Students very often face the need to determine the case of nouns. This must be done, for example, when you need to check the spelling of an unstressed vowel at the end. Difficulty arises when distinguishing the nominative and accusative cases, because auxiliary questions to the words used in these cases are almost identical.
Instructions
- In order to determine the case of nouns, it is necessary, first of all, to pose a question to the word. Words related to the nominative case answer the questions WHO? WHAT? If you asked questions WHO? or WHAT?, then you have a noun used in the accusative case.
- Determine which part of the sentence the noun is. If the word is the subject, i.e. the main member of the sentence, then it is used in the form nominative case.The accusative case denotes the word that appears in the sentence minor member, direct object. For example, invite the children to determine the case of the nouns in this sentence.
The girl writes a letter. Ask them to put questions to the words, to determine which part of the sentence they are. They should come to the following result. The word “girl” answers the question WHO?, is the subject, which means it is used in the nominative case. And the word “letter” is a minor member of the sentence, a direct object. It answers the question WHAT? and, therefore, is used in the accusative case. - Draw the attention of schoolchildren to the fact that a noun is used with or without a preposition. Words in the nominative case are used without prepositions. In the accusative - they have prepositions ON, FOR, THROUGH, IN, etc.
- When determining case, it is also worth comparing the endings in words. Thus, nouns of the first declension will have endings A, Z, if they are in the nominative case. Accordingly, in the accusative case - U, Yu. For example, in the first declension noun “wall” the ending is A. It is used in the nominative case. The word "wall" has the ending U. This means it has the accusative case.
- Case indicates the role of a word in a sentence. You can use the helper phrase WHO DOES WHAT to distinguish between the nominative and accusative cases.
How to distinguish the Nominative case from the Accusative case?
- The nominative case differs from the accusative case in questions. Nominative case questions - who? What? For example: (who?) girl, (what?) ball.
And questions of the accusative case - who? What? . For example: said (who? what?) a word, did (who? what?) work.
To distinguish the accusative case from the nominative case, you can substitute the word see. I see (who? what?) a ball - this noun is in the accusative case.
Also:
1Nouns in these case forms perform different syntactic
functions: in the nominative case the role of the subject, in the accusative
additions.
2Nouns in the nominative case are used without prepositions. In the accusative case there are prepositions in, on, for, through. - If you mean in a sentence, then the Accusative (in a sentence) differs from the Nominative in that: If the noun is the subject, then it is By Him. case, and if secondary. member then wine.
- The nominative answers the questions who, what... and the accusative who, what
- We need to ask two questions: who? What? - Nominative, (blame) WHO? What? - Accusative. Also WHO? what? - Genitive.
- The nominative case answers the question who, what. For example: who? (fox)
Accusative of whom, what. For example: I see who? (fox) - Ask two questions at once: who? what? - genitive; whom? What? - accusative.
The word sister also helps. We put the word sister instead of the substantive, the case of which is difficult for us to determine, and, no matter how ridiculous the resulting sentence may look, but if SISTERS is inserted, the genitive case is used, if SISTER is the accusative case. - Them. -Who? what?, vin. -whom? What?
- Who, what? no prepositions, always the subject in the sentence
Who, what? there may be prepositions, a minor member of the sentence. - When asking a question, the nominative case answers questions (who? what?), and the accusative case (whom? what?)
- The nominative case answers the questions WHO? WHAT? (example: earth, fox, water, house...) And the accusative to the questions of Who? What? (land, fox, water, house)
- Thank you very much for the information, otherwise I’ve already forgotten everything in 25 years!
- The nominative case is always the subject,
The accusative case is an addition (if without a preposition).To avoid mistakes, take a feminine word, for example, “book,” and in the sentence where you need to determine the case, replace the problematic word with “book.”
Will you have it or who? What? - “book” (Nominative p.), or whom? What? "book" (Vinit. p.)
- eminent case - questions who? What? accusative - questions of whom? What?
- The first answers the questions Who? What?
Second on Who? What??? - A noun in the nominative case answers the question “Who?” or “What?”, in the accusative case it answers the question: “Who?”, “What?” (I see who, what?. I blame who, what?)
- and how to distinguish?
- The nominative case most often contains the subject (the person or thing referred to in the sentence).
Lesson type: combined lesson
Goals:
- Educational: To promote interest in the Russian language, activity, communication skills, and general culture.
- Educational: Systematize knowledge on the topic, replenish students’ knowledge about the nominative and accusative cases, the subtlety of using these cases in speech, the role of words in this form in a sentence .
- Developmental: contribute to the formation of skills to use techniques: highlighting the main thing, thinking, observation, attention, speech and memory.
1. Org. moment
2. Work on attentiveness (slide)
- Doll - and
- Table - m
- Dress - ?
(student answers: instead of a question mark there should be the letter o. I prove that the doll is a toy, table-furniture, dress-clothes)
3. Updating of basic knowledge. Language warm-up.
(the class is divided into 2 groups) Group 1 - 4 work at the board, 4 are preparing for the test
A- Syntactic analysis. Place punctuation marks.
