appearance of insects. It is also treated with a compound that provides protection against rotting.
When insulating the inside of a wooden house, you need do the internal wiring as well. It is often located on the surface, although it can be buried in decorative casings. In this case, all you need to do is separate it from the wall.
After completing the work of cleaning and treating the walls, it is time to caulk the cracks. If you have to deal with timber house, in which no one lived, then due to shrinkage it is carried out again after a year. If we are talking about a wooden house that began to be used immediately after construction, the next caulking should be done after 2-3 years.
The most common material used to caulk cracks is jute fiber. With this material you need to eliminate the existing cracks using a wide chisel. It is possible that during the inspection of the walls large gaps will be discovered. In such situations, it makes sense to use tape tow, which is sold in the form of rollers.
Regardless of what starting point was chosen for caulking the walls, all cracks must be sealed completely - meaning that there should be no free space for a new portion of fiber. Don't worry about the jute sticking out in certain places. There is no need to change anything here.
Installation of vapor barrier
To ensure high-quality insulation of a wooden house from the inside, you should keep in mind that wooden walls will located between heat insulators. The logical consequence of this procedure will be an increase in humidity inside the house, due to which it will lose its breathability, creating a thermos effect.
The problem of high humidity can only be solved by creating forced ventilation. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that there is no dampness, otherwise this will lead to rotting of the walls.
To avoid dampness in the house, it is necessary to install a vapor barrier film before installing the heat insulation. It must be positioned in such a way that the rough side is directed towards the surface of the beam. In this case, the tree will not be afraid of humid air; the walls will still breathe, regulating the level of humidity in the house.
Lathing and its installation on load-bearing walls
The main purpose of the lathing is in mineral fiber retention. The material for it is usually a wooden beam.
Sometimes it is allowed to use a metal profile for it, provided that the interior cladding of the walls will be done using plasterboard.
In ordinary situations wooden walls retain their original appearance. Finishing work is carried out using lining or plank.
So that the angles have correct form, you should make corner posts before starting work. After the height of the room has been determined, they begin to create a blank from the timber - after cutting it should have a cross-section of 5.0 × 10.0 cm.
Next, you need to measure its length and, based on the results obtained, saw off another similar block, which should have a cross section of 5.0×5.0 cm. A thin block must be fixed to the edge of a 5.0×10.0 cm beam, using self-tapping screws as fasteners. As a result, the design should look like a rack made in the shape of the letter “L”.
There should be four such racks in total - one for each corner of the room. Their installation is carried out in the corner using self-tapping screws. To make sure that verticality is maintained everywhere, use a level or self-tapping screw.
Next, 5.0x5.0 cm bars are installed between them at a distance of 50-60 cm from each other. Even before you start insulating the house from the inside, the prepared wood should be protected from rotting and burning by applying a special composition to it.
After the sheathing is ready, it’s time for laying mineral wool. The roll needs to be unrolled, after which the strip of material is divided into parts according to height. It is important that the strip of mineral wool exceeds in width the distance at which the vertical bars are removed from each other, by approximately 1-2 cm.
The prepared strip must be inserted between the bars, and for fixation to the wall, anchors with large round caps are used. It is advisable to carry out this work with an assistant: one will hold the cotton wool, and the other will fasten it.
When the insulator is laid and securely fixed between the sheathing elements, an additional layer of film should be placed on top of the wool, which will improve the quality of thermal insulation. The technology for attaching it is completely similar to the previous case: it must be positioned in such a way that the rough side faces the cotton wool. Useful properties This film is not limited to vapor and waterproofing. It also prevents the penetration of small particles of mineral fiber into the air.
How to make a ventilation system correctly
I would like to repeat once again that the inevitable result of proper insulation of a house from the inside is an increase in air humidity. In order to maintain a favorable microclimate in each room, care should be taken to create ventilation.
The use of direct external hoods should be avoided. It is best if all the air ducts are combined into a single chain through the attic. For air injection it is allowed to use any axial fan, capable of providing low to medium power.
To keep the humidity in the room at an acceptable level, it is enough to run the fan for 20-30 minutes daily.
After laying the second layer of vapor barrier film, it is time to interior decoration walls Installation of the film is carried out to the bars, for which a construction stapler is used. Using such a device, it is enough to simply fix a beam with a cross-section of 3.0×4.0 cm on the film. Typically, beams of this size are offered in any hardware store.
Subsequently, a lining with a clearly defined structure is attached to the beam. This is what completes the insulation of the house from the inside. Its use will help preserve the original appearance of the interior.
