Division in English verbs into regular and irregular are purely conditional, so there is no meaningful method for distinguishing them. This can only be done with the help of a dictionary, and the forms of irregular verbs will have to be memorized.

For example:

verb correct, This means that in the formula we add -ed;

verb wrong, This means that in the formula, in place of the semantic verb, we put the third form;

the verb is irregular, but the second and third forms are the same (more about the second form below).

Sometimes all three forms can be the same:

This is how we work when translating from Russian into English, i.e. when we ourselves are looking for the desired form. If we translate from English, then the formulas will already contain the second or third forms, and not the Infinitive. In this case, we will not immediately find the translation of the word in the dictionary, since the translation is given only for the first (indefinite) form. But we will get a hint. It looks like this:

1) ....[..] past from.... – the word past in such a dictionary entry means that we have before us the second form of such and such a verb:

• gave past from give – the translation should be found in the article give 2) ....[...] r.r. from.... – designation of r.r. corresponds to the third form of an irregular verb:
• given r.r. from give – look for translation in the article give

Usually at the end of English-Russian dictionaries there is a table of irregular (non-standard) verbs.

Only the very first formula out of seven consists of one verb (which, by the way, makes it very easy and quick to distinguish it from all the others), the rest - of two or three. In such formulas, verbs are divided into semantic (come last) and auxiliary (come before the semantic).

