The parts of a complex sentence are in different semantic relationships. Thus, with connecting conjunctions, the meaning of the simultaneity of actions, phenomena, events is expressed: The dream did not come, and fragments of some distant, distant memories flashed in my head (Mark); and sequences: The boats creaked their bottoms on the sand, the oars clattered, and from somewhere out of the fog a drawn-out voice came (Mark).
With adversative conjunctions, the meanings of comparison are expressed: Ivan suggested returning back to his homeland. Fortunately, there were huts there, but the fields and vegetable gardens had not yet been overgrown with weeds and thistles (Mark); contrasts: No one was waiting, but she was still waiting (Cossack); or inconsistencies: The sun has set, but it’s still light in the forest (T.)
In complex sentences with disjunctive conjunctions, the alternation of actions, phenomena, events or their incompatibility is indicated: Either he was going to enter the zoological garden to study as a lion tamer, then he was drawn to firefighting (Cover.).
Basic meanings (conjunctive, adversative and divisive) can be complicated by additional shades. For example, the adversative conjunction but - with a concessive shade of meaning: She [Nadyusha] was a little scared, but more strong feeling- a keen interest in the people who once lived here pushed her forward and forward! (Mark.); The opposite conjunction is with an intensifying connotation of meaning: Of our battery, only Solyony will go on the barge, while we are with the combat unit (Ch.).
A connecting conjunction and with a cause-and-effect connotation of meaning: Then it became quiet, and people moved on (Cossack.).
An opposite union, but with an additional shade of compensation: Autumn was approaching. The days became shorter, but the nights became longer and cooler (Mark).
In addition, in in some cases some conjunctions can be used with different meanings, for example, a connecting conjunction and in the meaning of the adversative: She disappeared into a dark door, and instead of her, an old, hunched Armenian woman with a red face and in green trousers (Ch.) appeared on the threshold.
Exercise 623. Read the text expressively. Determine the semantic relationships of the parts of complex sentences with the conjunction and and rewrite the sentences in the following order:
a) sentences expressing simultaneity of actions; b) sentences expressing a sequence of actions; c) sentences with a cause-and-effect meaning; d) sentences with the meaning of opposition (in this case, it is possible to replace the conjunction with the conjunction a).
1. Soon the cauldron gurgled, began to puff, and the aroma of resin spread throughout the entire shore (Mark.). 2. His work was going well, and he went further than anyone else (Mark). 3. Alyoshka threw a sheepskin coat over his shoulders, offered his head to Eremeich, and he pulled his hat down to his very ears (Mark.). 4. When leaving, he illuminated a piece of the forest with a flashlight, and Travkin, standing up, managed to choose a path among the trees, where there seemed to be fewer Germans (Cossack.). 5. The division, advancing, went deep into endless forests, and they swallowed it up (Cossack.). 6. Indeed, the gun opened fire, and Travkin informed Gurevich by phone (Kazak.). 7. The entire group, silently hiding in the impenetrable darkness, disappeared, disappeared, and its traces were washed away by the rain (Cossack.). 8. Dawn slowly came, and movement along the road stopped (Cossack.). 9. It was raining that morning, and Travkin decided to give the scouts a rest (Cossack.). 10. They knew about Travkin’s upcoming task, and he, not without annoyance, read some kind of apologetic expression in their eyes (Cossack.). I. War became a way of life for them, and this platoon became a family (Cossack). 12. Oak trees, covered with young leaves, hummed under gusts of wind, and thousands of streams ran underfoot, like flocks of mice (Cossack.). 13. Newspapers were born nearby, almost under your hands, and this made them especially expensive and significant (S. Bar.). 14. A hot cloud, as if from a locomotive chimney, shot upward, and steam enveloped the ship (B. Pol.).
Exercise 624. Read the text expressively. Determine the semantic relationships of parts of complex sentences with the conjunction a (contrast, inconsistency). Rewrite, in parentheses after each sentence, indicate these semantic relationships.