It is also allowed to carry out finishing work and using planken. Its installation is carried out horizontally. This material itself looks like medium sized timber.
What material can be used to insulate walls?
Despite the fact that many materials are available today for wall insulation, most often owners use the following for this purpose: plaster and polystyrene foam.
Insulating a house with plaster
Among all the methods by which you can insulate a house from the inside, plaster seems to be the most preferable in terms of ease of implementation. First, the walls are prepared for work, for which the surface must be cleaned of old plaster. To increase the adhesive properties of the solution, you need to fasten the fabric to the walls. It can also solve the problem of insulation, although if necessary, you can use special material, say, metal profile.
First, the walls should be sprayed. This is the name of a special solution used to eliminate cracks, which gives the wall a more even and smooth appearance. When applying the layer, it is important to maintain the thickness, which should not be more than 9 mm. Subsequently, new layers will be applied to it.
After this, they begin to create a primer layer. If you want to insulate your walls according to all the rules, then this must be done. Please note that its thickness should not exceed 30 mm. This layer is necessary to level the surface of the walls. Lastly, the abscess is applied. When applying this layer, remember that its thickness should not exceed 4 mm. To create this solution, fine sand is used, which must be sifted in advance.
Insulation from the inside with foam plastic
Many owners often decide to insulate the walls of their home using a material such as polystyrene foam. Before you start working, please the slabs should be prepared. It is important that they have a certain density and rigidity.
There are people who think that granulated polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam are the same thing. This is a misconception. It is not recommended to insulate walls using this material, since it tends to crumble. It also has a number of other disadvantages - moisture permeability and low rigidity.
But polystyrene foam is free from these disadvantages. Due to the fact that it is highly resistant to moisture and has low thermal conductivity, experts recommend using this material to insulate wooden walls.
At the same time, this material does not cope well with the effects of temperature fluctuations. For this reason, before insulating walls, you should protect foam from fire. You should also pay attention to the walls, which are cleaned of dirt and dust.
Before insulating the walls, it is necessary to remove all irregularities. The need for this is due to the fact that if there is a flat surface, it will be possible to ensure a tight fit of the insulator to the surface. During insulation, you should pay great attention to cracks and gaps. If they are not eliminated and the walls begin to be insulated, they will subsequently lead to heat loss and drafts. An adhesive composition is applied to the surface of the walls. The slabs will be mounted to it.
Having completed all the above operations, you can proceed to installing the foam on the wall. To avoid having to insulate the walls again, you should wait the time required for the slabs to set to the surface. In order to increase the reliability of fastening, it is allowed to strengthen it using plastic dowels with wide hats. If this is not done and you continue to insulate the walls, then in the future this will lead to displacement of the slabs, and deflections will occur at the attachment points, which in a negative way will affect the quality of insulation.
After laying the foam plastic, they proceed to creating protective coating. Putty is most suitable for this purpose, since it will be much easier to insulate the walls. Already on the foam itself, a reinforced mesh based on fiberglass is installed, which is covered with putty in two layers. When completing the insulation of the walls, they are covered with plaster, paint, or drywall is installed.
If this is possible, polystyrene foam can be replaced with extruded polystyrene foam. Its important advantage is the ability to save living space, which is associated with its small thickness.
Wood has been used in construction since ancient times. This material is valued for its availability and thermal conductivity properties. A house made of timber requires proper care, then it will always be comfortable. Many have noticed that two or three years after construction the house becomes noticeably colder. This is due to the fact that all the walls of the building are in constant motion.
The position of the beams changes slightly and gaps appear along the seams, even correctly installed windows Over time, drafts begin to pass through. Construction flaws can also manifest themselves. In fact, it is not difficult to correct all these reasons even with your own hands. If you don't want to spoil appearance at home, we will tell you how to insulate log house from the inside.
Why is it cold inside a wooden house:
- Walls. Small gaps in the seams of a wooden house are the most common reason for the lack of heat in the premises.
- Windows and doors. Eternal sources of drafts and heat losses in any home.
- Ceiling. From the physics course it is known that warm air rises up. If the upper part of a timber house is not insulated enough, the heat simply escapes outside.
- First floor floor. In any house he has large area. Cold from the ground can greatly cool the air in your home.
Let's consider in order what you can do with your own hands for each of these reasons.
First, the walls of the house need to be caulked. For this, a special tool is used - a caulk. If it is not there, use a hard spatula or a wide screwdriver. Tow, hemp, felt or jute rope are used as insulation. It’s not difficult to do this with your own hands, the main thing is to follow the sequence of actions correctly.