The semantic verb is taken each time from the dictionary and strictly takes on the form given to it according to the formula: ~~~~~~ing;

~~~~~~ed / 3rd form.

The auxiliary verb, which occupies the first place in the formula (to be or to have), constantly changes its form, thus showing the required tense.

The second auxiliary verb (in those formulas where it is: been / being) does not change in any way and serves only to make this formula different from others.

Remember:

• all formulas are indivisible, i.e. It is impossible to discard a single detail from them except the particle to; we must perceive them as one Russian word;
• You cannot enter any additional details into the formula; each formula already has its own finished form;
• any structural change in the formula either leads to its disintegration (if something is thrown away), or to some new formation (if something is added), which makes it equally incomprehensible;
• Each formula already contains some signs of the situations being described, and we must understand them, as native English speakers do.

For example:

• to be ~~~~~~ing

Active Continuous - the action is performed by the subject and is long in nature. By changing the form of the first auxiliary verb (be), we get the time in which this action was performed, is being performed, or will be performed. So with each formula. Now let's remember our example again:

• Mom is sleeping now.

Let's try to translate this sentence into English.

We perform all actions in a strictly defined sequence:

1. Using the rule of word order in an English sentence, we put the subject Mother first (we take it from the dictionary or head).
2. The predicate should be in second place in the sentence. Here you need to think about what formula and how to put it correctly in a sentence. In almost any case, the ability to correctly transfer a picture of the described situation from Russian to English depends precisely on the predicate - we must always remember this.

We begin the analysis using the table:

• Active or Passive? – Active 1, 2, 3, 4 – ? – 2 (Continuous)

After the second step, we find the formula needed specifically for our situation and fix it:

• to be + ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ing

We find the semantic verb in the dictionary / head: sleep (slept) is an irregular verb, but for this formula this does not matter, since here we must add -ing to any verb. We insert the semantic verb into the formula:

• to be sleeping

But the resulting formula is still in the Infinitive form, not indicating any time.

And we need to show that the action is happening at the present moment, i.e. Mom is sleeping (and has not slept or will sleep) – Present. A pause in work - we don’t know how to mark time.

How to put the found formula in the appropriate time for the situation being described

We already said a little higher that the time it takes to perform an action depends on the form of the first auxiliary verb (in some formulas – to be, in others – to have). This means that the first auxiliary verb must somehow change to show the correct tense. How? Here we will again make a small digression and turn to the Russian language. In Russian sentences, all verbs change their form depending on three features:

• time (asked, please, will ask);
• face (I ask, you ask, he asks);
• number (I ask, we ask).

IN English sentences These three signs are also present, but only the first auxiliary verbs change according to them, the same to be and to have.

Here you can take a lesson on the topic: Simple past tense in English. Correct and irregular verbs. Past Simple. Regular and Irregular verbs.

In this lesson we will get acquainted with regular and irregular verbs in English and how to use them in sentences simple past tense. It is these verbs that in most cases are part of the past tense.

To express thoughts in the past, the British often resort to verbs was and were. Well, what if the main action is expressed by another verb, for example, swim, or play? In such cases, knowledge of right and wrong is required English verbs. We will look at each category of verbs separately:

Regular verbs Regular verbs are a special group of English verbs that easily form the past tense by adding the suffix -ed to the infinitive (the regular form of the verb). Here are some examples of such verbs:

talk - talked (talk - spoke)
jump - jumped (jump - jumped)
check - checked (check - checked)
look - looked (look - looked)
stay - stayed (stop - stopped)
ask - asked (ask - asked)
show -showed (show - showed)
work - worked (work - worked)

Regular verbs ending in -ed do not change for person or number. Let's look at the example of the verb walk (walk, stroll):

I walked - I walked
you walked - you walked / You walked
he walked - he walked
she walked - she walked
it walked - he/she walked/walked (inanimate)
we walked - we walked
they walked - they walked

I. There are some spelling rules when adding -ed endings.

1. So, for example, if the verb is already ends with a letter-e , then only -d is added to it. For example:

Change - changed (change - changed)
arrive - arrived (arrive - arrived)
smoke - smoked (smoking - smoked)

2. If the verb ends with the letter -y, then the ending, with rare exceptions, changes to -ied. For example:

study - studied (teach - taught)
tidy - tidied (clean - cleaned)
try - tried (try - tried)

The exceptions are the verbs: play - played (play), stay - remained (stop), enjoy - enjoyed (enjoy).

3. In some short verbs(in 1 syllable) by adding the ending -ed The consonant is doubled. This rule applies to verbs that ends with one vowel and one consonant letters. For example:

stop - stop ped (stop - stopped)
rob - rob bed (rob - robbed)

II. Regarding regular English verbs, there are also several reading rules.

1. So, for example, in verbs, ending in a voiceless consonant(f, k, p, t), the ending -ed is read softly, like /t/. For example:

walk ed /wɔ:kt/
look ed /lukt/
jump ed /dʒʌmpt/
ask ed /a:skt/