Sample. Mamochkin didn’t know her, but he knew all the women here without a doubt (Cossack) (inconsistency).
- That was in the summer, but now the earth lay under the snow, bound by frost, and the sky shimmered with the glare of starry paths (Mark.).
- Porfiry Ignatievich trampled on the sand, creaked with it, but still did not move from his place (Mark.). 3. While in the summer I swim along the taiga rivers, it’s okay, it’s tolerable, but in the winter, even a wolf howls (Mark.). 4. But a day passed and another day, and Porfiry Ignatievich did not return (Mark.). 5. He said goodbye to her and went towards his hut, and the girl remained standing under the tree (Cossack.). 6. Everyone takes the “language”, but I don’t come across anything (Cossack). 7. Brazhnikov remained silent guiltily, and Mamochkin, having learned about this conversation, threw up his hands (Cossack.). 8. The sky burst and flared, and the lighter kept hissing and sparkling (S. Bar.).
Sample. The light of the lantern was directed almost into Travkin’s face, but the sleepy German did not notice anything (Cossack.) - Although the light of the lantern was directed almost into Travkin’s very face, the sleepy German did not notice anything.
1. Everything is visible through the darkness, but it is difficult to make out the color and outlines of objects (Ch.). 2. Winter did not give way, but one warm day finally overpowered it, and the streams flowed and the birds began to sing (Ch.). 3. Alyoshka said this indistinctly, quietly, under his breath, but he was still heard not only by those sitting at the table, but also in the back desks (Mark.). 4. These exams are lately she persevered, but she did not have time to think much about school tests (N. Ant.). 5. She listened to him carefully, but thought about her own things (Mark.). 6. Probably Nadyushka should have refused the invitation, but she was interested and happy with this person (Mark.). 7. Nadyushka tried to pretend to be carefree, but her heart was beating anxiously (Mark.). 8. True, the troops were well camouflaged, but the very fact of increased Russian reconnaissance of these places caused concern (Kazak.).
- Travkin also decided to wait for the train, but the train still did not show up (Cossack). 10. He could admire Mamochkin’s exaggerated daring as much as he wanted, but the only model for him was this withdrawn, young and somewhat incomprehensible lieutenant (Cossack.). 11. The night before last Marchenko was supposed to return, but Travkin, struggling with heavy half-asleep, waited in vain for him in the trench (Kazak.).
Sample. After tea, grandfather went to bed, and I left the house and sat on the porch (Ch.). The conjunction a is used here in a comparative sense; possible replacement: “After tea, grandfather went to bed, but I left the house and sat on the porch.”
1. Will I fall, pierced by an arrow, or will it fly by (P.).
- He must leave, or I am dead (T.). 3. The sun was hot on my head, and on my chest, and on my back, but I didn’t notice it (Ch.). 4. The station no longer blocked the west, the field was open, but the sun had already set, and the smoke spread in black clouds across the green velvet winter (Ch.).
- ... The wires on the poles howled strangely, and the signs rattled (A.N.T.). 6. Several people entered the barn, but there was no one there (Cossack). 7. I had to say something, but there were no words (Hump.).
- The sun was setting behind the birches, and the birches were rising to the white, spring clouds, taking the form of cumulus (Prishv.). 9. The steamer was traveling on the right bank, and the left bank, rocky, overgrown with sparse bare spruce trees on top, was visible with amazing clarity (B. Pol.). 10. He shouted several times, but either the voice of the siren drowned him out, or the cabin was empty, no one responded (B. Paul.). I. The people were indistinguishable from a distance, but the cars could be seen (B. Pol.). 12. People in our country are the most important thing, the most important thing, but in his Green Town the stoves are smoking, there is blowing in the seams of the tents (B. Pol.).
Sample. The eye sees, but the tooth is numb (Kr.) - The eye sees, yes (but) the tooth is numb. The conjunction yes has a colloquial connotation.