You need to start caulking from the bottom seam around the entire perimeter of the house, only then move on to the next one.
The insulation needs to be hammered into the cracks of the timber as tightly and deeply as possible. You need to understand that after finishing the work, the ceiling height will increase by several centimeters. Therefore, if you caulk each part of the house separately, one of the walls may collapse - the timber will simply jump out of the groove. Another way is to apply acrylic or silicone sealant at the joint of the timber.
If you are not satisfied with the achieved result, experts advise additional insulation of the walls with thermal insulation. To do this, a guide beam is mounted vertically on the wall; its height should be equal to the thickness of the insulating material. The entire surface is covered with a layer of waterproofing. Insulation is placed tightly between the guides, without gaps. Any sheet material is suitable for this purpose. After this, all that remains is to do the decorative wall covering.
Windows and doors - how to get rid of the cold
Two main causes of cold from entrance doors and windows - drafts and insufficient thermal insulation. Very often the cold from openings is confused with drafts. To determine the cause of a heat leak, you just need to make sure whether the doors and windows are actually blowing or not. To do this, you need to hold a burning lighter at a short distance along the perimeter of the frame and sashes.
If a draft comes from the sashes, you need to seal all the joints. To do this, it will be enough to glue the silicone seal with your own hands. You can also use foam rubber, but it has a short service life. You can also seal the windows with construction tape for the winter.
If there is a leak around the perimeter of the frame, you need to remove the trim and window sill to get to the opening between the wall and the frame. Then the opening is covered with waterproofing and insulated. Any material can be used as thermal insulation roll insulation or polyurethane foam. The top of the insulation must be covered with aluminum or reinforced tape, after which the platbands are put in place.
If there is a cold draft from the door, but there is no draft, you need to check the thermal insulation of the door. To do this, experts advise simply tapping on the canvas. The structure, which is hollow from the inside, will have to be changed. A single-glazed window may freeze during the cold season. In this case, you will have to install new windows.
Insulation of the roof and ceiling of a wooden house
Many people do not consider heat loss through the roof and ceiling to be significant. In fact, there are often gaps there through which timber house It just heats the street. Also, the roof surface can heat up due to poor thermal insulation of the ceiling. By getting rid of these losses, you can save up to 60% of heating costs.
Before you begin to insulate the upper part of a wooden house, you should seal the entire seam of the upper beam of the wall and the roof structure.
If the attic in the house is uninhabited, insulating the ceiling with your own hands is very simple. To do this, a layer of thermal insulation of about forty centimeters is laid there. You need to understand that the insulation for the ceiling should be light. Typically, sawdust, polystyrene foam, mineral wool and other lightweight materials are used for this purpose.
If the ceiling is a roof vault, insulation is a little more complicated. To begin with, the entire surface of the roof from the inside needs to be covered with a layer of waterproofing so that moisture does not get on the insulation. Thermal insulation of the roof is done in two ways:
- Sheet insulation is laid tightly to each other. At the same time, you need to pay attention special attention the absence of gaps between the sheets, because between them the heat will still escape out.
- Sheet insulation is laid overlapping from top to bottom. This is done for additional protection from moisture, it will simply flow down the thermal insulation sheets.
After this, all that remains is to refine the surface with decorative cladding. Lining is perfect for this purpose.
Solving the cold floor problem
Heating a home will not work efficiently if the floors in the house are cold. They cool the room and prevent the air from warming up.
It is very easy to insulate a wooden floor; to do this, you need to remove the floor covering. In order not to confuse the order in which the boards were laid, it is better to mark them in advance. This will save a lot of time during assembly. Then the entire surface between the joists is covered with waterproofing so that the insulation does not absorb moisture from the soil.
Thermal insulation material is laid on it in such a way that there are no slightest cracks across the entire surface of the floor. Any insulation that is not afraid of moisture can be used. You need to lay another layer of waterproofing on top, because when cleaning the premises, water can get in there and accumulate inside. After this, the floor boards will need to be laid in the reverse order.
Cement floors are insulated in two ways. If the height of the premises allows, logs from wooden beam. Insulation is laid between them, which is covered with waterproofing on top. Then the floor is covered with boards.
If the ceiling height does not allow you to raise the floor level, you need to remove cement screed and remove the floor backfill by about half a meter. After this, the pit is waterproofed and insulation is filled in. Expanded clay is usually used for this. A layer of polystyrene foam or other dense material is placed on top of it. A new screed is made on top.
