Is having use. The rule have got, has got in English

Verb to have one of the most used verbs in English, in has separate forms for the 1st and 3rd person singular – have And has, in plural has one form for all persons - have. Verb to have, in English, can be used as . It can also be used in expressions to denote action. More about .

The verb to have as an auxiliary verb

1. Verb to have used to form all tense groups in combination with Participle II. Verb to have carries the meaning of a completed action.

Examples: I have read a lot of books. – I read a lot of books.
I had been a teacher for several years. – I was a teacher for several years.

The verb to have as a semantic verb

2. Verb to have corresponds to the Russian verb have, possess, i.e. the verb is translated, which means it has meaning. To express the interrogative and negative form, it is used.

Examples: I have many beautiful dresses. – I (she has) a lot of beautiful dresses.
He has an expensive car. - He (he has) an expensive car.
I don't have many beautiful dresses. – I don’t have many beautiful dresses.
Do you have an expensive car? – Do you have an expensive car?

The verb to have as a modal verb

3. Verb to have used in combination with an infinitive with a particle to to express the need to perform an action due to certain circumstances. The negative and interrogative forms are formed using the verb to do. In Russian in the present tense verb have to translated as must, must, must, have to.

Examples: My sister is little and I have to help her with her home task. – My sister is little and I have to help her with her homework.
Why do you have to help your sister with her home task? -Why do you have to help your sister with her homework?

4. B colloquial speech instead of have to sometimes the construction have got to is used. Also in oral speech the abbreviated form of the verb is used have ='ve

Examples: I 've got to phone her back. = I 've to phone her back. - I have to call her back.

In the present and past tenses, it can merge with the negative particle not, in which the letter o is dropped and an apostrophe is used instead.

Conjugation of the verb have in Present Tense

NOTE:

The British English language is characterized by the formation of interrogative and negative forms with this verb without the auxiliary verb do, if isolated cases (actions) are meant, and with the help of the auxiliary verb do, if we mean constant possession (presence). Moreover, in the present tense in the first case in colloquial speech the construction with the verb is more often used get.

For example:

Have you (got) time for a game of chess?
Do you (now) have time to play chess?

Have you (got) any brothers?
Do you have brothers?

For American English and variants characteristic of other English-speaking countries, the use of forms with the auxiliary verb do is in all cases preferable.

For example, where an American might say: Can you help me now? Do you have time?, the Englishman will say: Can you help me now? Have you got time?

In cases where the verb have is used without the auxiliary verb do, the negative form is formed with the help of the negation not (in short form haven’t) or negation before a noun, which in this case is used without an article.

Have you (got) a sister? - Do you have a sister? -
No, I have not. No.
I have no sister. I don't have a sister.

In the 3rd person singular, the contractions for the verbs be and have are the same, i.e. ‘s.

She's a doctor. = She is a doctor.
She's a book. = She has a book.

Conjugation of the verb have in Past Tense

Use

The verb to have is used:

• 1. As an independent verb in the meaning of “to have”, “to possess”.

We have a summer cottage. We have a dacha.

As noted above, the meaning of “to have”, “possess” in the British version is also conveyed by the combination have got.

I have(have got = I’ve got) an interesting book.
I have an interesting book.

Have did you get the latest newspaper? -
Do you have the latest issue of the newspaper (the latest newspaper)? -

No, I haven't got it.
No, I don't have one.

In interrogative and negative forms to express ordinary actions the auxiliary verb do is used (but not with the combination have got).

Do you have dinner at home?
Do you have lunch at home?

I don't have dinner at home very often.
I don't have lunch at home very often.

The interrogative and negative forms with the verb have meaning “to have” can be formed in two ways.

• 2. As an auxiliary verb in combination with Past Participle (3rd form of the main verb) to form the following tenses:

I have been in hospital. I was in the hospital.
Doesn't have dug the patch for potatoes. He dug up a plot for potatoes.
Have you heard the new rock-group? Have you listened to the new rock band?

• 3. As a modal verb in combination with an infinitive in the meaning of obligation, conditioned by circumstances (i.e., the need to perform an action, as required by conditions, circumstances, situation). The combination have to in such cases is translated must, need to, necessary, have to. In this meaning, the interrogative and negative forms are formed using the auxiliary verb do.