- You'll get a kick out of it, but watch out, don't chat, or I'll beat you up (P.). 2. Or the plague will catch me, or the frost will ossify me (P.).
- They even wanted to make me a collegiate assessor, yes, I think why (G.). 4. The porridge is good, but the bowl is small (ate). 5. The driver on the box was sleeping, a hungry wolf in the wilderness was moaning piercingly, and the wind was beating and roaring, playing on the river, and a foreigner was singing somewhere in a strange language (N.). 6. The bones have decayed, yes, they say, the soul kind person incorruptible (Mark). 7. The stars rained down and the needles rang (Pinch.). 8. Tanya got behind the wheel, but either the battery was weak, or Tanya was worried, the car wouldn’t start (Kazak.).
>>Russian language: Semantic relations between parts of a complex sentence. Punctuation marks between parts of a complex sentence. Generalization and systematization of what has been learned about complex sentences
Semantic relationships between parts of a complex sentence. Punctuation marks between parts of a complex sentence. Generalization and systematization of what has been learned about complex sentences Certain semantic relationships are established between the parts of a complex sentence. In complex sentences - simultaneity or sequence of events, mutual exclusion, opposition. IN complex sentences the subordinate part can indicate the reason, conditions, purpose of those events mentioned in the main sentence.
Submitted by readers from Internet sites
Collection of lesson notes for all grades, Russian language download, online librarian for download for free, textbooks and books in all subjects, ready-made homework
Each of us encounters the concept of “text” regularly. However, not everyone can give a clear definition of this, it would seem simple concept.
In Russian language lessons, we have heard more than once that a text is several sentences connected by semantic and grammatical connections.
In this article we will find the answer to the question “What are the types and in the text?” Let's refresh our theoretical knowledge and look at some illustrative examples.
What kinds of sentences are there in the text?
Let's turn to grammar rules Russian language. IN modern science The following types of connection of sentences are found in the text: chain, parallel.
The most common way to connect phrases is the first. Chain (other names: sequential, linear) connection is widely used in texts of any type of speech. This is explained by the fact that the linear type does not conflict with the usual way of human thinking. With the help of chain communication, the speaker has the opportunity to express himself sequentially, gradually developing the idea.
Features of the chain type connection
The chain type of connection is characterized by:
- replacing adjectives, nouns, numerals used in the first sentence with pronouns in the next;
- use of synonymous words and phrases;
- lexical and syntactic repetitions;
- pronominal adverbs;
- conjunctions and allied words.
In order to easily determine the types of connections between sentences in the text, it is necessary to look at several examples:
- One day I became seriously ill. The fever tormented me for several days. Completely exhausted by illness, I called a doctor. He arrived in the evening, examined me and prescribed treatment.
- In a kingdom far, far away, there lived a beautiful princess. Her hair was golden like the sun. And his face is white, like fresh milk. The girl was more beautiful than the first spring flower.
Both texts are a clear example of a linear relationship. Each sentence is connected to the next one using synonyms, pronouns, and lexical repetitions.
Parallel communication
As we know, there are two common ways to connect sentences in a text. Let's move on to getting to know the second one.
With a parallel (centralized) method of communication, sentences in the text do not depend on each other. Each phrase is considered independent in its content. But it can also be part of an enumeration, comparison or contrast.
Parallel communication is most often used in texts of a descriptive and narrative nature. This is due to the fact that the centralized type is perfect for a simultaneous story about several phenomena, objects, events.
Sentences using a parallel type of communication are characterized by:
- the same structure of construction (the same order of words);
- using verbs of the same form in each phrase.
Let's look at a few examples of sentences with a parallel type of connection. This kind of practice will help you cope with tasks from the category: “Identify the types of connections between sentences in the text.”
- It was a beautiful summer day. The sun illuminated the dusty road with warm rays. Bright reflections ran merrily across the green foliage. Somewhere in the distance, birds sang subtly.
- Varvara was riding on an old bus to work. The weather was gloomy. It had been raining non-stop for several hours now. And the girl began to feel as if it would never end. But suddenly the clouds cleared and a modest ray of sun appeared.