2. In verbs, ending in voiced and all other sounds, the ending -ed is pronounced voiced, like /d/. For example:

play ed /pleid/
show ed /ʃəud/
arrived /ə"raivd/
chang ed /tʃeindʒd/

3. The pronunciation of the verb ending -ed changes slightly when the verbs end with the sounds /t/ or /d/. Then the ending is pronounced /id/. For example:

decid ed /di"saidid/
wait ed /"weitid /
land ed /"lændid /
fad ed/"feidid/

Now let's look at the regular verbs in affirmative sentences. Here are some examples:

Miriam waited for Adam for several hours. - Miriam waited for Adam for several hours.
She walked towards the river. - She walked towards the river.
They changed their mind. - They changed their decision.
The woman carried a heavy bag. - The woman was carrying a heavy bag.
When I arrived the party was over. - When I arrived, the party was over.
The plane landed near the village. - The plane landed near the village.
The car stopped next to my house. - The car stopped next to my house.
Children played hide-and-seek. - The children played hide and seek.
We stayed at my grandmother's. - We stayed with my grandmother.
I looked around but there was noone. - I looked around, but there was no one there.
He studied German at school. - He studied German at school.

As can be seen from the examples, the place of subjects and verbs in affirmative sentences is fixed, and the remaining members of the sentences can be used depending on the context. When reading the examples, pay attention to the spelling of regular verbs and their pronunciation.

As opposed to regular verbs, English also has a whole series irregular verbs, which do not obey the rule of adding the ending -ed, but are formed completely unexpectedly and in different ways. For example:

find - found (find - found)
take - took (take - took)
sleep - slept (sleep - slept)
fight - fought (fight - fought)
get - got (receive - received)
give - gave (give - gave)
buy - bought (buy - bought)
catch - caught (catch - caught)
lose - lost (lose - lost) and many others.

Here you can find the complete
The simple past tense uses verbs from the second column (Past Simple).

In affirmative sentences, irregular verbs are used in the same way as regular ones. The order of the sentence is fixed: Subject - Predicate - Object - Adverbial modifier. Let's look at examples:

He lost his key a day ago. - He lost his key a day ago.
Simon took my phone number yesterday. - Simon took my phone number yesterday.
I gave her a birthday present. - I gave her a present for her birthday.
They slept for eight hours last night. - They slept eight hours last night.

For the formation of negative and interrogative sentences with regular and irregular verbs (except to be and modal verbs) the auxiliary verb did is required.

So, for example, in interrogative sentences comes first auxiliary verb did, then the subject and the verb, but in its original form (infinitive), since the auxiliary verb did takes on the function of the past tense. Let's look at a few examples:

(+) Her watch stopped working. - Her watch stopped working.
(?) Did her watch stop working? - Has her watch stopped working?

(+) He caught a big fish. - He caught big fish.
(?) Did he catch a big fish? - Did he catch a big fish?

(+) They played cards in the evening. - They played cards in the evening.
(?) Did they play cards in the evening? - Did they play cards in the evening?

(+) Mr.Right found a purse with money. - Mr. Wright found a wallet with money.
(?) Did Mr.Right find a purse money? - Did Mr. Wright find a wallet with money?

(+) His father called him yesterday. - His father called him yesterday.
(?) Did his father call him yesterday? - Did his father call him yesterday?

As can be seen from the examples, the auxiliary verb did does not change in persons or numbers, like, for example, the verbs do and does, was and were. Also, these questions belong to the general category, and require short answers, which, unlike Russian “yes” and “no,” depend largely on the question itself and the auxiliary verb. Let's take a closer look:

Did you leave early last night? -Yes, I did. -No, I didn't. -Did you leave early last night? -Yes. -No.
Did they like the cake? -Yes, they did. -No, they didn't. - Did they like the cake? - Yes. - No.
Did their children break the remote control? -Yes, they did. -No, they didn't." -Did their children break the remote control? -Yes. -No.

Special questions with regular and irregular verbs are formed in the same order as common ones, but with the addition question word at the beginning. For example:

Where did you find the map? - Where did you find the map?
Why did they call us last night? - Why did they call us last night?
Who did you invite to the party? -Who did you invite to the party?
What did she cook fro dinner? - What did she cook for dinner?

Negative sentences with regular and irregular verbs are also formed using the auxiliary verb did, and the negative particle "not". The main verbs in such sentences remain in their original form, i.e. in the infinitive. Let's look at examples:

(+) He didn’t want us to go. - He wanted us to leave.
(-) He didn't (did not) want us to go. - He didn't want us to leave.

(+) They enjoyed the concert. - They liked the concert.
(-) They didn’t enjoy the concert. - They didn’t like the concert.

(+) Albert promised me something. - Albert promised me something.
(-) Albert didn’t promise me anything. - Albert didn’t promise me anything.

(+) My friend paid t he fine. - My friend paid the fine.
(-) My friend didn't pay the fine. - My friend did not pay the fine.

(+) It broke after all. - And yet it broke.
(-) It didn’t break after all. - And yet it didn’t break.

As can be seen from the examples, the word did can be combined with the particle not, and then the abbreviated form is obtained - didn't.

Thus, we examined regular and irregular verbs in English, and also became familiar with their use in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences. The category of regular verbs does not require targeted memorization, but it is recommended to learn irregular verbs several times a day and try to use them in your sentences.