I have to go there. I must go there (i.e. I have to go there, I am forced to go there).
He has to take a bus to get to his office. He has to take a bus to his work.

In dialogues, the combinations have to/had to are often used independently, that is, the infinitive itself is omitted, but is implied.

Why do you put on your raincoat? - Why are you wearing a cloak? -
I have to. It looks like rain. I have to (put it on). It looks like it will rain.

Why do you wear spectacles? - Why do you wear glasses? -
I have to(wear them). I am short-sighted. I am forced (to wear them). I'm nearsighted.

I didn't want to stop but I had to(stop) as I needed petrol.
I didn't want to stop, but I had to because I ran out of gas (I needed gas).

• 4. The verb to have in combination with nouns forms a whole series phraseological expressions, having the meaning of a verb.

to have a talk - talk
to have supper - have dinner
to have a smoke - smoke
to have lunch - have breakfast
to have a swim - swim
to have a bath - take a bath
to have a rest - relax
to have difficulties/troubles - encounter difficulties/troubles
to have a good holiday - have a good holiday/vacation
to have dinner - have lunch

The interrogative (if it is a general question or a question not directed to the subject) and negative forms with these expressions are formed using the auxiliary verb do.

When do you have supper? When do you have dinner?
Did you have breakfast? Did you have breakfast?

Rules for reading a phone number in English. When reporting your own or another phone number, each digit of the phone number is called separately.

If you immediately understand the forms of this verb, then use of have has in English will seem very simple. Just remember the verb to be– he has three forms in the present tense. And to have- only two. This is already pleasing, isn’t it? And if you also correlate the rules of the simple present tense and the form of the verb “to have,” then everything generally falls into place!

Using have has in English

So what's special about use of have has in English? First, it is important to pay attention to which subject is in your sentence. It is from this moment that it depends which form of the verb needs to be used. According to grammar rules, has only friends with he, she, it; A have- with all other persons and numbers.

Secondly, do not forget that in addition to statements, there are also questions with denials. Today it is acceptable to simply add in negation not to the corresponding verb form to have, and for a question, put the same form in front of the subject who has something in your sentence. You can also ask for help from do And does. For negatives with he, she, it will do doesn't, and for everyone else - don't. In a question, take out do or does(For he, she, it) in front of the subject.

In other words, using have has in English it is practically no different from other verbs in the present tense. It is only important to remember that there is a form has.

Using have in English with examples

Like all other rules, use of have in English It's better to remember with examples. This is what we will do right now!

The verb to have in English, along with the verbs to be and to do, plays one of the key roles in the construction of phrases and sentences in relation to all tenses used. Depending on the context in which the semantic phrase is used, its meaning can be completely different.

Verb to have: basic meaning

As for the main use of this verb, so to speak, in pure form, most often it is translated or defined as “to have” or “to possess.”

In the very simple case When a phrase is constructed in the first and third person singular or plural, it is used in the basic form. For example, I (we, they, you) have a dog - “I (we, they, you) have a dog.” However, for the third person singular and for constructing sentences indicating a past (accomplished) event, other forms are used.

Conjugation

In order to fully understand the specifics of its application, the verb has (had) as a derivative of the basic indefinite form to have should be considered precisely in the context of conjugation using persons and tenses. The meaning put into any phrase will depend on this.

The forms of the verb have (or more correctly, to have) look like this.

Please note that in relation to the pronoun you, the verb is used in the same form, but sometimes in English the pronoun itself can have the context of both references to “you” and references to “you”. In the American language, everything is simpler in this regard. The fact is that it always uses the “you” address, even in the sense of using the verb to be (in this case, its forms are).

For example, the phrase Are you sure? Can be translated both as “Are you sure?” and as “Are you sure?” The same is true with the verb to have.

Verb has (had): difference in usage

Based on the above system of conjugation of the main verb, it is not difficult to draw a conclusion about the use of some of its forms. As is already clear, the English verbs “has” refer to the third person present tense (he, she, it), and the form “had” is a derivative for constructing sentences of the past tense for any person and number (this will be discussed separately).