A woodpecker loudly knocks on a dry tree, orioles whistle on the birch trees. (1 student)
A crow was sitting on a bench and Mitya saw a crow. (2nd student)
B - Morphemic parsing: paw silently ran up (third student)
Morphological analysis: elephant (fourth student)
B - The rest work with the teacher: false - true (slide)
In a word close- 1 soft consonant sound - (children’s answers: l (2) Y is always soft, the vowel sound e softens the consonant sound t) We left- there are more sounds than letters - true, e is heard as 2 sounds
Elnik - as many as letters - true e is heard as 2 sounds, ь - not a sound
Alarm - 1 ring. acc. sound - l (2), r, v
Ice drift - 1 root l(2), this is compound word, roots - ice and progress
For the word anxiety, choose words with the same root so that they are in different parts speech. Children's answers: (anxiety - i/s, anxious - adjective, disturb - verb, anxious - adverb)
After group work, individual work is checked. The work is checked by the children and then graded.
4. Theoretical training
What can you say about the noun? Why could the nominative case get such a name? (children's assumptions)
Read what is written here?
By the mark, at the mark, mark, by mark, about the mark, about the mark (case)
Name these nouns in declension order. What is noun declension?
5. A minute of penmanship. In a minute of penmanship we will write 3 letters.
- The first letter is a suffix in the word mark. What letter is this? (To)
- The second letter is the ending in the noun mark, used in the nominative case (a).
- The third letter is the ending in the noun mark, used in the accusative case (y).
Determine the order of the letters: kuuuua kuuuaa kuuaaa kuaaaa (slide)
Children's answers:
(the quantity y decreases one at a time, the quantity a increases one at a time)
Didn't a moment of penmanship tell us the topic of our lesson?
Remember in what cases these letters were used (in nominative and accusative cases).
Children's answers:
Today we will talk about the nominative and accusative cases.
6 .But first, a task for thought.(slide)
Read the words carefully. Think and say which word should stand instead of the question mark. Children's answers: (station)
How did you know? In what way? (the word umbrella is formed in this way, the second syllable zone is taken from the word season, and the second syllable tik is also taken from the word cog. This means the second syllables are wok, hall) What is this? (building where passengers are served)
What can you say about this word?........ - educate. moment
Making sentences using the word station. Several sentences are written from dictation.
7 .Learning new material.
And here are my suggestions. Let's make observations. (slide)
The station is located on the outskirts of the city.
The station received a message about the arrival of the train.
Passengers see the station.
(underline the main members, determine the case. What member is it? What is common? The difference? Observation in progress)
Children's answers: Conclusion
The noun in the nominative case, being the main member, is used without a preposition. Nouns in the accusative case are minor members, used with and without a preposition)
8. Formation of practical skills
No. 131 (why is the nominative case the most popular? - main member
Why could the accusative case get such a name? - children's assumptions
(it turns out that the object of the action, designated by the noun in V.P., is the reason that causes the action itself - Read the book).
No. 134 (what principles helped you distinguish nouns in the nominative case from nouns in the accusative case?)
9. Graphic dictation followed by testing (pair work: the first student finds nouns, determines cases, the second student draws a diagram)
The young captain climbed aboard. (captain - im.p., on board - vin. p.) / _____ ===== /.
The cat crawled out from under the sofa, stretched, and jumped onto the sofa. (cat-name, on the sofa-vin.p.)
\ ________ ========,========,===========\.
Mishka ran next to him and shouted: “Press the pedal!” (on the pedal-vin.p.) A: "P!"
“I forgot my handkerchief,” Denis answered quietly. (scarf-vin.p.) “P,” - A.
Thunder rumbled and lightning illuminated the ocean. (thunder - im.p., lightning - im.p., ocean - vin.p.)
/ _______ ===========/, and \ ______ ============/
10 .Compound. proposals boat - using in the nominative, accusative cases.
11 . Bottom line. How not to confuse the nominative case with the accusative case?
12. Homework. Exercise 136. Learn the rule.
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“Only by mastering the primary material as perfectly as possible, that is, native language, we will be able to master a foreign language as perfectly as possible, but not before.”
F.M. Dostoevsky
Studying the cases of a noun is one of the important topics of the Russian language. Knowing the cases helps us express thoughts correctly and be confident in completing written work.
Thanks to research work, we studied the history of the occurrence of cases, learned their meaning and difficulties, and consolidated the skills of distinguishing the nominative, accusative and genitive cases. Our research also allowed us to identify the most difficult cases.
According to sociological research, the most difficult case to determine among our classmates is the accusative case, in second place is the nominative case. It should be noted that the nominative case itself does not present any difficulties, but in the text it can be confused with the accusative case.