Personal view.

We know that the verb in English is everything. We also know that there is a list of irregular verbs that are the basis of the English language. It just so happens that they are the stumbling block in learning. I recommend you watch I . Perhaps this will help you look at the problem from a different perspective. In those slightly absurd poems, I tried to include the most common irregular verbs.

But now let's talk about REGULAR verbs.

These are most verbs English language, to to which we add ED. I was interested in collecting the most basic verbs that I use in my daily life.

I will specifically give examples in the past tense and in the perfect tense so that the difference in tenses can be seen.

1. Love loved loved (to love)

For example:

I loved him two years ago. I loved him two years ago.

I have loved him. I fell in love with him

2. Want wanted wanted (want)

I wanted an apple yesterday. I wanted an apple yesterday.

I have always wanted to work in a team. I always wanted to work in a team.

3. Use used used (use, use)

I used this pen last week. I used this pen a week ago.

I have used this car today. I used this machine today.

4. Work worked worked

He worked yesterday. She worked yesterday.

I have just worked.

5. Walk walked walked (to walk, stroll)

I walked in the forest two days ago. I walked in the forest 2 days ago.

I have walked in the park today. I took a walk in the park today.

6. Call called (call, call)

I called for a doctor yesterday. I called the doctor yesterday.

I have just called the police. I just called the police.

7. Try tried tried (try, try)

I tried to repair my house in 1987.

I have already tried this cream. I have already tried this cream.

8. Cry cried cried (cry, scream)

He cried yesterday. He cried yesterday.

He has never cried in his life. He never cried in his life.

9. Ask asked asked (ask, request)

She asked for help yesterday.He asked for help yesterday.

I`ve never asked for help. I never asked for help.

10. Answered answered answered (answer)

He answered that he was ill. He replied that he was sick.

I`ve just answered the question. I just answered the question.

11. Need needed needed

I needed help yesterday. I needed help yesterday.

I`ve suddenly needed help. I suddenly needed help.

12. Play played played

I played computer an hour ago. I was playing on the computer an hour ago.

I have already played this game! I've already played this game!

13. Help helped helped (help)

He helped them in 1999. He helped them in 1999.

He has never helped them. He never helped them.

14. Live lived (to live)

I lived in London 2 years ago. I lived in London 2 years ago.

I have already lived in London for 10 years. I have already lived in London for 10 years.

15. Move moved moved (move, move)

I`ve moved to Moscow. I moved to Moscow.

He moved to Paris two years ago. He moved to Paris 2 years ago.

16. Learn learned learned (can be an irregular verb) (teach, study, learn)

I have just learned the poem! I just learned a verse!

I learned Spanish when I was young. I learned Spanish when I was young.

17. Watch watched watched (watch, observe)

I watched TV yesterday. I watched TV yesterday.

He has watched this program lately. He recently reviewed this program.

18. Open opened opened (open)

He opened the door yesterday. He opened the door yesterday.

I've opened the door. I just opened the door.

19. Close closed closed (close)

I`ve just closed the eyes. I just closed my eyes.

I closed my company two days ago. I closed my company 2 years ago.

20. Die died died

This knight died many years ago. This knight died many years ago.

He has recently died. He recently died.

21. Pass passed (pass, pass)

He passed exams 2 days ago. He passed his exams 2 years ago.

He has passed the trial. He passed the test!

22. Serve served served (to serve)

He served in the army two days ago. He served in the army 2 years ago.

He has served in the army lately. He has already served in the army.

23. Change changed changed (change, change)

He has changed his style lately. He recently changed his style

He changed computer yesterday. He changed the computer yesterday.

24. Stop stopped stopped

He stopped smoking 2 years ago. He stopped smoking 2 years ago.

He has just stopped (he just stopped).

25. Remember remembered remembered(remember, remember)

I remembered him last night. I remembered him last night.

He has remembered everything today. He remembered everything today.

26. Promise promised promised (Promise)

He promised to come. He promised to come.

He has never promised that. He never promised this.

27. Believe believed believed.(believe)

I didn`t believe him 2 years ago. I didn't believe him 2 years ago.

She has never believed me. She never believed me.

28. Hoped hoped. (Hope)

I hoped to do it yesterday. I was hoping to do this yesterday.

I`ve hoped for him. I hoped for him.

29. Realize realized realized. (Recognize, implement).

I realized that he was wrong. I realized that he was wrong.

I`ve finally realized my goal. I finally achieved my goal.

30. look looked looked (look)

I have looked in the mirror. I looked in the mirror.

He looked into this documents yesterday. He carefully studied these documents yesterday.

P.S I also want to include here 2 verbs that I liked in lately and they all start with the letter “M”.

Mention mentioned mentioned.

Don`t mention it. It's OK.

I have already mentioned it. I already mentioned this.

She mentioned the book to me. She told me about this book.

Manage managed . (Manage, succeed, manage to do something).

I managed to do it yesterday. I managed to do this yesterday.

I`ve managed with it. I got over it.

Have a great day