Using a verb in the present tense

As already mentioned, the basic form of to have and its derivative ( English verb has in particular) in the present tense denote the possession of something (as was shown in the example above).

The form changes from have to has only when the person and number change. That is, has is used exclusively in cases where the main pronoun is he, she or it ( singular third party). For example, She has a dog - “She has a dog.” This one is simple. Nevertheless correct form The verb has is the main verb to have (indefinite form).

Using a verb in the past tense

With the past tense things are not so simple. The point here is that phrases may not be limited to the use of the special form had, and therefore a sentence may have different meanings in terms of the period of time when a certain action occurred.

To make it clearer, let's look at two examples. For the first case, let's take the phrase I had a pen. It can be translated as “I had a pen” (once upon a time). But if you use two forms of the main verb in the sentence I have had a pen, the meaning changes radically. This expression can also be interpreted as “I had a pen,” but the action has just ended. Roughly speaking, the pen was there a few moments ago, but now it’s gone.

In addition, the verb to have can be used with other verbs, but together they indicate different time periods of actions and their completeness. Thus, the phrase I have visited an exhibition can be translated as “I visited (visited) the exhibition” (just now). But when the sentence I have been visiting an exhibition is used (or with the abbreviation I've been - forms of the verb have can also have this form like shortened versions of to be in affirmative, interrogative or negative sentences), the interpretation implies that visiting the exhibition as lasting action took place at the very moment in question.

If the sentence also contains a past tense verb, the meaning changes accordingly (I’ve been visited... - “I was visited (by someone)”, “I was visited/visited”).

But participles may also be present, for example, I’ve been crying - “I cried / cried” at the very moment in question (literally - “I was / was crying / crying”).

By the way, Americans often add the verb to get when constructing past tense phrases. In this case, the phrase I’ve got.. is almost equivalent to a regular past tense sentence, although it can be literally translated as “I received/received”, “I became/became the owner”, etc.

Constructing sentences in the future tense

The conjugation of the verb has, hopefully, is already clear, although by and large this is an absolutely incorrect formulation of the question, since it is not the verb has that is conjugated, but its basic form to have. But let's move on to constructing sentences in the future tense. There is a lot of interesting things here too. As a rule, to describe actions in the near future, that is, if something needs to be done right now, the verb to have can also be used, but in this case it means some kind of obligation. True, in the Russian language there is no pure analogue to such phrases. Let's explain with an example.

The phrase I have to go into Russian can be literally translated as “I have to go.” Brad, isn't it? To adjust in terms of the described obligation, the translation “I must leave” is used, which more clearly describes English phrase I must go. But a complete analogy in translation can be found in the same Ukrainian language, which in this regard is somewhat closer to European ones. Literally, the above phrase can be translated as “I may go,” which means “I must (must) leave.” In this case, the meaning includes an action that needs to be performed now or in some period of time after voicing the intention.

Inconsistencies between English and American: Interrogative Sentences

Let's leave the verb has (had) aside for now and look at some of the nuances that can be found in pure English and unified American languages. From a construction point of view interrogative sentences, in English they must begin with a main verb denoting a specific action. In other words, you could ask your interlocutor whether he has a dog using the phrase Have you a dog?. From an English point of view this is correct. But Americans often add the action verb to do to the seemingly main verb to have, which fulfills main role. Thus, the question about a dog in the American version looks like this: Do you have a dog?

In addition, very often you can find phrases like “You have a dog?”, and in interrogative form. If translated, this phrase could mean surprise, “Oh, you have a dog?” The emphasis is either on the word “is” or on the word “dog”. In other words, the question implies ordinary surprise at a certain fact. By the way, classic rules Americans simply ignore the construction of sentences of any time or any level of complexity, in contrast to the inhabitants of old England with its established traditions.

Conclusion

As can be seen from the above, the verb has (had) is just one of the forms of the main verb to have. And its use, depending on the type of situation, can be completely different. But, I think, the main aspects are already clear to most readers using the simplest examples. By and large, the American language is easier for residents of non-English-speaking countries, and it is simply impossible to learn English, not to mention the Scottish or Irish dialect, without living in the UK with everyday communication.