Why does language need case? If, for example, all of the Russian language suddenly disappeared case endings, we would not be able to understand a single sentence. For example, in the sentence The wolf scared Petya noun Petya is in the accusative and the noun wolf - in the nominative case. Now let’s try to put a noun in the same sentence Petya in the nominative form, and the noun wolf– into the accusative case: the resulting sentence Petya scared the wolf describes a different situation, in a certain sense opposite to the first. We can say that the case indicates the roles that Petya and the wolf play in the situation: if you change the cases, then the roles will change.
Thus, the study of cases is necessary for everyone who wants to master the Russian language perfectly.
Goals:
- to develop the ability to recognize I.p. and V.p. nouns in a sentence;
- practice the ability to determine the case of a noun by question and preposition, parse a sentence into members;
- cultivate attentiveness, independence, and a sense of mutual assistance.
Equipment: computer, projector, blackboard, textbook “Russian language” T.G. Ramzaeva, task cards.
Lesson progress
I. Org. moment.
II. Checking the house. assignments.
2 slide
P. 80 ex. 150
– At home you had to make sentences and determine the case of nouns.
– What needs to be done to determine case?
(Reading sentences and identifying cases)
– Read the sentence that corresponds to the scheme proposed in the textbook.
III. Calligraphy.
3 slide
IV. Vocabulary and spelling minute.
4 slide
The slide has words printed against the background of the picture “In the Field.” Find the extra ones.
What letters are missing?
Make up phrases with the remaining words, putting them in different cases. Write it down in a notebook with comments, determine the case.
(For example: bread made from wheat (R.p.), watched the work (T.p.), etc.)
V. Working on a new topic.
5 slide
Communicating the topic of the lesson and setting goals.
– Today we will continue to learn how to determine the case of nouns.
Look, our guests have two cases. They are very similar to each other and we will learn to distinguish them. What do you think these cases are? (I. and V.) Formation of new knowledge.
– What are the similarities ( questions) and difference ( prepositions, part of the sentence) these cases? 6 slide
– What do the cases themselves tell you about themselves?
- I am nominative case, 7 slide
And I don’t have other people’s clothes on me.
Everyone recognizes me easily
And the subjects are called.
I haven’t liked prepositions since childhood
I can't stand being around you.
My questions are who? So what? –
No one will confuse it with anything.- And I am the accusative case, 8 slide
And I blame it all on the ignorant.
But I love excellent students,
I catch “fives” for them.
Who to call, what to play,
I'm ready to give the guys some advice.
Don't mind making friends with pretexts,
But I can live without them.
- Read the sentences. Slide 9
– What noun. found in all sentences?
– What question does it answer? Is it possible to determine case by it?
Conclusion: Inanimate nouns. both in the I. and V. cases they answer the same question - what?
- Then let's look for differences.
Conclusion: If noun. is the subject, then it is in I.p., if it is a minor member, then in V.p. (with or without preposition).
Analysis of proposals with commentary.
What other noun? We haven't determined the case? (grows where? in what? in the nursery - P.)
What is a nursery?
VI. Consolidation of knowledge.
10 slide
Complete the sentence with nouns, putting them in the correct case.
Sasha took………. went to ………. and cleared……….. .
Checking missing letters on a slide.
What else did you find in this sentence? (Sentence with homogeneous members. Explain the placement of the comma, conjunction and).
Words for reference: st..tsa, d..ro..ka, l..pata.
VII. Summing up, conclusions from the table.
11 slide
How to distinguish them. case from Vin.?
D/z p.81 exercise 153, learn the rule.
VIII. Task on cards (according to options).
IX. Reflection.
Filling out the table.
In Russian the forms inanimate nouns the second and third declension in the nominative and accusative cases are the same. In order not to be mistaken in their definition, we must remember that nouns in the nominative case always act as the main member of the sentence, more often as the subject, and the accusative case always indicates the dependence of the noun on the main word, that is, the noun in the accusative case is a secondary member of the sentence.
For example:
The ax chops - chips fly. (Axe, wood chips - I.p.)
If you pick up an ax, remember that you will have to collect wood chips. (axe, wood chips - V.P.)
According to the terminology accepted in Russian linguistics, the accusative case is a “morphologically weakly independent case.” The difficulty of its definition arises only when compared with the nominative and genitive. If in doubt, you should use a proven school method: put a case question to a noun:
(see) who? – teacher, mother, elephant, mouse (V.p.);
(see) what? – tree, bench, reeds, balcony (V.p.).
The nominative and accusative cases are also distinguished by the presence of prepositions, the use of which is possible only in indirect cases.
For example:
The bridge was built using modern engineering design. (What? - bridge, I. p.)
It was not easy to cross the bridge. (Through what? – through the bridge – V.p.)
Conclusions website
- Nouns in these case forms perform different syntactic functions: in the nominative case - the role of the subject, in the accusative - the complement.
- Nominative case questions - who? What?
accusative case questions - whom? What? - Nouns in the nominative case are used without prepositions. In the accusative case there are prepositions in, on, for, through.