The examples presented are of two and a narrative. The sentences in both are independent. They are not direct continuations of each other.
Phrases are similar in their construction model: the subject comes first, then the predicate. In addition to the characteristic parallel structure, each example used verbs in the singular or plural past tense.
Are there other types of connections between sentences in a text?
Some Internet sources highlight a third type of combination of independent phrases in the text - accession. With this type of communication, part of the statement becomes independent, specifying and supplementing the basic information.
This type can be recognized by the use of its characteristic coordinating and connecting conjunctions: even, mainly, moreover, first of all, in particular, for example, first of all.
Let's consider a few proposals:
- All the objects in the room, especially clothes and books, were scattered messily.
- Everyone in the house was extremely embarrassed, especially my uncle.
Using these phrases as an example, it is clear that the part of the statement responsible for detailing the main idea becomes separate and independent. However, it does not turn into an independent proposal.
From the works of famous Russian linguists L.V. Shcherba, V.V. Vinogradov, one can learn that addition works only within a phrase and does not apply to types of connections between sentences in the text.
Combining communication types
It should be remembered that parallel and chain types of connections can occur not only individually. Quite often one comes across voluminous texts with various types communications.
Depending on what the author wants to say, he uses a certain type of connection of sentences in the text. For example, to describe nature, he will choose a parallel method. And for a story about how the day went, it’s a chain one.
Communications. What are they?
We learned what types of connections exist between sentences in the text. Revealed them characteristic features and learned to recognize. Now let's move on to the second part of our plan.
They are divided into three large groups: lexical, morphological, syntactic. We will get acquainted with each of them and look at examples for a better understanding of the topic.
Lexical means of communication
This group in modern Russian includes:
- Lexical repetitions of words or phrases. This technique is used quite often, as it gives the text special expressiveness. Example: “The boy took a book from the library to read at home. The book turned out to be very exciting."
- in neighboring sentences. For example: “The spring day was so beautiful! It’s not for nothing that spring is called the most wonderful time of the year.”
- Synonyms. Often found in literary and journalistic texts. They make speech more expressive and colorful. For example: “His novel was well received by critics. The work was also appreciated by loyal readers.”
- Antonyms (including contextual ones). Let's give an example: “He had many friends. There are an order of magnitude fewer enemies.”
- Descriptive phrases that replace one of the words of the previous sentence: “He looked at the sky. The blue dome amazed the young man with its immensity.”
Morphological means of communication
Let's consider what morphological means of connecting sentences in the text we may encounter:
- Personal pronouns in the third person form: “I was waiting for my best friend It's already an hour. She was late, as always.”
- Demonstrative pronouns. For example: “I really like the red dress. It seems that in such an outfit it is impossible to go unnoticed.”
- Pronominal adverbs. Let's give an example: “Alexander simply had to pretend that he had great mood. That’s how he behaved.”
- Particles, unions. Consider an example: “Everyone really liked my mother’s soup. Only my brother, as always, refused to eat the first course.”
- Maintaining the unity of the aspect and tense of verbs. For example: “We decided to arrange romantic dinner. Prepared delicious dessert. The table was set. The candles were lit."
- Adjectives and adverbs used in the form comparative degree: “The day was simply wonderful. It seemed like it couldn’t get better.”
- Adverbs with the meaning of time, place. Example: “He looked wonderful today. Not at all like five years ago.”
Syntactic means of communication
To the group syntactic means include:
- Introductory words and constructions. For example: “First of all, he was too young. Secondly, he’s too stupid.”
- Incomplete sentences. For example: “Today the weather was disgusting. Because of the pouring rain."
- (using the same construction to construct adjacent sentences). Example: “You have to be wise. You have to be responsible."
- Parcellation (dividing a sentence into several parts for greater expressiveness). Let's look at an example: “To be successful, you need to become responsible and purposeful. We need to change our approach to business."