Our topic today is getting to know such an interesting phenomenon as forms of irregular verbs. As you know, the English language is very cunning. This language often lays all sorts of traps for us. One of them is irregular verbs. English is not the only language that has irregular verbs. French also rich in irregular verbs. Irregular English verbs have three or four forms?

Romanian, German, Latin, Greek also contains irregular verbs. And even the Russian language is replete with them. I think you have repeatedly heard about irregular verbs in English, in other words Irregular Verbs. Why are such verbs called irregular? It's very simple: in the past tense they are conjugated in their own way, have their own special form, while all other verbs in the past tense have an ending -ed.

How to distinguish irregular verbs from regular ones?

For comparison, let's conjugate 3 regular regular verbs in the Past Simple:

As you can see, all 3 verbs are conjugated the same way, according to the pattern of stem + ending -ed.

The situation is completely different in the case of irregular verbs. Let's conjugate 3 more verbs in the simple past tense (Past Simple), which are irregular, and here pay attention to the fact that each of these verbs has its own, absolutely different shape at the end or even at the root of a word:

Even the naked eye can see that each of these verbs appeared in its own form, completely different from the others. The catch is that there is no a certain rule, by which you can find out the form of an irregular verb. Each of them is conjugated differently. The English language, friends, is full of tricks and underwater reefs. Another catch is that each irregular verb has not one form, but three.

Three forms of irregular verbs

So what are these three forms?

• The first is the infinitive or initial (indefinite) form of the verb
• The second is Past Participle I, that is, the form that corresponds to the simple past tense (Past Simple), it is also used in the 2nd and 3rd cases of the conditional mood (Conditional of the 2-d and of the 3-d case)
• The third is Past Participle II, the one that is used in the perfect present tense ( Present Perfect) and in the past tense ( Past Perfect). The same form is used in passive voice(Passive Voice), in the Conditional of the 3-d case and some other grammatical rules.

Here are some examples of 3 forms of irregular verbs:

• To arise - arose - arisen - to rise
• To be - was, were - been - to be
• To bear - bore - born - to give birth
• To become - became - become - become, become
• To begin - began - began - to begin
• To catch - caught - caught - to catch, to catch
• To choose - chose - chosen - to choose
• To dig - dug - dug - dig, dig
• To dream - dreamt - dreamt - dream, dream
• To feel - felt - felt - to feel
• To forget - forgot - forgotten - to forget
• To have - had - had - to have

Now let’s look at these 3 forms using example sentences in all of the above verb tenses.

• So, the simple past tense of the verb (Past Simple Tense):

Yesterday she felt herself bad ( to feel). — Yesterday she felt bad. Last Wednesday we met Jim ( to meet). — Last Wednesday we met Jim. Last night I dream you ( to dream). “Last night I dreamed about you.” I was in Paris last year ( to be) — I was in Paris last year.

• Present Perfect Tense:

I have just seen him ( to see). - I just saw him. Tom has already brought my books ( to bring). — Tom has already brought my books. Have you ever been in London ( to be)? —Have you ever been to London? Ann has already forgotten her boy-friend ( to forget).- Anna has already forgotten her boyfriend.

• Past Perfect Tense:

I noticed that I had forgotten my keys ( to forget). — I noticed that I forgot my keys. He understood that he had lost his documents ( to lose). — He realized that he had lost his documents.

• Passive Voice:

The dog is fed by me ( to feed). — The dog was fed by me (I fed the dog). Made in France ( to make). — Made in France.

• Conditional mood of the 2nd and 3rd cases (Conditional). The second and third forms appear here:

If I had money, I would buy a car ( to have). — If I had money, I would buy a car (real condition). If I had money, I would have bought a car ( to have, to buy).- If I had money, I would buy a car (unreal condition, past tense).
How to learn all forms of irregular verbs?

Cheat sheet for memorizing Irregular Verbs

As mentioned above, there are no rules by which the forms of irregular verbs are formed; everyone has their own. But we hope that this poetic form will help you quickly remember these irregular verbs:

To write-wrote-written
To eat-ate-eat
To speak-spoke-spoken
To break-broken-broken

To come-come-come
To become-became-become
To run-run-run
To swim-swam-swum

To know-knew-known
To throw-threw-thrown
To blow-blew-blown
To fly-flown

Tossing-sang-sung
To ring-rang-rung
To hide-hid-hidden
To bite-bit-bitten

To send-sent-sent
To spend-spent-spent
To sleep-slept-slept
To keep-kept-kept

To tell-told-told
To sell-sold-sold
To teach-taught-taught
To catch-caught-caught

To fight-fought-fought
To think-thought-thought
To buy-bought-bought
To bring-brought-brought

To cut-cut-cut
To shut-shut-shut
To cost-cost-cost
To lose-lost-lost

To lead-led-led
To feed-fed-fed
To feel-felt-felt
To hold-held-held

From this funny poetic form we see that some irregular verbs have the same letter combinations, which allows them to rhyme and thereby make it easier for us to remember them.

"Fourth" form of irregular verbs

There is a common belief that there is also a 4th form irregular verbs. This 4th configuration is formed according to the scheme stem + ending -ing. It defines the Present Participle, that is, the present participle in tenses such as the present continuous tense ( Present Continuous) and past continuous tense (Past Continuous). In other words, it is the present and past tense of the imperfect form. It follows from this that there are not 3, but 4 forms of irregular verbs. But this 4th configuration is, as it were, unofficial.

Let's look at this very 4th form using examples of sentences with the Present Continuous:

The same 4th form in sentences with Past Continuous.