- Combining forward and backward word order: “I'll be waiting for you to come back. You will return and we will live happily.”
- Using anchor sentences starting with “let’s move on to the next part,” “this has already been discussed above,” “as noted earlier.”
We learned what are the means and types of connections between sentences of the text. And we consolidated theoretical knowledge by analyzing examples.
Now, having come across the task “Determine which means of communication are found,” you can easily cope with it.
Subject: Semantic relations in a complex sentence.
Goals: 1. organize students’ activities in perceiving and comprehending the primary material: give the concept of a complex sentence, show semantic relationships in a complex sentence, repeat coordinating conjunctions; 2. contribute to improving the ability to distinguish a complex sentence, developing the skill of constructing a diagram of a complex sentence; 3. Promote the development of an attentive, humane attitude towards people, respect for nature
Lesson type: lesson of learning new material.
Equipment: Russian language textbook, schoolchild's dictionary, table “Groups of coordinating conjunctions”, text for analysis, test.
Lesson progress
Opening remarks.
Good morning. Today I would like to start our lesson with the words of E. Yevtushenko.
People who are not interested in no in the world,
Their destinies are like the history of the planets,
Each one has everything special, its own,
And there are no planets similar to it.
What associations do these lines give you?
I say these words and imagine each of you, interesting and unique. This is exactly how I want to see you in every lesson.
Warm up. Lexico-spelling work.
Guys, you should have determined the meaning of the words
Progress
Progressive
Humanism
Humane
Phenomenal
Announcement of the topic, setting the goal of the lesson.
Look at the sentence written on the board.
The roosters have long since crowed and are playing the horn.
Reading this sentence, it’s hard not to smile: it turns out that the roosters first announced the beginning of the day with their crowing, and then they, and not the shepherd, began to play on the horn.
What is the offer before us?
(a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates connected by the conjunctionAnd )
What is missing in this sentence for us to understand everything correctly?
(a comma is missing between parts of a complex sentence before the conjunctionAnd , which will connect two simple sentences as part of a complex one)
Roosters for a long time sang , And play on the horn.
Right. Now we have not a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates, but complex sentence. And now everything is clear.
- Guys, what do you think is the topic of today's lesson?
(Compound sentence)
Let's determine the objectives of the lesson using key words:
repeat
learn
- ;
learn
Right! Today we will not only repeat information already known to us, but also get acquainted with what semantic relationships there can be between parts of the BSC
Write the topic of today's lesson in your notebook
Repetition of the theory.
Guys, you have already studied complex sentences.
Let's remember what we know about BSC:
What proposal can be called a BSC? (complex sentence with two or more grammatical stems connected by a coordinating conjunction)
How are simple sentences connected to each other in a compound sentence? (intonation and coordinating conjunctions).
Name the coordinating conjunctions.
Connecting: AND, YES (AND)
Dividing: OR, EITHER, THAT,
Opponents: A, BUT, YES (BUT)
- Write them down in the table.
ANDYes (= and)
Neither...nor
Same
Also
That...that
Or (or)
Or
Either... or
Not that... not that
Not only...but also
But
Yes (but)
However
But
Simultaneity
Subsequence
cause
Alternation
mutual exclusion
Comparison
opposition
Working with the textbook.
analysis of an excerpt from A.S. Pushkin’s poem “Collapse”
Reading the rules and theoretical material of the textbook
execution of exercise 60 (children work on one sentence)
-Pay attention to paragraph 12.
reading textbook material.
working with the textbook diagram
– add to the table the types of semantic relationships between parts of a complex sentence
Let's return to Exercise 60 that we completed and determine the semantic relationships between the parts of the sentences.
(simultaneity, sequence, comparison;
simultaneity, sequence, opposition;
reason, - , comparison;
cause,
Consolidation of what has been learned
Let's write down the sentences, highlight the grammatical basics in them, determine what semantic connection exists between simple sentences in complex sentences, and with the help of what conjunctions it is expressed.(let's try to rearrange the sentences)
It was already ten o'clock, and there was light over the garden full moon. (simultaneity)
The twig crunched and the branch broke off. (subsequence)
A blue silence hung over the fir trees, and the weeping birches lowered their green braids. (matching)
Either the gate will open quietly, or the door will creak. (alternation)
Rule 1
Rule 2
Schematic dictation
Now you will not write down sentences, but will create sentence diagrams:
The north breathes the wind of the night and the wormwood sways. (I. Bunin.)
The hollow water receded, and the river flowed like a narrow stream. (L. Andreev.)
It was already getting dark and the room became dark.
It's autumn, but the weather is still warm.
Either lightning flashes, or thunder is heard.
Physical education minute.
Text analysis.
AND
Test.
I option
A. The snow rustles underfoot and it no longer appears white on the pavement.
A. B. C. D.
A. B. C. D.
[vaguely personal], and [impersonal]?
A.B.C.G.
4. What significance does a conjunction bring to a complex sentence?
?
however
II option
A. B. C. D.
2. indicate complex sentences.
A. B. C. D.
3. the structure of which sentence corresponds to the scheme:
A., B., C., D.
?
A. simultaneity of phenomena. B. sequence
B. alternation D. Opposition
5. Find a sentence with a conjunctionSame.
Test answers:
Ioption - 1-A; 2-A. B.; 3-B.; 4-V.; 5-A.
IIoption – 1-B., G.; 2-A.,B.; 3-A.; 4-B.; 5-A.
Lesson summary.
Do you think that in today’s lesson we achieved the goals that we set at the beginning of the lesson?
Homework:
Learn the material paragraphs 11, 12; exercise 62; select and write down 10 words each for a vocabulary dictation on the topic “b after sibilants”
Reflection.
Children are offered proverbs, which the student chooses and explains his choice, commenting on his impressions of the lesson.
I gain my glory in battle.
You won't grow up looking at the forest, and you won't get rich looking at people.
God is God, don’t be bad yourself.
Holy God, plowing won't help.
Great in body, but small in deed.
The eyes are droopy, and the mouth is yawning.
The belly is thick and the forehead is empty.
Get treatment from a doctor, learn from a smart person.
He who hopes for heaven sits without bread.
One eye on the mill, the other on the forge.
You won’t acquire a good mind right away.
Rely on your own mind, and hold on to someone else's.
Whoever you hang out with, that's how you'll gain.
The bee is small and it works.
Progress – forward movement, improvement in the development process;
Progressive – striving for progress, advanced;
Humanism - humanity, humanity in social activities, in relation to people;
Humane – humane, responsive, cultural;
Phenomenal - outstanding, exceptional.
repeat
information about a complex sentence; coordinating conjunctions;
learn
features of a compound sentence; how does the BSC differ from PP with homogeneous members of the sentence;
learn
distinguish compound sentences from other sentences
Compiling a table “Groups of coordinating conjunctions”
Yes (= and)
Neither...nor
Same
Also
That...that
Or (or)
Or
Either... or
Not that... not that
Not only...but also
But
Yes (but)
However
But
Simultaneity
Subsequence
cause
Alternation
mutual exclusion
Comparison
opposition
Rule 1 Conjunctions in a complex sentence, expressing the connection between simple sentences, are not included in any of them, but are located between them. Therefore, when rearranging simple sentences the conjunction remains between sentences.
Rule 2 The possibility of rearrangement allows us to establish the semantic equality of simple sentences in relation to each other. So, the presence of a coordinating conjunction and the semantic equality of simple sentences are two main grammatical features of a complex sentence.
Text analysis.
There are fewer and fewer sounds in the night, and they are becoming quieter. And the fields are silent, and the village is asleep, and everything around is quiet. The night seemed to gradually fill with silence and now it was filled to its fullest, to the very brim. (S. Shurtakov.)
Title the text. Determine its type. Indicate the verbs used in figurative meaning. How does this relate to style features?
What meaning does the repeating conjunction make in sentence 2?AND ? (as if slowing down what is happening: the onset of night silence.)
I option
A. The snow rustles underfoot, and it no longer appears white on the pavement.
B. They opened the door to the garden, and a thin and viscous smell wafted from there.
V. The winter forest breathes quietly, sensing the approach of spring, and gradually awakens from sleep.
G. It’s quiet in the forest and smells of pine and grass.
1. indicate the sentence in which there was an error in the punctuation mark.
A. B. C. D.
2. indicate complex sentences.
A. B. C. D.
3. the structure of which sentence corresponds to the scheme:
[ vaguely personal] , And [ impersonal ] ?
What is the meaning of a conjunction in a complex sentence?
Then suddenly a nightingale trills, then a duck quacks ?
A. simultaneity of phenomena.
B. sequence
B. alternation
D. Opposition
5. Find a sentence with a conjunctionhowever (no punctuation marks included).
A. There was a rustling sound in the bushes, but it soon died down.
B. A rustling sound was soon heard in the bushes, but it died down.
Progress – forward movement, improvement in the development process;
Progressive – striving for progress, advanced;
Humanism – humanity, humanity in social activities, in relation to people;
Humane – humane, responsive, cultural;
Phenomenal - outstanding, exceptional.
repeat
information about a complex sentence; coordinating conjunctions;
learn
features of a compound sentence; how does the BSC differ from PP with homogeneous members of the sentence;
learn
distinguish compound sentences from other sentences
Compiling a table “Groups of coordinating conjunctions”
Yes (= and)
Neither...nor
Same
Also
That...that
Or (or)
Or
Either... or
Not that... not that
Not only...but also
But
Yes (but)
However
But
Simultaneity
Subsequence
cause
Alternation
mutual exclusion
Comparison
opposition
Rule 1 Conjunctions in a complex sentence, expressing the connection between simple sentences, are not included in any of them, but are located between them. Therefore, when rearranging simple sentences, the conjunction remains between the sentences.
Rule 2 The possibility of rearrangement allows us to establish the semantic equality of simple sentences in relation to each other. So, the presence of a coordinating conjunction and the semantic equality of simple sentences are two main grammatical features of a complex sentence.
Text analysis.
There are fewer and fewer sounds in the night, and they are becoming quieter. And the fields are silent, and the village is asleep, and everything around is quiet. The night seemed to gradually fill with silence and now it was filled to its fullest, to the very brim. (S. Shurtakov.)
Title the text. Determine its type. Indicate the verbs used in a figurative meaning. How does this relate to style features?
Indicate the lexical means with which the author conveys the motif of silence in nature (fewer sounds, quieter, silent, asleep, stalled, silence).
Are perfective and imperfective verbs accidentally used in the same sentence? (poured - poured, the writer conveys the duration, repetition of the action).
What meaning does the repeating conjunction make in sentence 2?AND ? (as if slowing down what is happening: the onset of night silence.
II option
Read the offers and complete the tasks.
A. Stand facing the waves and you will feel the freshness of the morning sea.
B. It’s the end of winter and the jackdaws are screaming incessantly in the trees.
B. The air in the forest is solemn and quiet and smells like spring.
G. I approached the seashore, plunging deeper and deeper into my thoughts, and suddenly I saw a ship.
1. Find sentences with punctuation errors.
A. B. C. D.
2. indicate complex sentences.
A. B. C. D.
3. the structure of which sentence corresponds to the scheme:
[definitely personal], and [two-part]?
4.What is the significance of a conjunction in a complex sentence?
The first steam locomotives shocked my imagination, and I wanted to create these smart machines ?
A. simultaneity of phenomena.
B. sequence
B. alternation
D. Opposition
5. Find a sentence with a conjunctionSame.
A. We got to the forest with difficulty, and it took a long time to get to the forester’s hut.
B. Ten days later, already finishing the hike, we again found ourselves in the same (same) village.
